天线空域极化特性及应用
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摘要
面向复杂电磁环境下实战背景,充分挖掘和利用蕴含在电磁波和雷达天线中的极化信息,拓展和完善雷达极化理论,最大限度的利用雷达系统所获得的电磁信息,提高雷达系统在恶劣电磁环境下的生存和对抗能力,使之能够适应复杂多变的战场环境,已经成为雷达极化技术领域所面临的基础课题和紧迫任务。
论文诠释了天线空域极化特性的内涵,建立了天线空域极化特性表征方法,系统分析了天线空域极化特性,并对天线空域极化特性在目标极化特性测量、抗有源干扰和真假目标鉴别等领域中的应用进行了富有成效的研究,有力拓展了雷达极化信息处理技术的外延,丰富了雷达极化理论的内涵。
具体内容可分为理论研究和应用研究两个层面:
在理论研究方面,以瞬态极化理论为基础,诠释了天线空域极化特性的内涵,建立了空域瞬态极化表征方法,揭示了天线极化特性在空间的演化、分布规律,不仅补充和完善了电磁波和天线极化理论,且为天线空域极化特性的刻画和应用提供了理论基础和有力工具。具体内容包括:①建立了天线空域极化特性的表征理论框架,包括天线空域极化特性内涵的诠释,天线空域极化特性的经典描述和天线空域瞬态极化特性的表征;②结合理论分析和计算机仿真,首次系统分析了各种线天线和面天线的空域极化特性,包括短偶极子、正交偶极子天线、环天线、螺旋天线、波导口辐射器、喇叭天线以及抛物面天线等,得到了一组有意义的结论;③针对实际干扰机天线和正馈抛物面天线,利用暗室测量数据,分析了天线极化特性在空间的分布情况,由于各种现实因素的影响,虽然基本规律与理论分析相符,但实际天线的空域极化特性比理论推导更为显著;在上述基础上,建立了四种典型的天线空域极化特性模型。天线空域极化特性的研究不仅证明了雷达天线空域极化特性的存在性,更揭示了天线极化特性在空间的内在变化规律,为其在极化测量、鉴别、抗干扰等领域中的应用奠定了理论基础和技术支撑。
在应用研究方面,针对机械扫描体制雷达,论文力求通过分析雷达天线的空域极化特性,采用先进的信号与信息处理手段,充分挖掘雷达装备所固有的极化信息处理潜力,有效提升我防空雷达在复杂电磁环境下的抗干扰能力和目标识别能力。具体内容包括:①提出了一种利用天线空域极化特性估计来波信号极化状态的新方法,对算法的可行性、稳定性、有效性进行了理论分析,并结合计算机仿真,系统分析了各因素对算法性能的影响程度以及算法的适用范围和提高算法性能的主要途径;基于此极化矢量估计算法,提出了一种新颖的自适应极化滤波方法,并对该滤波器的干扰抑制效果进行了理论分析和仿真验证。②提出了两种基于天线空域极化特性的目标极化散射矩阵测量新方法,根据对接收回波信号处理方法上的差异,分别简称为“时域测量法”和“频域测量法”,结合暗室测量数据,对算法性能进行了理论分析和仿真验证;在此基础上,提出了一种新颖的固定转发式有源假目标极化鉴别方法,仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。
需要特别指出的是:论文提出的极化测量的思想与方法,突破了传统的分时极化测量和同时极化测量体制利用两个正交极化通道进行处理的思路,另辟蹊径地通过利用天线的空域极化特性,仅需一个极化通道即可完成来波极化状态估计和目标的极化散射矩阵测量;与美国等发达国家抛弃已有的装备、开发新体制极化雷达的技术路线相比,在性能上会存在一些固有的差距,但是,其优势在于它利用创新性手段,可望明显提升现役雷达的抗干扰和智能识别能力,将极大地缩短研制周期、降低成本,适合现阶段乃至未来很长一段时间内我国武器装备发展的特点。
Under battleground of the complicated electromagnetic(EM) environments, in order to fully exploit and utilize the polarization information of EM waves and radar antenna, that is, to let the radar system can adapt complicated and adverse battleground environments with intelligent survival and combat capability, improving the polarization theory and utilizing the EM information sufficiently are becoming a urgent mission in radar polarization information processing technique domain.
A completely new concept of spatial polarization charscteristics(SPC) of antenna is proposed in this thesis. The connotation and representation methods of SPC are constructed. Thereby, using the SPC of antenna, the target’s polarization characteristic measurement, anti-active jamming and decoy discrimination have been studied. The radar polarization information processing technology is extended and the polarization theory is enriched.
The main contributions of the thesis are as follows:
In theory, with the guidance of instantaneous polarization theory, the SPC of antennas have been studied, which is not only the extension and evolution of polarization theory but also provides theoretical basis and powerful tools for the application of antenna’s SPC. The main contents include three aspects: (1) The representation framework of antenna’s SPC are established including the connotation, classical description and spatial instantaneous polarization characteristics. (2) Combining with theoretical derivation and computer simulation, system analysis is done for the SPC of various radar antennas such as short-dipole, orthogonal-dipole, coil antenna, helix antenna, waveguide radiator, horn antenna, parabolic antenna etc. for the first time. Then, some meaningful conclusions are presented. (3) Utilizing the microwave dark room measured data, the SPC of a practical jammer antenna and a parabolic antenna are analyzed. The variation of actual antennas’polarization in space is more obviously than theoretical results although is consistent in essential. On the basis of this, four typical SPC models for antenna are established. This work not only proves the existence but also reveals the internal evolution rule of antenna’s SPC. It provides theoretical foundations and technical supports for the application of antenna’s SPC such as polarimetric scattering matrix(PSM) measurement, polarization decoy discrimination and interference suppression.
In application, aiming at mechanical scanning radar system, using radar antenna’s SPC and advanced signal processing methods, the thesis made an effort to improving the anti-jamming and target identification abilities of air defense radar in complex EM environment by exploiting the polarization information in radar equipments utmost. The main achievements include two aspects: (1) A novel method for estimating the polarization state of incoming EM wave is put forward by using the SPC of antenna. Firstly, the algorithm performance is analyzed theoretically such as the feasibility, stability and validity. Then, the influence factors, the application field and the main improving way of the algorithm are analyzed by computer simulation. Finally, in order to suppressing the noise jamming, a new method of adaptive polarization filtering is designed. Performance of this polarization filter has been analyzed theoretically and tested by simulation. (2) Based on the SPC of antenna, two novel PSM measurement methods are proposed. According to the differences in the signal processing method of the received echo, the two algorithms are named as‘time-domain PSM measurement’and‘frequency-domain PSM measurement’respectively. Combined with microwave dark room measurement data, performance of the two algorithms has been analyzed. Then, the distinguishing of fixed-repeater active decoy in polarization field is researched. The validity of the polarization discrimination method has been tested.
The most significant point is the idea and method, which is brought out based on the SPC of radar antenna, is a breakthrough compared with the traditional PSM methods. Not need two orthogonal polarization channels, the PSM measurement can be implemented using just one polarization channel. Compared with abandoning the current equipments and developing entirely new radar systems in U.S. and other developed countries, although there is some inherent difference in performance, the innovative means can greatly reduce the development time and production cost. Adapt to the weapon equipments development characteristics of our country at present and for a long time in the future, the methods will improve the anti-jamming and intelligent recognition abilities greatly.
论文诠释了天线空域极化特性的内涵,建立了天线空域极化特性表征方法,系统分析了天线空域极化特性,并对天线空域极化特性在目标极化特性测量、抗有源干扰和真假目标鉴别等领域中的应用进行了富有成效的研究,有力拓展了雷达极化信息处理技术的外延,丰富了雷达极化理论的内涵。
具体内容可分为理论研究和应用研究两个层面:
在理论研究方面,以瞬态极化理论为基础,诠释了天线空域极化特性的内涵,建立了空域瞬态极化表征方法,揭示了天线极化特性在空间的演化、分布规律,不仅补充和完善了电磁波和天线极化理论,且为天线空域极化特性的刻画和应用提供了理论基础和有力工具。具体内容包括:①建立了天线空域极化特性的表征理论框架,包括天线空域极化特性内涵的诠释,天线空域极化特性的经典描述和天线空域瞬态极化特性的表征;②结合理论分析和计算机仿真,首次系统分析了各种线天线和面天线的空域极化特性,包括短偶极子、正交偶极子天线、环天线、螺旋天线、波导口辐射器、喇叭天线以及抛物面天线等,得到了一组有意义的结论;③针对实际干扰机天线和正馈抛物面天线,利用暗室测量数据,分析了天线极化特性在空间的分布情况,由于各种现实因素的影响,虽然基本规律与理论分析相符,但实际天线的空域极化特性比理论推导更为显著;在上述基础上,建立了四种典型的天线空域极化特性模型。天线空域极化特性的研究不仅证明了雷达天线空域极化特性的存在性,更揭示了天线极化特性在空间的内在变化规律,为其在极化测量、鉴别、抗干扰等领域中的应用奠定了理论基础和技术支撑。
在应用研究方面,针对机械扫描体制雷达,论文力求通过分析雷达天线的空域极化特性,采用先进的信号与信息处理手段,充分挖掘雷达装备所固有的极化信息处理潜力,有效提升我防空雷达在复杂电磁环境下的抗干扰能力和目标识别能力。具体内容包括:①提出了一种利用天线空域极化特性估计来波信号极化状态的新方法,对算法的可行性、稳定性、有效性进行了理论分析,并结合计算机仿真,系统分析了各因素对算法性能的影响程度以及算法的适用范围和提高算法性能的主要途径;基于此极化矢量估计算法,提出了一种新颖的自适应极化滤波方法,并对该滤波器的干扰抑制效果进行了理论分析和仿真验证。②提出了两种基于天线空域极化特性的目标极化散射矩阵测量新方法,根据对接收回波信号处理方法上的差异,分别简称为“时域测量法”和“频域测量法”,结合暗室测量数据,对算法性能进行了理论分析和仿真验证;在此基础上,提出了一种新颖的固定转发式有源假目标极化鉴别方法,仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。
需要特别指出的是:论文提出的极化测量的思想与方法,突破了传统的分时极化测量和同时极化测量体制利用两个正交极化通道进行处理的思路,另辟蹊径地通过利用天线的空域极化特性,仅需一个极化通道即可完成来波极化状态估计和目标的极化散射矩阵测量;与美国等发达国家抛弃已有的装备、开发新体制极化雷达的技术路线相比,在性能上会存在一些固有的差距,但是,其优势在于它利用创新性手段,可望明显提升现役雷达的抗干扰和智能识别能力,将极大地缩短研制周期、降低成本,适合现阶段乃至未来很长一段时间内我国武器装备发展的特点。
Under battleground of the complicated electromagnetic(EM) environments, in order to fully exploit and utilize the polarization information of EM waves and radar antenna, that is, to let the radar system can adapt complicated and adverse battleground environments with intelligent survival and combat capability, improving the polarization theory and utilizing the EM information sufficiently are becoming a urgent mission in radar polarization information processing technique domain.
A completely new concept of spatial polarization charscteristics(SPC) of antenna is proposed in this thesis. The connotation and representation methods of SPC are constructed. Thereby, using the SPC of antenna, the target’s polarization characteristic measurement, anti-active jamming and decoy discrimination have been studied. The radar polarization information processing technology is extended and the polarization theory is enriched.
The main contributions of the thesis are as follows:
In theory, with the guidance of instantaneous polarization theory, the SPC of antennas have been studied, which is not only the extension and evolution of polarization theory but also provides theoretical basis and powerful tools for the application of antenna’s SPC. The main contents include three aspects: (1) The representation framework of antenna’s SPC are established including the connotation, classical description and spatial instantaneous polarization characteristics. (2) Combining with theoretical derivation and computer simulation, system analysis is done for the SPC of various radar antennas such as short-dipole, orthogonal-dipole, coil antenna, helix antenna, waveguide radiator, horn antenna, parabolic antenna etc. for the first time. Then, some meaningful conclusions are presented. (3) Utilizing the microwave dark room measured data, the SPC of a practical jammer antenna and a parabolic antenna are analyzed. The variation of actual antennas’polarization in space is more obviously than theoretical results although is consistent in essential. On the basis of this, four typical SPC models for antenna are established. This work not only proves the existence but also reveals the internal evolution rule of antenna’s SPC. It provides theoretical foundations and technical supports for the application of antenna’s SPC such as polarimetric scattering matrix(PSM) measurement, polarization decoy discrimination and interference suppression.
In application, aiming at mechanical scanning radar system, using radar antenna’s SPC and advanced signal processing methods, the thesis made an effort to improving the anti-jamming and target identification abilities of air defense radar in complex EM environment by exploiting the polarization information in radar equipments utmost. The main achievements include two aspects: (1) A novel method for estimating the polarization state of incoming EM wave is put forward by using the SPC of antenna. Firstly, the algorithm performance is analyzed theoretically such as the feasibility, stability and validity. Then, the influence factors, the application field and the main improving way of the algorithm are analyzed by computer simulation. Finally, in order to suppressing the noise jamming, a new method of adaptive polarization filtering is designed. Performance of this polarization filter has been analyzed theoretically and tested by simulation. (2) Based on the SPC of antenna, two novel PSM measurement methods are proposed. According to the differences in the signal processing method of the received echo, the two algorithms are named as‘time-domain PSM measurement’and‘frequency-domain PSM measurement’respectively. Combined with microwave dark room measurement data, performance of the two algorithms has been analyzed. Then, the distinguishing of fixed-repeater active decoy in polarization field is researched. The validity of the polarization discrimination method has been tested.
The most significant point is the idea and method, which is brought out based on the SPC of radar antenna, is a breakthrough compared with the traditional PSM methods. Not need two orthogonal polarization channels, the PSM measurement can be implemented using just one polarization channel. Compared with abandoning the current equipments and developing entirely new radar systems in U.S. and other developed countries, although there is some inherent difference in performance, the innovative means can greatly reduce the development time and production cost. Adapt to the weapon equipments development characteristics of our country at present and for a long time in the future, the methods will improve the anti-jamming and intelligent recognition abilities greatly.
引文
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