水声综合通信网络关键技术的研究
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摘要
水声通信对于国防和国民经济建设都有着非常重要的作用。围绕着水声综合通信网络中所涉及的关键技术,在应用盲信号处理理论,OFDM、CDMA及网络通信理论和技术的基础上对水声综合通信网络的关键技术开展了基础性的研究。主要研究内容和成果有:
(1)提出了水声综合通信网络的结构体系。将整个水声网络分为由一个主节点、若干个子节点和大量的终端构成的有机联系的、相互协调工作的、能提供多种服务的通信系统。提出了主链路、副链路及子链路的概念。描述了主节点管理整个水声通信网络,子节点管理其覆盖区内的终端的管理机制。
(2)分析了海洋水声信道的特性,并得出了海洋水声信道是一个时空变化的随机信道的结论。可将水声信道分解为稳定多途信道、慢变多途信道和随机多途信道,前两部分信道可通过拷贝相关法和脉冲相关法测量出海洋水声信道,而随机多途信道却无法通过测量方法得到。为提高信息传输的可靠性,就需要采用盲信号处理技术对信道进行盲处理和盲均衡。
(3)研究了水声信道的盲辨识、盲均衡及OFDM系统的盲辨识技术。建立了子空间盲信道辨识的数学模型,研究了子空间的分解,构造了线性约束条件及二次型约束条件下的盲信道辨识算法,推导出了在二次型约束条件下用少数噪声空间向量辨识信道参数的方法。充分利用了OFDM信号中循环前缀的信息冗余特点,推导出子空间辨识的算法。无需过采样,无需改变OFDM的信号结构,就可通过构造一个简单的Toepltz矩阵对OFDM系统进行盲辨识,且减小了计算量。
(4)研究了基于MC-CDMA的水声传输链路。提出了扩频与OFDM相结合的水声多用户传输系统的基本原理。用最大似然估计法研究了用一个OFDM块进行定时和频偏估计的问题,提出了快速估计算法。通过仿真实验表明:MC-CDMA在多用户传输方面具有较强的抗噪声性能,尤其在小信噪比下具有较低的误比特性能;同时还表明较少个数的循环前缀就能保证定时估计的精度和载波频率估计的精度。
(5)探讨了水声多用户检测技术的基本方法。应用MMSE准则,在考虑信道及其相关性的基础上改进了最小均方差多用户检测算法,通过增加了新的线性约束条件,保证了最优MMSE解落在搜索空间中。
(6)对水声综合通信网络结构体系进行较详细的研究。对节点、终端的作用及功能给予了定义和描述。对基本通信方式、物理信道给予了定义和描述。提出了公共物理信道接入时序原理及规则。定义了数据链路层通信协议的具体的帧格式,同时对数据链路层的“协商-请求-确认-信息传输”通信机制模型进行了详细的数学分析,给出了时隙利用率和公共信道信息传输损失率的公式。
详细定义和描述了多址转移层中的静态路由管理、动态路由管理的机制和结构。对管理层中的链路管理、带宽管理、认证管理、PN码管理、工况及信息统计也给予了较详细的定义和描述,最后对终端的服务层也给予了定义和描述。
Underwater acoustic communications have very important utilizations for national defense and national economic construction. The key techniques are foundationally researched in key technologies concerned with integrated network of underwater acoustic communications, using the theories of blind signal process, OFDM technology, CDMA technology, and the network communication theory and technology. The main research contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) The hierarchy structure of integrated network of underwater acoustic communications are proposed. The whole underwater acoustic communication networks (UACN) are consisted of main node, some sub-node and many of terminals, they can provide multi-service by harmonized operating and organic relating each other. The conceptions of main link, vice link and sub-link are proposed. The management mechanism which main node manage whole UACN, sub-node manage terminals in its covering region is described.
(2) The characters of ocean acoustic channel are analyzed, the conclusion that ocean acoustic channel is a spatio-temporal varying random channel is obtained. The channel of underwater acoustic channel can be decomposed into three components in that the first is stably multi-path channel, the second is slowly varying multi-path channel, and the third is random channel. The first and second channels can be measured by using copy relative method and pulse relative, but the random channel cannot be obtained by measure. It is necessary that use blind process and blind equalization for ocean acoustic channel in order to enhance reliability of information transmission.
(3) The techniques about blind identification and blind equalization of underwater acoustic channel, and blind identification of OFDM system are studied. The mathematic model of blind identification for channel based on subspace is established, and the decomposition of subspace is also studied. The algorithms of blind identification for channel are constructed under the linear restriction condition and two-order type restriction condition, and method of blind identification for channel is induced using few vectors of noise space under two-order type restriction condition.
The algorithm of blind identification for OFDM is induced using adequately characters of redundancies information of cycle prefix of OFDM signal. It can be blind identified for OFDM system by constructing a simply Toepltz matrix without over-sample and without changing structure of OFDM signal, the computing quantitative is reduced.
(4) MC-CDMA underwater acoustic transmission link is studied. The basic principle of multi-user underwater acoustic transmission system is proposed combining with spread frequency technology and OFDM. The issues of frequency deviation estimation and timing estimation are study using maximum likelihood method with one OFDM block, and the quickly estimation algorithm is proposed.
It is indicated that MC-CDMA has better performance of anti-noise in multi-users transmission; furthermore, has low BER performance under lower SNR by simulation experiment, it is also indicated that a few cycle prefix of OFDM signal can ensure precision of timing estimation and frequency estimation.
(5) The basic methods of underwater acoustic multi-user detection techniques are discussed. The algorithm of MMSE multi-user detection is improved with considering of channel and its relativity, and that the optimum solution of MMSE for multi-user detection can be guaranteed to converge in searching space by addition new linear constraint condition.
(6) The hierarchy structure of integrated network of underwater acoustic communication is detailedly studied. The definitions and functions about the node, terminal, basic communication manners, and physical channels are detailedly described, the principle and regulation about accessing time slot of public physical channel. The material formats of communication protocol of data link layer are defined, the model of correspondence mechanism of negotiation-request-acknowledge-information transmission is detailedly mathematically analyzed, and the formulas about utilization ratio of time slot and loss ratio of information transmission are developed.
The structures and management mechanism of static and dynamic router management of multi-access transfer layer is detailedly defined and described. The link, bandwidth, authentication, PN code, and operation status management are also detailedly defined and described in management layer. Finally, the serve layer of terminal is defined and described.
(1)提出了水声综合通信网络的结构体系。将整个水声网络分为由一个主节点、若干个子节点和大量的终端构成的有机联系的、相互协调工作的、能提供多种服务的通信系统。提出了主链路、副链路及子链路的概念。描述了主节点管理整个水声通信网络,子节点管理其覆盖区内的终端的管理机制。
(2)分析了海洋水声信道的特性,并得出了海洋水声信道是一个时空变化的随机信道的结论。可将水声信道分解为稳定多途信道、慢变多途信道和随机多途信道,前两部分信道可通过拷贝相关法和脉冲相关法测量出海洋水声信道,而随机多途信道却无法通过测量方法得到。为提高信息传输的可靠性,就需要采用盲信号处理技术对信道进行盲处理和盲均衡。
(3)研究了水声信道的盲辨识、盲均衡及OFDM系统的盲辨识技术。建立了子空间盲信道辨识的数学模型,研究了子空间的分解,构造了线性约束条件及二次型约束条件下的盲信道辨识算法,推导出了在二次型约束条件下用少数噪声空间向量辨识信道参数的方法。充分利用了OFDM信号中循环前缀的信息冗余特点,推导出子空间辨识的算法。无需过采样,无需改变OFDM的信号结构,就可通过构造一个简单的Toepltz矩阵对OFDM系统进行盲辨识,且减小了计算量。
(4)研究了基于MC-CDMA的水声传输链路。提出了扩频与OFDM相结合的水声多用户传输系统的基本原理。用最大似然估计法研究了用一个OFDM块进行定时和频偏估计的问题,提出了快速估计算法。通过仿真实验表明:MC-CDMA在多用户传输方面具有较强的抗噪声性能,尤其在小信噪比下具有较低的误比特性能;同时还表明较少个数的循环前缀就能保证定时估计的精度和载波频率估计的精度。
(5)探讨了水声多用户检测技术的基本方法。应用MMSE准则,在考虑信道及其相关性的基础上改进了最小均方差多用户检测算法,通过增加了新的线性约束条件,保证了最优MMSE解落在搜索空间中。
(6)对水声综合通信网络结构体系进行较详细的研究。对节点、终端的作用及功能给予了定义和描述。对基本通信方式、物理信道给予了定义和描述。提出了公共物理信道接入时序原理及规则。定义了数据链路层通信协议的具体的帧格式,同时对数据链路层的“协商-请求-确认-信息传输”通信机制模型进行了详细的数学分析,给出了时隙利用率和公共信道信息传输损失率的公式。
详细定义和描述了多址转移层中的静态路由管理、动态路由管理的机制和结构。对管理层中的链路管理、带宽管理、认证管理、PN码管理、工况及信息统计也给予了较详细的定义和描述,最后对终端的服务层也给予了定义和描述。
Underwater acoustic communications have very important utilizations for national defense and national economic construction. The key techniques are foundationally researched in key technologies concerned with integrated network of underwater acoustic communications, using the theories of blind signal process, OFDM technology, CDMA technology, and the network communication theory and technology. The main research contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) The hierarchy structure of integrated network of underwater acoustic communications are proposed. The whole underwater acoustic communication networks (UACN) are consisted of main node, some sub-node and many of terminals, they can provide multi-service by harmonized operating and organic relating each other. The conceptions of main link, vice link and sub-link are proposed. The management mechanism which main node manage whole UACN, sub-node manage terminals in its covering region is described.
(2) The characters of ocean acoustic channel are analyzed, the conclusion that ocean acoustic channel is a spatio-temporal varying random channel is obtained. The channel of underwater acoustic channel can be decomposed into three components in that the first is stably multi-path channel, the second is slowly varying multi-path channel, and the third is random channel. The first and second channels can be measured by using copy relative method and pulse relative, but the random channel cannot be obtained by measure. It is necessary that use blind process and blind equalization for ocean acoustic channel in order to enhance reliability of information transmission.
(3) The techniques about blind identification and blind equalization of underwater acoustic channel, and blind identification of OFDM system are studied. The mathematic model of blind identification for channel based on subspace is established, and the decomposition of subspace is also studied. The algorithms of blind identification for channel are constructed under the linear restriction condition and two-order type restriction condition, and method of blind identification for channel is induced using few vectors of noise space under two-order type restriction condition.
The algorithm of blind identification for OFDM is induced using adequately characters of redundancies information of cycle prefix of OFDM signal. It can be blind identified for OFDM system by constructing a simply Toepltz matrix without over-sample and without changing structure of OFDM signal, the computing quantitative is reduced.
(4) MC-CDMA underwater acoustic transmission link is studied. The basic principle of multi-user underwater acoustic transmission system is proposed combining with spread frequency technology and OFDM. The issues of frequency deviation estimation and timing estimation are study using maximum likelihood method with one OFDM block, and the quickly estimation algorithm is proposed.
It is indicated that MC-CDMA has better performance of anti-noise in multi-users transmission; furthermore, has low BER performance under lower SNR by simulation experiment, it is also indicated that a few cycle prefix of OFDM signal can ensure precision of timing estimation and frequency estimation.
(5) The basic methods of underwater acoustic multi-user detection techniques are discussed. The algorithm of MMSE multi-user detection is improved with considering of channel and its relativity, and that the optimum solution of MMSE for multi-user detection can be guaranteed to converge in searching space by addition new linear constraint condition.
(6) The hierarchy structure of integrated network of underwater acoustic communication is detailedly studied. The definitions and functions about the node, terminal, basic communication manners, and physical channels are detailedly described, the principle and regulation about accessing time slot of public physical channel. The material formats of communication protocol of data link layer are defined, the model of correspondence mechanism of negotiation-request-acknowledge-information transmission is detailedly mathematically analyzed, and the formulas about utilization ratio of time slot and loss ratio of information transmission are developed.
The structures and management mechanism of static and dynamic router management of multi-access transfer layer is detailedly defined and described. The link, bandwidth, authentication, PN code, and operation status management are also detailedly defined and described in management layer. Finally, the serve layer of terminal is defined and described.
引文
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