深部大规模爆破振动信号分析与灾害控制研究
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摘要
随着浅部资源的开采殆尽,深部资源已成为许多矿山开采的主体。本文以新城金矿深部V#矿体大规模开采为背景,针对其大规模爆破衍生的灾害控制问题进行研究,取得了以下研究成果：
(1)根据爆破振动信号持时短、突变快等的非平稳随机信号特征,以及小波包分析能根据信号特征自适应地选择相应频带和信号频谱匹配等特征,利用小波包理论研究了爆破振动信号能量不同频带的分布规律,探讨了不同爆破参数对其能量频带分布的影响；基于爆破振动的响应原理,获得了爆破振动的小波包折合能量,以此作为爆破振动破坏的评估标准。
(2)爆破荷载会使振动信号产生能量突变,基于此提出一种利用信号的能量突变来识别盲炮的新方法。从能量信号突变角度出发,运用小波理论时-能密度法和模极大值法确定微差爆破的实际延迟时间,发现时-能密度法优于模极大值法；基于时-能密度法提出了一种新的盲炮识别方法。
(3)基于爆破参数方面根据爆破振动信号能量不同频带的分布规律,分别从控制最大段药量和确定最佳微差延迟时间来主动控制大规模爆破的灾害。
(4)利用FLAC 3D软件分析了实测爆破动载下围岩在应力、位移和塑性变形等方面的变化规律,以及不同支护参数下爆破动载对巷道顶板位移变化的影响,以此优选支护方案维护采场顶板的稳定。
As the shallow resources were exhausted, deep resources becomes the main exploited body of many mines. Based on the background of large-scale blasting of deep V# ore body in the Xin Chen gold mine, this thesis study on disaster control technology induced by large-scale mid-deep hole blasting in deep stope. The main reseach contents and conclusion are as follows:
(1) Both short duration and quick change are the characteristics of blasting vibration signals. The wavelet packet analysis can select relevant frequency band for matching signal frequency spectrum according to the feature of signals. By analysis of wavelet packet theory, the law of energy distribution of different frequency band was provided, and the influence on the energy distribution characteristics of the blasting vibration signals of different explosion parameters was analyzed. Based on dynamics response of structure resulting from blasting vibration, and it applied as the equivalent energy for the harm evaluation standard of blasting vibration.
(2) The blasting load will make the vibration signals jump at the very time when it takes place. Based on this, a new method to identify the misfire is put forward which used the abrupt change of signal energy prominently. The research shows analysis is more suitable for identifying the practical time of delay in millisecond Blasting than Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima Method by contrasting with an instance. Then, based on the time-energy density, a new method to identify the misfire is put forward.
(3) Based on the law of energy distribution of different frequency band, the maximum charges of blasted delay and the best millisecond time in blasting parameters was discussed to control positively the disaster of large-scale blasting.
(4) The change of stress, displacement and plastic deformation of surrounding rock under blasting dynamic load was calculated by FLAC 3D. The better support type of rock was selected by analysis of the displacement change of surrounding rock under blasting dynamic load with different strut type, and applied to maintain stability of the stope roof.
(1)根据爆破振动信号持时短、突变快等的非平稳随机信号特征,以及小波包分析能根据信号特征自适应地选择相应频带和信号频谱匹配等特征,利用小波包理论研究了爆破振动信号能量不同频带的分布规律,探讨了不同爆破参数对其能量频带分布的影响；基于爆破振动的响应原理,获得了爆破振动的小波包折合能量,以此作为爆破振动破坏的评估标准。
(2)爆破荷载会使振动信号产生能量突变,基于此提出一种利用信号的能量突变来识别盲炮的新方法。从能量信号突变角度出发,运用小波理论时-能密度法和模极大值法确定微差爆破的实际延迟时间,发现时-能密度法优于模极大值法；基于时-能密度法提出了一种新的盲炮识别方法。
(3)基于爆破参数方面根据爆破振动信号能量不同频带的分布规律,分别从控制最大段药量和确定最佳微差延迟时间来主动控制大规模爆破的灾害。
(4)利用FLAC 3D软件分析了实测爆破动载下围岩在应力、位移和塑性变形等方面的变化规律,以及不同支护参数下爆破动载对巷道顶板位移变化的影响,以此优选支护方案维护采场顶板的稳定。
As the shallow resources were exhausted, deep resources becomes the main exploited body of many mines. Based on the background of large-scale blasting of deep V# ore body in the Xin Chen gold mine, this thesis study on disaster control technology induced by large-scale mid-deep hole blasting in deep stope. The main reseach contents and conclusion are as follows:
(1) Both short duration and quick change are the characteristics of blasting vibration signals. The wavelet packet analysis can select relevant frequency band for matching signal frequency spectrum according to the feature of signals. By analysis of wavelet packet theory, the law of energy distribution of different frequency band was provided, and the influence on the energy distribution characteristics of the blasting vibration signals of different explosion parameters was analyzed. Based on dynamics response of structure resulting from blasting vibration, and it applied as the equivalent energy for the harm evaluation standard of blasting vibration.
(2) The blasting load will make the vibration signals jump at the very time when it takes place. Based on this, a new method to identify the misfire is put forward which used the abrupt change of signal energy prominently. The research shows analysis is more suitable for identifying the practical time of delay in millisecond Blasting than Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima Method by contrasting with an instance. Then, based on the time-energy density, a new method to identify the misfire is put forward.
(3) Based on the law of energy distribution of different frequency band, the maximum charges of blasted delay and the best millisecond time in blasting parameters was discussed to control positively the disaster of large-scale blasting.
(4) The change of stress, displacement and plastic deformation of surrounding rock under blasting dynamic load was calculated by FLAC 3D. The better support type of rock was selected by analysis of the displacement change of surrounding rock under blasting dynamic load with different strut type, and applied to maintain stability of the stope roof.
引文
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