直扩通信系统中窄带干扰抑制研究
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摘要
无线通信业务的迅速增长需要更多、更高速率的无线链路支持,这导致频率资源日趋紧缺,目前正在从多个方面努力解决这个矛盾。除了开发新的频段,以及采用新型调制编码方式和利用空分复用等方式提高频率资源的利用率之外,宽带系统和窄带系统共享资源也是一条有重要意义的途径。
扩谱是当前以及将来无线通信中的主要信号方案之一,其应用将越来越广泛。在扩谱通信系统中,常常因为各种原因而遭遇较强的窄带干扰。当干扰功率超出干扰容限时,系统误码率将急剧上升,甚至导致通信失效。所幸的是,如果在接收端进行相关解扩之前就对接收信号进行抑制干扰的预处理,可以大幅度提高系统的干扰容限,显著增强系统在干扰环境中的顽存性和通信能力。
本文针对直扩通信系统中窄带干扰抑制问题开展的研究工作和取得的研究结果如下:
在分析线性预测窄带干扰抑制法的性能和缺点、综述已有各种非线性处理方法的基础上,提出了一种效率较高的非线性处理算法,即基于正交分解的QR-LMS非线性窄带干扰抑制快速算法。该算法由于采用本文提出的无平方根和乘法运算的Givens旋转正交分解法,以及将QR分解算法同后向迭代算法结合,因此计算复杂度明显降低,而性能等价于基于QR分解的最小二乘算法。
针对频率选择性衰落信道中异步CDMA系统的窄带干扰抑制问题,提出了一种基于MMSE准则的窄带干扰抑制盲算法;并推导出同时考虑多址干扰与码间干扰的窄带干扰抑制滤波器权值的闭合表达式,进而利用子空间方法对表达式进行近似,结合鲁棒性较强的投影逼近子空间跟踪方法,构成了一种高效率的自适应窄带干扰抑制方法。
针对扩谱通信系统中存在多个相互独立的窄带干扰情况,引入独立分量分析模型,并提出了相应的窄带干扰抑制方法。利用在重建希尔伯特空间的典型相关作为独立分量分析的对比函数,并将核方法引入典型相关分析中,通过将对比函数的最大化实现干扰与信号的分离,实现窄带干扰抑制。该方法不仅干扰抑制效果良好,而且干扰类型适应性强。
针对扩谱通信系统中存在多个模型未知的窄带干扰的情况,提出了一种利用广义旁瓣相消模型的窄带干扰盲抑制方法。通过对干扰抑制滤波器加一线性约束,使滤波器权值在与约束矩阵正交子空间中进行更新,滤波器对期望信号透明的同时能有效抑制窄带干扰。此外,提出了一种频域幅度谱限幅的窄带干扰抑制新方法。该法在判决窄带干扰存在之后,将接收信号的幅度谱限幅,并结合原相位谱重构信号,以实现窄带干扰的抑制。该法不仅能大幅度改善信干比,而且能比常规方法适应于更宽的干扰带宽。
The fast increase of wireless communication services requires support of more and higher rate wireless links, which results in severe shortage of frequency resource. Recently, people have been making every effort to solve this problem. Except developing new frequency band and raising frequency band efficiency by using new modulation/coding and space-division multiplexing methods, it is also a very important way to make frequency resource shared by both broadband and narrow-band communication systems.
Spread spectrum is one of the most common signaling schemes in current and emerging wireless services, which would find more and more applications. Spread spectrum communication systems often suffer strong narrowband interferences resulted from various factors. If the intensity of the interferences exceeds the interference margin of the system, its bit error rate will increase rapidly, even the system does not work. Fortunately, the interference margin of the system can be remarkably raised if the narrow interferences are excised or reduced from the received signal by preprocessing before dispreading, which proves to be very useful for increasing its robustness and communication capability
This thesis researches on the narrowband interference suppression in direct sequence spread spectrum communication systems. The author's main research contents and contributions are summarized as follows:
After analyzing the performance and drawback of the narrow-band interference suppression based linear prediction and summarizing the existing algorithms of nonlinear processing, an effective non-linear interference suppressing algorithm is proposed, i.e. a non-linear QR-LMS fast algorithm for narrow-band interference suppression based on QR decomposition. The proposed algorithm has a complexity remarkably lower than the conventional ones while its performance is equivalent to the least square algorithm based on QR decomposition.
For the asynchronous CDMA system over the frequency selective fading channel, the thesis proposes a blind algorithm of interference suppression based on MMSE criterion, moreover, has deduced a close expression of the filter weights in which both the ISI and MAI are takes into consideration. Furthermore, an effective narrow interference excising method is formed by approaching the expression with subspace decomposition combined with a robust subspace tracking based on project approaching.
For the case of the multiple independent narrowband interferences appear in the spread spectrum system, the independent component analysis model is introduced and a corresponding method of narrowband interferences suppression is proposed. The proposed method takes the canonical correlation in the reproduced Hilbert space as the contrast function, and introduces the kernel method into the canonical correlation. The sources are separated with the interferences by maximizing the contrast function, so that the interference suppression is realized.
For the case of the multiple narrowband interferences with unknown models exist in the system, a blind suppression algorithm based on the generalized side-lobe canceller is proposed. Through adding a linear constraint such as the signature of the desired user on the interference suppression filter, the filter weights update only in the subspace orthogonal to the constraint matrix. The filter can effectively suppress the narrow-band interferences while keep the desired signal unchanged. Besides, another novel algorithm to suppress narrow interferences in the frequency domain is proposed, which is realized by reconstructing the signal with the hard limited magnitude spectrum of the received signal combined with its original phase spectrum. The algorithm can not only improve the signal/interference ratio remarkably but also be applied to the case that the bandwidth of the interference is wider than that of the conventional.
扩谱是当前以及将来无线通信中的主要信号方案之一,其应用将越来越广泛。在扩谱通信系统中,常常因为各种原因而遭遇较强的窄带干扰。当干扰功率超出干扰容限时,系统误码率将急剧上升,甚至导致通信失效。所幸的是,如果在接收端进行相关解扩之前就对接收信号进行抑制干扰的预处理,可以大幅度提高系统的干扰容限,显著增强系统在干扰环境中的顽存性和通信能力。
本文针对直扩通信系统中窄带干扰抑制问题开展的研究工作和取得的研究结果如下:
在分析线性预测窄带干扰抑制法的性能和缺点、综述已有各种非线性处理方法的基础上,提出了一种效率较高的非线性处理算法,即基于正交分解的QR-LMS非线性窄带干扰抑制快速算法。该算法由于采用本文提出的无平方根和乘法运算的Givens旋转正交分解法,以及将QR分解算法同后向迭代算法结合,因此计算复杂度明显降低,而性能等价于基于QR分解的最小二乘算法。
针对频率选择性衰落信道中异步CDMA系统的窄带干扰抑制问题,提出了一种基于MMSE准则的窄带干扰抑制盲算法;并推导出同时考虑多址干扰与码间干扰的窄带干扰抑制滤波器权值的闭合表达式,进而利用子空间方法对表达式进行近似,结合鲁棒性较强的投影逼近子空间跟踪方法,构成了一种高效率的自适应窄带干扰抑制方法。
针对扩谱通信系统中存在多个相互独立的窄带干扰情况,引入独立分量分析模型,并提出了相应的窄带干扰抑制方法。利用在重建希尔伯特空间的典型相关作为独立分量分析的对比函数,并将核方法引入典型相关分析中,通过将对比函数的最大化实现干扰与信号的分离,实现窄带干扰抑制。该方法不仅干扰抑制效果良好,而且干扰类型适应性强。
针对扩谱通信系统中存在多个模型未知的窄带干扰的情况,提出了一种利用广义旁瓣相消模型的窄带干扰盲抑制方法。通过对干扰抑制滤波器加一线性约束,使滤波器权值在与约束矩阵正交子空间中进行更新,滤波器对期望信号透明的同时能有效抑制窄带干扰。此外,提出了一种频域幅度谱限幅的窄带干扰抑制新方法。该法在判决窄带干扰存在之后,将接收信号的幅度谱限幅,并结合原相位谱重构信号,以实现窄带干扰的抑制。该法不仅能大幅度改善信干比,而且能比常规方法适应于更宽的干扰带宽。
The fast increase of wireless communication services requires support of more and higher rate wireless links, which results in severe shortage of frequency resource. Recently, people have been making every effort to solve this problem. Except developing new frequency band and raising frequency band efficiency by using new modulation/coding and space-division multiplexing methods, it is also a very important way to make frequency resource shared by both broadband and narrow-band communication systems.
Spread spectrum is one of the most common signaling schemes in current and emerging wireless services, which would find more and more applications. Spread spectrum communication systems often suffer strong narrowband interferences resulted from various factors. If the intensity of the interferences exceeds the interference margin of the system, its bit error rate will increase rapidly, even the system does not work. Fortunately, the interference margin of the system can be remarkably raised if the narrow interferences are excised or reduced from the received signal by preprocessing before dispreading, which proves to be very useful for increasing its robustness and communication capability
This thesis researches on the narrowband interference suppression in direct sequence spread spectrum communication systems. The author's main research contents and contributions are summarized as follows:
After analyzing the performance and drawback of the narrow-band interference suppression based linear prediction and summarizing the existing algorithms of nonlinear processing, an effective non-linear interference suppressing algorithm is proposed, i.e. a non-linear QR-LMS fast algorithm for narrow-band interference suppression based on QR decomposition. The proposed algorithm has a complexity remarkably lower than the conventional ones while its performance is equivalent to the least square algorithm based on QR decomposition.
For the asynchronous CDMA system over the frequency selective fading channel, the thesis proposes a blind algorithm of interference suppression based on MMSE criterion, moreover, has deduced a close expression of the filter weights in which both the ISI and MAI are takes into consideration. Furthermore, an effective narrow interference excising method is formed by approaching the expression with subspace decomposition combined with a robust subspace tracking based on project approaching.
For the case of the multiple independent narrowband interferences appear in the spread spectrum system, the independent component analysis model is introduced and a corresponding method of narrowband interferences suppression is proposed. The proposed method takes the canonical correlation in the reproduced Hilbert space as the contrast function, and introduces the kernel method into the canonical correlation. The sources are separated with the interferences by maximizing the contrast function, so that the interference suppression is realized.
For the case of the multiple narrowband interferences with unknown models exist in the system, a blind suppression algorithm based on the generalized side-lobe canceller is proposed. Through adding a linear constraint such as the signature of the desired user on the interference suppression filter, the filter weights update only in the subspace orthogonal to the constraint matrix. The filter can effectively suppress the narrow-band interferences while keep the desired signal unchanged. Besides, another novel algorithm to suppress narrow interferences in the frequency domain is proposed, which is realized by reconstructing the signal with the hard limited magnitude spectrum of the received signal combined with its original phase spectrum. The algorithm can not only improve the signal/interference ratio remarkably but also be applied to the case that the bandwidth of the interference is wider than that of the conventional.
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[1]Don Torrieri,Principles of spread-spectrum communication systems, Springer,2005.
[2]R.L.Pickholtz,D.L.Schilling and L.B.Milstein,Theory of spread spectrum communications-a tutorial,IEEE Trans on Com,May,1982,Vol.30(5):855-884.
[3]Kamil Sh.Zigangirov,Theory of code division multiple access communication,John Wiley & Sons,2004.
[4]Rahul Singh,Laurence B.Milstein,Adaptive interference suppression for DS-CDMA,IEEE Trans.On Communications,Dec.2002,Vol.50(12):1902-1905.
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