OFDM信道盲估计方法研究
|
摘要
正交频分复用（OFDM）系统,广泛应用于无线通信系统中，由于它具有频带利用率高、抗多径干扰能力强等特点，用于数字音频广播（DAB）、数字视频广播（DVB）、非对称数字用户线（ADSL）,以及无线本地环路(WLAN)和第四代移动通信。在OFDM通信系统中，无线信道具有时变性，存在多径干扰和频率选择性衰落，若系统采用差分调制，接收端不需要跟踪估计时变信道，但存在着3db的信噪比损失；采用相干调制，系统可以采用任意星座点信号调制，接收端要准确地恢复发送信号，就要求估计出信道传输特性。本文研究了OFDM通信系统的信道估计方法，主要的工作如下：
(1)对于循环前缀的正交频分复用（CP-OFDM）通信系统,针对信道的传输矩阵可以分解为延时矩阵和幅度矢量的乘积，提出了采用投影子空间跟踪（PAST）算法估计延时矩阵，基于LMS自适应算法估计幅度矢量，从而实现了利用导频信号对信道矩阵的自适应估计。同时，本文还提出了将Kalma n算法用于信道估计，用导频信号获得的信道估计作为迭代算法的初始值，运用已解调的数据和新接收的信号自适应更新Kalma n算法系数，实现了对实际信道特性的自适应跟踪估计，提高了跟踪能力。文中还提出了采用余弦变换处理导频信号的信道最小二乘估计结果，进一步提高信道估计的精度，抑制干扰的影响。
(2)对于置零OFDM(ZP-OFDM)系统，对接收数据矩阵采用子空间分解获得噪声子空间矢量，由噪声子空间矢量构成Hankel矩阵，各个矢量对应的Hankel矩阵积，然后求和形成新矩阵W,W矩阵的最小奇异值对应的矢量与信道冲击响应成比例。提出了基于RLS和LMS算法对接收数据矩阵实现在线自适应噪声子空间分解，采用迭代算法实现信道特性的自适应盲估计；解决了信道盲估计的模糊系数的确定问题，通过计算机仿真，验证了算法实现的可行性。
(3)本文还提出了将独立分量分析(ICA)算法运用到CP-OFDM系统的信号盲分离。直接对接收信号矩阵作白化处理，运用CP-OFDM信道矩阵的卷积结构特征，对接收信号矩阵作循环移位处理，通过ICA迭代算法，求非线性代价函数的最小值来实现信号的盲分离。算法中还采用归一化处理，克服了ICA盲算法中存在的模糊系数问题。
(4)在静态信道情况下，对OFDM通信系统的误码率作了数学分析；还分析了OFDM通信系统，数据采用DPSK调制，存在多普勒频移的衰落信道下，系统的误码率表达式；同时，本文提出了运用数学方法估算MIMO-OFDM系统采用格形码调制下的系统误码率。对系统在慢衰落和瑞利衰落信道情况下的误码率作了计算机仿真。
Orithogona l frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is becoming widely appliedin wireless communication system due to its high rate transmission capability withhigh bandwidth efficiency and its robustness with regard to multi-path fading.It hasbeen used in digital audio broadcasting (DAB) system.d igita l video broadcasting(DVB) system,d igital subscriber line (DSL) standards,a nd wireless LAN standardssuch as European equiva lent HIPRLAN/2.It has also been proposed as the coretechnique for the fourth-generation (4G) wireless mobile communications.
The use of differentia l phase-shift keying (DPSK) in OFDM system avoids needto track a time varying channel;it limits the number of bits per symbol and results in a3 db loss in signa l-to-noise ratio (SNR),coherent modulation allows arbitrary signa lconstellations,but efficient channel estimation strategies were required for coherentdetection and decoding. The channel estimation meathods for OFDM system aredicussed. The ma in contents are summa rized as follows:
1）The first part of the thesis focuses on the algorithms for channel estimationbased on comb-type pilot in the cyclic prefixing (CP) OFDM system,the channelmatrix can be resolved for postpone matrix and range vector of product,the projectionapproxima tion subspace tracking (PAST) algorithms is introduced to estimationpostpone matrix,the least minimum square (LMS) algorathm is used to estimate rangevector,the channel matrix that corresponde to the pilot signa l frequency channelrespondence is carried out,then,interpolation is used to estimate other carrier wavefrequency channel respondence.Moreover,this text returns kalma n algorithm used forthe channel estimation and used to lead pilot signa l acquires of the channel estimationis the initia l value of the kalma n iterative algorithm ,usege decoded data and latelyreceivedsigna l from orientation renewa l kalma n coefficient,rea lization to actualchannel respondence.
2）For place zero OFDM (ZP-OFDM) system,to receive the data matrix adoptionsubspace the decomposition acquire a noise subspace vector,from noise subspace vector constitute Hankel matrix , the sum of the each vector correspond ing Hankelmatrix inner product is formated the new matrix W,the minimum and strange value ofW matrix corresponde to vector is direct ratio channel impact respondence.Studiedapplied recursive least squares (RLS) and LMS in the mea ntime the algorithmresolves towards receiving data matrix to carry out on-line from orientation noisesubspace and adopt iterative algorithm carry out the channel respondence of thechannel blind estimatio n;still discussed the misty coefficient of channel blindestimation is really detemined,imitates through computer and verifies the possibility ofalgorithm realization.
3）The independent component analysis(ICA) algorithm is made use to the blindsigna l separation of CP-OFDM system,the receiving signa l matrix is directly madewhite processing,pass ICA iterative agorithm,seek ing the mnimum value of thenonlinearity price function carried out the blind separation of signa l.still discussed inthe mea ntime content of the usage CP-OFDM channel matrix a convolution structurecharacteristic and circulates to move a processing towards receiving signa lmatrix,usa ge ICA algorithm carry out the blind separation of signa l.A norma lizationprocessing is adopted to overcome the misty coefficient problem in the blind algorithm.
4）At the flat fading channel under the circumsta nce,the bit error rate(BER) ofOFDM system was made mathematics analysis;still discussed OFDM correspondencesystem,adopt DPSK to modulate over the frequency-selective channel due to theDoppler spreading,deduced the BER of system expression;In the mea ntime, the BERof MIMO-OFDM system adopted the trellis-coded modulation(TCM) is studied.TheBER of system over the flat-fading and rayleigh-fading channels is simulated.
(1)对于循环前缀的正交频分复用（CP-OFDM）通信系统,针对信道的传输矩阵可以分解为延时矩阵和幅度矢量的乘积，提出了采用投影子空间跟踪（PAST）算法估计延时矩阵，基于LMS自适应算法估计幅度矢量，从而实现了利用导频信号对信道矩阵的自适应估计。同时，本文还提出了将Kalma n算法用于信道估计，用导频信号获得的信道估计作为迭代算法的初始值，运用已解调的数据和新接收的信号自适应更新Kalma n算法系数，实现了对实际信道特性的自适应跟踪估计，提高了跟踪能力。文中还提出了采用余弦变换处理导频信号的信道最小二乘估计结果，进一步提高信道估计的精度，抑制干扰的影响。
(2)对于置零OFDM(ZP-OFDM)系统，对接收数据矩阵采用子空间分解获得噪声子空间矢量，由噪声子空间矢量构成Hankel矩阵，各个矢量对应的Hankel矩阵积，然后求和形成新矩阵W,W矩阵的最小奇异值对应的矢量与信道冲击响应成比例。提出了基于RLS和LMS算法对接收数据矩阵实现在线自适应噪声子空间分解，采用迭代算法实现信道特性的自适应盲估计；解决了信道盲估计的模糊系数的确定问题，通过计算机仿真，验证了算法实现的可行性。
(3)本文还提出了将独立分量分析(ICA)算法运用到CP-OFDM系统的信号盲分离。直接对接收信号矩阵作白化处理，运用CP-OFDM信道矩阵的卷积结构特征，对接收信号矩阵作循环移位处理，通过ICA迭代算法，求非线性代价函数的最小值来实现信号的盲分离。算法中还采用归一化处理，克服了ICA盲算法中存在的模糊系数问题。
(4)在静态信道情况下，对OFDM通信系统的误码率作了数学分析；还分析了OFDM通信系统，数据采用DPSK调制，存在多普勒频移的衰落信道下，系统的误码率表达式；同时，本文提出了运用数学方法估算MIMO-OFDM系统采用格形码调制下的系统误码率。对系统在慢衰落和瑞利衰落信道情况下的误码率作了计算机仿真。
Orithogona l frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is becoming widely appliedin wireless communication system due to its high rate transmission capability withhigh bandwidth efficiency and its robustness with regard to multi-path fading.It hasbeen used in digital audio broadcasting (DAB) system.d igita l video broadcasting(DVB) system,d igital subscriber line (DSL) standards,a nd wireless LAN standardssuch as European equiva lent HIPRLAN/2.It has also been proposed as the coretechnique for the fourth-generation (4G) wireless mobile communications.
The use of differentia l phase-shift keying (DPSK) in OFDM system avoids needto track a time varying channel;it limits the number of bits per symbol and results in a3 db loss in signa l-to-noise ratio (SNR),coherent modulation allows arbitrary signa lconstellations,but efficient channel estimation strategies were required for coherentdetection and decoding. The channel estimation meathods for OFDM system aredicussed. The ma in contents are summa rized as follows:
1）The first part of the thesis focuses on the algorithms for channel estimationbased on comb-type pilot in the cyclic prefixing (CP) OFDM system,the channelmatrix can be resolved for postpone matrix and range vector of product,the projectionapproxima tion subspace tracking (PAST) algorithms is introduced to estimationpostpone matrix,the least minimum square (LMS) algorathm is used to estimate rangevector,the channel matrix that corresponde to the pilot signa l frequency channelrespondence is carried out,then,interpolation is used to estimate other carrier wavefrequency channel respondence.Moreover,this text returns kalma n algorithm used forthe channel estimation and used to lead pilot signa l acquires of the channel estimationis the initia l value of the kalma n iterative algorithm ,usege decoded data and latelyreceivedsigna l from orientation renewa l kalma n coefficient,rea lization to actualchannel respondence.
2）For place zero OFDM (ZP-OFDM) system,to receive the data matrix adoptionsubspace the decomposition acquire a noise subspace vector,from noise subspace vector constitute Hankel matrix , the sum of the each vector correspond ing Hankelmatrix inner product is formated the new matrix W,the minimum and strange value ofW matrix corresponde to vector is direct ratio channel impact respondence.Studiedapplied recursive least squares (RLS) and LMS in the mea ntime the algorithmresolves towards receiving data matrix to carry out on-line from orientation noisesubspace and adopt iterative algorithm carry out the channel respondence of thechannel blind estimatio n;still discussed the misty coefficient of channel blindestimation is really detemined,imitates through computer and verifies the possibility ofalgorithm realization.
3）The independent component analysis(ICA) algorithm is made use to the blindsigna l separation of CP-OFDM system,the receiving signa l matrix is directly madewhite processing,pass ICA iterative agorithm,seek ing the mnimum value of thenonlinearity price function carried out the blind separation of signa l.still discussed inthe mea ntime content of the usage CP-OFDM channel matrix a convolution structurecharacteristic and circulates to move a processing towards receiving signa lmatrix,usa ge ICA algorithm carry out the blind separation of signa l.A norma lizationprocessing is adopted to overcome the misty coefficient problem in the blind algorithm.
4）At the flat fading channel under the circumsta nce,the bit error rate(BER) ofOFDM system was made mathematics analysis;still discussed OFDM correspondencesystem,adopt DPSK to modulate over the frequency-selective channel due to theDoppler spreading,deduced the BER of system expression;In the mea ntime, the BERof MIMO-OFDM system adopted the trellis-coded modulation(TCM) is studied.TheBER of system over the flat-fading and rayleigh-fading channels is simulated.
引文
[1] Osvaldo Simeone.Yeheskel Bar-Ness and Umberto Spagnolini“Pilot BasedChannel Estima tion for OFDM Systems by Tracking the Dela y-Subspace”[J].IEEE Transactions on Wireless communications, January 2004,3(1)：315-325.
[2] Meng Han Hsieh and Che-Howei“Channel Estima tion For OFDM system Basedon Comb-Type Pilot Arrangement in frequency Selective fading channels”[J]IEEE Transactions on consumer Electronics, February 1998，44（1）：217-225.
[3] Michele Morelli and Vmberto Mengali“A comparison of pilot-Aided channelEstima tion Methods for OFDM system”[J] IEEE Transactions on signa lprocessing，December 2001，49（12）：3065-3073.
[4] Xenofon G.Doukopoulos,Gerge V.Moustakides.“Adaptive Algorithms for BlindChannel Estima tion in OFDM System”[J].IEEE communications Society 20042377-2381.
[5] Ove Edfords.Magnus sandell,Ja n-Joap van de Beek,Sarah Kate wilson andperola Borjesson“OFDM channel estimation by singula r ValueDecomposition”[J] IEEE Transactions on Communica tions,J uly 1998，46（7）：931-938.
[6] Marco luise .Ruggero Reggiannini,a nd Giorgio M.vitetta“BlindEqualization/Detection for OFDM signa ls over Frequency-SelectiveChannel”[J].IEEE Journal on selected Area in communications，October1998，16（8）：1568-1578.
[7] Chengyang Li and sumit Roy“Subspace-Based Blind Channel Estima tion forOFDM by Exploting virtual carrier”[J] IEEE Transactions on wirelesscommunications，January 2003，2（1）：141-150.
[8] H.Liu,a nd G.Xu,“A deterministic approach to blind symbol estimation,”[J]IEEE SP Letters,Dec.1994:205-207.
[9] H.Liu, G.Xu,and L.Tong,“A deterministic approach to blind identifica tion ofmulticha nnel FIR systems,”[C] Proc,1994 IEEE ICASSP,Adela ide,Ma y 1994:581-584.
[10] E,Moulines,P.Duhamel,J.F.Cardoso,S.May rargue,“subspace methoda for theblind Identifica tion of Multicha nnel FIR Filter,”[J] IEEE Trans.on SP,Feb,1995:516-525.
[11] S.V.Schell and D.L.Smith,“Improved performa nce of blind equaliza tion usingprior knowledge of transmitter filter,”[C] Proc,1994 IEEE MILCOM,FortMonmouth,NJ,oct.1994: 858-862.
[12] J.Van de Beek,M.Sandell,a nd P.O.Borjesson,“ML estimation of time andfrequency offset in OFDM systems,”[J] IEEE Tran ,signa l processing, July1997,25: 1800-1805.
[13] L,Tong,G.Xu and T.Kaila th,“A new approach to blind identifica tion andequaliza tion of multipath channels,”[C] Proc,25th Asiloma r conf,1991: 856-860.
[14] X Cai and A.Akansu,“A subspace method for blind channel identifica tion inOFDM systems,”[C] Proc.Int.conf.commun, New orlea ns,LA,Jun 2000,2: 929-933.
[15] C Li and S.Roy,“subspace-based blind channel estimation for OFDM byexploiting virtual carriers,”[J] IEEE Trans.W ireless commun, Jan 2003,2(1):141-150.
[16] B,Muquet,M.de courville,a nd P.Duha mel,“subspace-based blind and semi-blindchannel estimation for OFDM systems”[J] IEEE,Trans.signa l Process,Jul.2002,50(7): 1699-1712.
[17] Peter Strobach.“Low—Rank Adaptive Filter”[J] IEEE Trans on signa lProcessing，Dec 1996，44（12）：2933-2947.
[18] A.Scaglione,G.B.Gia nnakis,a nd S.Barbarossa,“Redundant filter bank precodersand equalizers partⅡ:Blind channel estimation,synchronization,a nd directequaliza tion”[J] IEEE Trans.SP,Jul.1999,47: 1988-2006.
[19] D.N.Godard,“Self-recovering equaliza tion and carrier tracking in twodimensional data communication systems,”[J] Trans,on communications,COM-28.Nov,1980:1867-1875.
[20] D,H,Pha m and J,H,Manton,“A subspace algorithm for guard interval basedchannel indentifica tion and source recovery requiring just two receivedblock,”[C] Proc,of ICASSP,hong kong,china 2003: 317-320.
[21] B.Su and PP,vaidyanathan,“comments on performa nce analysis of adeterministic channel estimator for block transmission systems with mul guardintervals,”[J] IEEE Trans,on signa l processing ,2006,56(3): 1308-1309.
[22] James K,Paul Ho.“Analysis of the error performa nce of trellis-codedmodulations in Rayleigh-fading channels”[J] IEEE Trans.on.commun.1992,40:74-83.
[23] Frieder Samzi.Sven Jelting,a nd Joachim speidel“A comparative Study ofIterative channel Estima tor for Mobile OFDM system”[J] IEEE Transactions onwireless communication，september 2003，2（5）：849-859.
[24] Xiaobo zhou and xiaodong Wang“Channel Estima tion for OFDM system UsingAdaptive Radial Basis Function Networks”[J] IEEE Transactions onvehicularTechnology，January 2003，52（1）：48-59.
[25] Yong Zhe Xie and costas N,Georghiades“Two EM-Type channel Estima tionAlgorithms for OFDM with Transmitter Diversity”[J]. IEEE Transactions oncommunication,Ja nuary 2003,51(1):106-115.
[26] Yonghang Zong ang Tung-Sang Ng“A Semi-Blind Channel Estima tion Methodfor Multiuser Multia ntenna OFDM system”[J] IEEE Transactions on signa lprocessing，May 2004，52（5）：1419-1429.
[27] Donatella Darsena,Giacinto Gelli,luigi paura and Francesco verde“Widely-Linear Equalization and Blind channel Identifica tion for Interferencecontaminated Multicarrier system”[J] IEEE Transactions on signa l processing,March 2005，53（3）：1163-1177.
[28] Hakan A.Cirpan and Micha il K.Tsatsanis“Stochastic Maximum LikelihoodMethods for Semi-Blind Channel Estima tion”[J] IEEE signa l processing Letters,January 1998，5（1）：21-24.
[29]杨福生洪波独立分量分析的原理及应用[M]北京清华大学出版社2006.1.
[30]马建仓牛奕龙陈海洋盲信号处理[M]北京国防工业出版社2006.6.
[31]张发启张斌张喜斌.盲信号处理及应用[M]西安西安电子科大出版社2006.10.
[32] Andrze j clchock i shun-ichi Amara自适应盲信号与图像处理[M] (吴正国。唐劲松章林柯译)北京电子工业出版社2005.5.
[33] Bing Han,Xiq i Gao,Xiaohu You,Martin Weckerle“Joint Channel Estima tionand Symbol Detection for SFBC-OFDM system Via the EM algorithm”IEEECommunica tions Society，2004：3148-3152。
[34] K.D.DHARMAWANSA,R.M.A.P.RAJATHEVA,a nd Kazi M.Ahmed“ClosedForm Ber Expressions For BPSK OFDM System Over Frequency selectiveFading channels”[J]Appl.comput,Math, 2007,6(2):pp 227-235.
[35] Kwie Yuk Kuan.s suthaharan and A.Nalla nathan“All Adaptive channelEstima tion Schema for OFDM system with Transmitter Diversity”IEEEGLOBCOM pp 873-877 2003
[36]赵树杰赵建勋《信号检测与估计理论》[M]北京清华大学出版社2005,11 :307-323
[37] O.Simeone and U.Spagnolini“Adaptive pilot Pattern for OFDM system”[J]IEEE communications society 2004，978-982.
[38] Steven Thoen,Luc Deneire,Liesbet Van der Perre,Marc Engels and Hugo DeMan“Constrained Least squares Detection for OFDM/SDMA-Based wirelessNetworks”[J] IEEE Transactions on wireless communication，January 2003，2（1）：129-139.
[39] Baoguo Yang,Zhiga ng cao and Khaled Ben Letaief“Analysis of low-complexitywindowed DFT-Based MMSE channel Estima tor for OFDM system”[J] IEEETransactions communications，November 2001，49（11）：1977-1987.
[40] Chan-Ho.An,Seung-Hun Jang,J un-kyounglee et al“DFT-based channelEstima tion Using CIR Adaptation In OFDM Systems”Feb 12-14,2007|CACT2007:23-26.
[41] G.Charabopoulos.P.sta vroulakis.A.H.Aghvami“A Frequency Doma in NeuralNetwork Equalizer for OFDM”[G] IEEE GLOBECOM 2003: 571-575.
[42] P.Hoeher,S.Ka iser,a nd I.Robertson,“Two-dimensiona l pilot-symbol-a idedchannel estimation by wiener filtering,”[J] in Proc.Int.conf.Acoustics Speechand Signal Processing(ICASSP),1997:1845-1848
[43] J.-J.Van de Beek,O.Edfors,M.Sandell,S,K,W ilson,a nd P.O.Borjesson,“Onchannel estimation in OFDM system,”[J] in Proc.IEEE VTC’96,Nov.1996:815-819.
[44] O.Edfors,M.Sandell,J.va n de Beek ,S.K.Wilson,a nd P.O. Borjesson,“OFDMchannel estimation by singula r value decomposition,”[J] IEEETrans.Commun,July 1998.46:931-939.
[45] B.Yang,K.B.Leta ief,R,S.Cheng,and Z.Cao,“channel estimation for OFDMtransmission in multipath fading channels based on parametric channelmodeling,”[J] IEEE Trans.Commun ,Mar 2001.49:467-478.
[46] O.Simeone and U.Spagnolini,“Multi-slot estimation of space-time channel,”[J]in Proc .IEEE Int.Conf .Communica tions(ICC),May 2002.:802-806.
[47] P.Comon and G.H.Golub,“Tracking a few extreme singula r values and vector insigna l processing,”[J] in Proc .IEEE Aug 1990.78:1327-1343..
[48] Y.Li,L.J.Cimini,a nd N.R.Sollenberger“Robust channel estimation for OFDMsystem with rapid dispersive fading,”[J] IEEE Trans.commun . July1998.46:902-915.
[49]张贤达，信号处理中的线性代数[M]北京：科学出版社，1997：420—425。
[50] Xiaodong Wang ,H.vincent poor无线通信系统信号检测与处理技术[M]北京电子工业出版社2004.6.
[51] Bin Yang“Projection Approximation subspace Tracking”IEEE Transactions onsigna l processing，January 1995，43（1）：95-107.
[52] M.Morelli.L.Sa nguinetti.“Estima tion of channel statistics for Iterative Detectionof OFDM signa l”[J],IEEE communications society 2004 847-851.
[53] Michele Morelli and Vmberto Meugali“A comparision of pilot-Aided ChannelEstima tion Methods for OFDM system”[J] IEEE Trans on signal processing. vol49.No.12 pp 3065-3073 Dec 2001.
[54] Qihang GE Jia nhua and Shunlia ng MEI“A Novel Equalization Algorithm withMMSE channel Estima tion Based on Hadamard Transform”IEICE [J]Trans.commun, Nov 2003，E86-B(11):3322-3325.
[55] [日]谷荻隆嗣快速算法与并行处理[M]北京科学出版社，2003 :1-48。
[56] Lucia no sarperi, Xu Zhu and Asoke K.Nandi“Low-complexity ICA BasedBlind Multiple-Input Multiple-output OFDM Receivers”[C] preprint submittedto Elsevier science 24 october 2005 : 1-19.
[57] L.Rugini,P.Ba nelli and G.leus,“Block DFE and windowing for Doppley-a ffectedOFDM system”[J]IEEE signa l processing workshop on signa l processingAdvanced in wireless communications,SPAMC,June 2005 : 470-474.
[58] Andrej Stefanov,Duma n Tolga M.“Performa nce bounds for turbo-codedmultiple antenna systems”[J] IEEE J.select.Areas commun,2003, 21: 374-380.
[59] Ayman F Naguib and Vahid Tarokh,“A space—Time Coding Modem forHigh—Data—Rate Wireless Communica tion”,[J]IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun,Oct 1998,16:1459-1477.
[60] Andrej Stefanov and Tolga M.Duman,“Performa nce Bounds for Turbo—CodedMultiple Antenna Systems”,[J]IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.vol, Apr2003,21:374-380.
[61] Yi Gong and Khaled Ben leta ief,“Performa nce Evaluation and Analysis ofSpace—Time CodingIn Vnequalized Multipath Fading Links”,[J]IEEE Trans.onCommun,.Nov 2000,48:1778-1782.
[62] Yi Gong and Khaled Ben leta ief,“Concatenated Space—Time Block Codingwith Trellis Coded Modulation In Fading Channels”,[J]IEEE Trans on wirelesscommun,Oct.2002,1:580-590.
63] James k and Paul Ho,“Analysis of the Error Performa nce of Trellis—CodedModulations in Rayleigh—Fading Channels”,[J] IEEE Trans.on Commun,January 1992,40:74-83.
64] Paul Ho and Dominic K.P.Fung,“Error Performa nce of Interlea vedTrellis—Coded PSK Modulations in Correlated Rayleigh FadingChannels”,[J]IEEE Trans.on Commun, December 1992,40:1800-1809.
65] Vahid Tarokh and Nambi Seshadri and A.R.Calderbank,“Space—Time Codesfor High Data Rate Wireless Communica tion:Performance Criterion and CodeConstruction”,[J] IEEE Trans.on Inform.Theory, March 1998,44:744-765.
66] Aleksandar Jeremic,Timothy A.Thomas and Arye Nehorai.“OFDM channelEstima tion in the presence of Interference”[J] IEEE Transactions on signa lProcessing, December 2004 52(12):3429-3439.
67] Ki-Young Han,Sang-Wook Lee,Jun-Seok Lim and Koeng-MoSung“ChannelEstima tion for OFDM with Fast Fading Channels by Modified Kalma n Filter”[J]IEEE Transactions on consumer Electronics, May 2004 50(2):443-449.
68] Chandranath.R.N.Athaudage and A.Dha mmika S.Jayalath“Enhanced MMSEChannel Estima tion Using timing Error Statistics for Wireless OFDM system”[J]IEEE Transactions on broadcasting，December 2004 50（2）：369-376.
69] Baoguo yang ,Khaled Ben leta ief,Roger S.Cheng and Zhiga ng cao“ChannelEstima tion For OFDM Transmission in Multipath Fading channel Based onParametric channel Modeling”[J]IEEE Transactions on communications，March2001，49（3）：467-478.
70] Kyeong Jin Kim.J iang Yue,Rona ld A,Iltis and Jerry D.Gibson“A QRDM/Kalma n Filter-Based Detection and channel Estima tion Algorithm for MIMOOFDMsystem”[J] IEEE Transactions on wireless communications，March2005，4（2）：710-721.
71] Yang Seok Chi,Peter J.Voltz and Frank A.Cassara“On Channel Estima tion andDetection for Multicarrier Signal in fast and Selective Rayleigh fadingChannels”[J] IEEE Transactions on communications, August 2001，49（8）：1375-1387.
72] Luca Rugini.Paolo Banelli and Geert Leus“Simple Equalization of Timevaryingchannels for OFDM”[J] IEEE communications Letters，July 2005，9（7）：619-622.
73] Jim Goog Kim,Tae-Joon Kim,Jae-sea ng lee and Jong-Tae Lim“ChannelEstima tion for OFDM over fast Rayleigh fading channels”[J] Internationa lJournal of applied sience engineering and Technology，2007，4（1）：455-458.
74] Dieter Schafhuber and Gerald Matz“MMSE and Adaptive prediction of Tingvaryingchannels for OFDM system”[J] IEEE Transactions on wirelesscommunication , March 2005，4（2）：593-603.
75] C Ramesh and V.va idehi“IMM based Kalma n filter for channel Estima tion inMB OFDM system”[J] Internationa l Journal of signa l processing 2006，3（3）：158-163.
76]邹谋炎反卷积和信号复原[M]北京国防工业出版社2001.3
77]张贤达矩阵分析与应用[M]北京清华大学出版社2004.9.
78]张贤达保铮通信信号处理[M]北京国防工业出版社2001.12.
79]黄知涛周一宇姜文利循环平稳信号处理及应用[M]北京科学出版社2006.5.
80] Simon Haykin自适应滤波原理[M]第三版北京电子工业出版社1998.10.
81] Georgios B Giannakis,Yingbo Hua,petre stoica,La ng Tong无线通信与移动通信中信号处理研究的新进展[M] (刘郁林邵怀宗)译北京电子工业出版社2004 .6.
82] Willia m H,Tranter.K Sam shanmuga n,Theodore.S.Rappaport Kurt L Kosbar通信系统仿真原理与无线应用[M] (肖明波杨光松许芳席斌)译北京机械工业出版社2005.6.
83]邱天爽魏东兴唐洪张安清通信中的自适应信号处理[M]北京电子工业出版社2005.12.
84]焦李成慕彩红王伶通信中的智能信号处理[M]北京电子工业出版社2006.5.
85] Seung young Park,Yeun Gukim,a nd Chung Gu Kang“Iterative Receiver forJoint Detection and channel Estima tion in OFDM system Under Mobile Radiochannels”[J] IEEE Transactions onvehicular Technology , March 2004，53（2）: 450-460.
86] Selaka B.Bulumulla,Sa lcem A,Kassam,and Santosh S.Venkatesh“Asystema ticApproach to Detecting OFDM signa ls in a Fading channel”[J]. IEEETransactions communications,Ma y 2000,48(5):725-728.
87] N.K.Noodin.B.M.Ali.N.Isma il,a nd ss.Jamuar“Adaptive Techniques In OFDMMobile Radio Environment”[J] Internationa l Journal of Engineering andTechnolegy, 2004,1(2): 115-123.
88] Liang Yong-ming,Luo Han-Wen,Huang Jia n-guo“RLS Channel Estima tionWith adaptive forgetting factor in space-time coded MIMO-OFDMSystems”Liang et al/J Zhejia ng Univ SCIENCE A 2006,7(4): 507-515.
89] K Amleh.H.Li and R.Wang“Blind channel estimation,Eq ua liza tion and CRB forOFDM with unmodelled interference”[J] IET commun,2007,1(3):489-495.
90] Jao Cui,Chintha Tella mbura“Joint data Detection and Channel Estima tion forOFDM systems”[J] IEEE Transation on communications, April 2006,54(4): 670-679.
91] A.Jamoos.E.Grivel and M.Najim“Blind Adaptive Multi-User Detection forMulti-carrier DS-CDMA systems in Frequency selective Fading channels”[C]ICASSP 2005 :925-928.
92] Jonghun Park,Yusung Lee,and Hyuncheol Park“A NEW I/Q Imbanancecompensation scheme For OFDM system”ISBN 974-94418-9-3 2006 ECTI:133-136.
93] Imad Barhumi,GeertLeus and Marc Moonen“Equalization for OFDM OverDoubly Selective Channels”[J] IEEE Transation on signa l Processing ,April2006,54(4): 1445-1458.
[94] Matilde Sanchez-Fernandez,Mario de-prado-cumplido,Jeronimo Arenas-Garcriaetal“SVM Multiregression for non Linear Channel Estima tion in MIMOsystems”[J] IEEE Transaction on signa l processing.Month 2004 : 100-122.
[95] Richa rd K.Martin and C.Richard Johnson Jr“AdaptiveEqualization:Tra nsitioning from sigle-carrier to Multicarrier systems”[M] IEEEsigna l processing Magzine November 2005: 108-122.
[96] Lucia no sarperi,Asoke K.Nandi,Xu Zhu“Multiuser Detection and channelEstima tion in MIMO OFDM systems via Blind source seperation”[C] ICA2004,LNCS 3195: 1189-1196.
[97] Hao Wang,Ying Lin and Biao Chen“Data-Efficient Blind OFDM channelEstima tion Using Receiver Diversity”[J] IEEE Trans on signa l processing,october 2003 ,51(10): 2613-2623.
[98] Yue Rong,Sergiry A.virobyov and Alex B.Gershman“Adaptive OFDMTechniques with one-Bit-per-subcarrier channel-state Feedback”[J] IEEE Transon commun ,November 2006 ,54(11): 1993-2003.
[99] Dieter schafhuber,Gerald Matz and Franz Hlawatsch“Predictive Equalization ofTime-va rying channels For coded OFDM systems”in proc IEEE ICASSPorla ndo(FL),Ma y 2002: 2549-2552.
[100] Vineet srivasta va,chin Keong Ho,Patrick Ho et al“Robust MMSE channelEstima tion in OFDM systems with practica l Timing synchroniza tion”[J] IEEEcommunication society WCNC 2004 : 711-716.
[101] Luca Rugini,Paolo Banelli and Geert Leus“Simple Equalization of time-varyingchannels for OFDM”[J] IEEE communications Letters, July 2005 ,9(7): 619-621.
[102] Xiaoqia ng Ma,Hisashi Kobayashi and Stuart C.Schwartz“EM-Based channelEstima tion Algorithms for OFDM”[J] EVRASIP journal on Applied signa lprocessing 2004 : 1460-1477.
[103] Deepaknath Tandur and MARC Moonen“Joint compensation of OFDMFrequency-Selective Transmitter and Receiver IQ Imbalance”[J] EURASIPJournal on wireless communications and Networking volume 2007 : 1-10.
[104] Nicholas D,sid iropoulos.Georgios B.Gia makis et al“Blind PARAFAC Receiversfor DS-CDMA systems”[J] IEEE Transaction on signa l processing, March2000,48(3):810-823.
[105] Athanasios A.Rontogiamis,Kostas Berberidis and Alexa ndra Marava etal“Efficient semi-blind estimation of Multipath channel parameters via a dela ydecoupling optimization approach”[J] signa l processing 85(2005):2394-2411.
[106] M.R Raghavendra,S.Bhashyam,a nd K.Giridhar“Exploiting Hopping pilots forparametric channel Estima tion in OFDM systems”[J] IEEE signa l processing,November 2005 ,12(11):737-740.
[107] Marcello cicerone,Osva ldo sirneone and Umberto spagnolini“ChannelEstima tion for MIMO-OFDM systems by Modal Analysis/Filtering”[J] IEEETransactions on communications, November 2006,54(11): 2062-2074.
[108] Ye(Geoffrey)Li,Andreas F,Molisch and Jinyun zha ng“Practica l Approaches tochannel Estima tion and Interference suppression for OFDM-Based UWBcommunication”[J] IEEE Transactions on wireless communications ,september2006,5(9): 2317-2320.
[109] Wei Kang and Benoit champagne“Subspace-Based Blind channelsEstima tion:Genera liza tion and performa nce Analysis”[J] IEEE Transactions onsigna l processing , March 2005,53(3) 1151-1162.
[110] Som Kiat Lerkvaranyu and yoshikazu Miya naga“ML Detection with symbolEstima tion for nonlinear Distortion of OFDM signa l”[J] Transaction onEngineering,computing and Technology December 2004,2: 64-67.
[111] Pradya pornnimitkul,Suwich Kunaruttanapruk,Ba mrung Tau siesk ul etal“Channel Estima tion Based on URV Decomposition Technique for Uplink ofMC-CDMA”[J] Transaction on Engineering,computing and TechnologyDecember 2004 3: 117-120.
[112] Jin-Goog Kim,Tae-Joon Kim,Jae-sea ng Lee et al“Channel Estima tion ForOFDM over Fast Rayleigh Fading channels”[J] Internationa l Journal of Appliedscience,Engineering and Technology ,2007,4(1): 455-458.
[113] Lowe D,Huang X“Adaptive Low-complexity MMSE channel Estima tion forOFDM”[C] ISCIT,Ba ngkok.Thaila nd october 2006: 18-20.
[114] Domke Weikert,Christian Klunder,a nd vdozolzer“semi-blind Equalization ofwireless MIMO Frequency selective communication channels”[C] ICA 2006LNCS 3889,2006: 422-429.
[115] Shengli zhou,Baosheng Li and peter willett“Recursive and Trellis-basedFeedback Reduction for MIMO-OFDM with Rate-Limited Feedback”[J] IEEETransaction on wireless communication 2006: 1-7.
[116] Z.Ding and Y.Li, Bling Equalization and Identifica tion [M] MarcelDekker,Inc,2001.
[117] Y.Sato,“A method of self-recovering equaliza tion for multilevel amplitudemodulation”[J] IEEE Trans.on communication COM-23,June 1975: 679-682.
[118] O.Shalvi and E.Weistein,“New Criteria for blind deconvolution of nonminimumphase systems(cha nnels)”[J] IEEE Trans,Inform,Theory, Mar 1990,36:312-321.
[119] A.Benveniste,M.Goursat,and G.Ruget,“Robust identifica tion of a nonminimuphase system:blind adjustment of a linear equalizer in datacommunicationa,”[J]IEEE Trans on Automatic control, Jun 1980 :385-399.
[120] J.H Manton and W,D.Neuma nn,“Totally Blind channel Identifica tion byexploiting Guard Intervals,”[J] systems and control Letters, 2003 ,48(2): 113-119.
[121] Z.Ba i,J.Demmel,J.Dongrra,A.Ruhe,and H.Van DerVorst,Templa tes for thesolution of Algebra ic Eigenvalue problems:A practica l Guide SIAMPhiladelphia.2000.
[122] G.H.Golub and C.F.VanLoan,matrix computations,3 rd edn,The John HopkinsUniversity Press,1996.
[123] B.N.Parlett,The symmetric Eigenvalue problem Prentice-Hall,EnglewoodCliffs,NJ,1980.
[124] J.F.Yang and M.Kaveh,Adaptive Eigensubspace Algorithms for Direction orFrequency Estima tion and Tracking IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech andsigna l Processing ,Feb 1998 38(2):241-251.
[125] S.Barbarossa,A.Sca glione,a nd G.B.Giannakis Performa nce analysis of adeterministic channel estimator for block transmission system with null guadinterval, IEEE Trans.SP.Mar 2002 50:684-695.
[2] Meng Han Hsieh and Che-Howei“Channel Estima tion For OFDM system Basedon Comb-Type Pilot Arrangement in frequency Selective fading channels”[J]IEEE Transactions on consumer Electronics, February 1998，44（1）：217-225.
[3] Michele Morelli and Vmberto Mengali“A comparison of pilot-Aided channelEstima tion Methods for OFDM system”[J] IEEE Transactions on signa lprocessing，December 2001，49（12）：3065-3073.
[4] Xenofon G.Doukopoulos,Gerge V.Moustakides.“Adaptive Algorithms for BlindChannel Estima tion in OFDM System”[J].IEEE communications Society 20042377-2381.
[5] Ove Edfords.Magnus sandell,Ja n-Joap van de Beek,Sarah Kate wilson andperola Borjesson“OFDM channel estimation by singula r ValueDecomposition”[J] IEEE Transactions on Communica tions,J uly 1998，46（7）：931-938.
[6] Marco luise .Ruggero Reggiannini,a nd Giorgio M.vitetta“BlindEqualization/Detection for OFDM signa ls over Frequency-SelectiveChannel”[J].IEEE Journal on selected Area in communications，October1998，16（8）：1568-1578.
[7] Chengyang Li and sumit Roy“Subspace-Based Blind Channel Estima tion forOFDM by Exploting virtual carrier”[J] IEEE Transactions on wirelesscommunications，January 2003，2（1）：141-150.
[8] H.Liu,a nd G.Xu,“A deterministic approach to blind symbol estimation,”[J]IEEE SP Letters,Dec.1994:205-207.
[9] H.Liu, G.Xu,and L.Tong,“A deterministic approach to blind identifica tion ofmulticha nnel FIR systems,”[C] Proc,1994 IEEE ICASSP,Adela ide,Ma y 1994:581-584.
[10] E,Moulines,P.Duhamel,J.F.Cardoso,S.May rargue,“subspace methoda for theblind Identifica tion of Multicha nnel FIR Filter,”[J] IEEE Trans.on SP,Feb,1995:516-525.
[11] S.V.Schell and D.L.Smith,“Improved performa nce of blind equaliza tion usingprior knowledge of transmitter filter,”[C] Proc,1994 IEEE MILCOM,FortMonmouth,NJ,oct.1994: 858-862.
[12] J.Van de Beek,M.Sandell,a nd P.O.Borjesson,“ML estimation of time andfrequency offset in OFDM systems,”[J] IEEE Tran ,signa l processing, July1997,25: 1800-1805.
[13] L,Tong,G.Xu and T.Kaila th,“A new approach to blind identifica tion andequaliza tion of multipath channels,”[C] Proc,25th Asiloma r conf,1991: 856-860.
[14] X Cai and A.Akansu,“A subspace method for blind channel identifica tion inOFDM systems,”[C] Proc.Int.conf.commun, New orlea ns,LA,Jun 2000,2: 929-933.
[15] C Li and S.Roy,“subspace-based blind channel estimation for OFDM byexploiting virtual carriers,”[J] IEEE Trans.W ireless commun, Jan 2003,2(1):141-150.
[16] B,Muquet,M.de courville,a nd P.Duha mel,“subspace-based blind and semi-blindchannel estimation for OFDM systems”[J] IEEE,Trans.signa l Process,Jul.2002,50(7): 1699-1712.
[17] Peter Strobach.“Low—Rank Adaptive Filter”[J] IEEE Trans on signa lProcessing，Dec 1996，44（12）：2933-2947.
[18] A.Scaglione,G.B.Gia nnakis,a nd S.Barbarossa,“Redundant filter bank precodersand equalizers partⅡ:Blind channel estimation,synchronization,a nd directequaliza tion”[J] IEEE Trans.SP,Jul.1999,47: 1988-2006.
[19] D.N.Godard,“Self-recovering equaliza tion and carrier tracking in twodimensional data communication systems,”[J] Trans,on communications,COM-28.Nov,1980:1867-1875.
[20] D,H,Pha m and J,H,Manton,“A subspace algorithm for guard interval basedchannel indentifica tion and source recovery requiring just two receivedblock,”[C] Proc,of ICASSP,hong kong,china 2003: 317-320.
[21] B.Su and PP,vaidyanathan,“comments on performa nce analysis of adeterministic channel estimator for block transmission systems with mul guardintervals,”[J] IEEE Trans,on signa l processing ,2006,56(3): 1308-1309.
[22] James K,Paul Ho.“Analysis of the error performa nce of trellis-codedmodulations in Rayleigh-fading channels”[J] IEEE Trans.on.commun.1992,40:74-83.
[23] Frieder Samzi.Sven Jelting,a nd Joachim speidel“A comparative Study ofIterative channel Estima tor for Mobile OFDM system”[J] IEEE Transactions onwireless communication，september 2003，2（5）：849-859.
[24] Xiaobo zhou and xiaodong Wang“Channel Estima tion for OFDM system UsingAdaptive Radial Basis Function Networks”[J] IEEE Transactions onvehicularTechnology，January 2003，52（1）：48-59.
[25] Yong Zhe Xie and costas N,Georghiades“Two EM-Type channel Estima tionAlgorithms for OFDM with Transmitter Diversity”[J]. IEEE Transactions oncommunication,Ja nuary 2003,51(1):106-115.
[26] Yonghang Zong ang Tung-Sang Ng“A Semi-Blind Channel Estima tion Methodfor Multiuser Multia ntenna OFDM system”[J] IEEE Transactions on signa lprocessing，May 2004，52（5）：1419-1429.
[27] Donatella Darsena,Giacinto Gelli,luigi paura and Francesco verde“Widely-Linear Equalization and Blind channel Identifica tion for Interferencecontaminated Multicarrier system”[J] IEEE Transactions on signa l processing,March 2005，53（3）：1163-1177.
[28] Hakan A.Cirpan and Micha il K.Tsatsanis“Stochastic Maximum LikelihoodMethods for Semi-Blind Channel Estima tion”[J] IEEE signa l processing Letters,January 1998，5（1）：21-24.
[29]杨福生洪波独立分量分析的原理及应用[M]北京清华大学出版社2006.1.
[30]马建仓牛奕龙陈海洋盲信号处理[M]北京国防工业出版社2006.6.
[31]张发启张斌张喜斌.盲信号处理及应用[M]西安西安电子科大出版社2006.10.
[32] Andrze j clchock i shun-ichi Amara自适应盲信号与图像处理[M] (吴正国。唐劲松章林柯译)北京电子工业出版社2005.5.
[33] Bing Han,Xiq i Gao,Xiaohu You,Martin Weckerle“Joint Channel Estima tionand Symbol Detection for SFBC-OFDM system Via the EM algorithm”IEEECommunica tions Society，2004：3148-3152。
[34] K.D.DHARMAWANSA,R.M.A.P.RAJATHEVA,a nd Kazi M.Ahmed“ClosedForm Ber Expressions For BPSK OFDM System Over Frequency selectiveFading channels”[J]Appl.comput,Math, 2007,6(2):pp 227-235.
[35] Kwie Yuk Kuan.s suthaharan and A.Nalla nathan“All Adaptive channelEstima tion Schema for OFDM system with Transmitter Diversity”IEEEGLOBCOM pp 873-877 2003
[36]赵树杰赵建勋《信号检测与估计理论》[M]北京清华大学出版社2005,11 :307-323
[37] O.Simeone and U.Spagnolini“Adaptive pilot Pattern for OFDM system”[J]IEEE communications society 2004，978-982.
[38] Steven Thoen,Luc Deneire,Liesbet Van der Perre,Marc Engels and Hugo DeMan“Constrained Least squares Detection for OFDM/SDMA-Based wirelessNetworks”[J] IEEE Transactions on wireless communication，January 2003，2（1）：129-139.
[39] Baoguo Yang,Zhiga ng cao and Khaled Ben Letaief“Analysis of low-complexitywindowed DFT-Based MMSE channel Estima tor for OFDM system”[J] IEEETransactions communications，November 2001，49（11）：1977-1987.
[40] Chan-Ho.An,Seung-Hun Jang,J un-kyounglee et al“DFT-based channelEstima tion Using CIR Adaptation In OFDM Systems”Feb 12-14,2007|CACT2007:23-26.
[41] G.Charabopoulos.P.sta vroulakis.A.H.Aghvami“A Frequency Doma in NeuralNetwork Equalizer for OFDM”[G] IEEE GLOBECOM 2003: 571-575.
[42] P.Hoeher,S.Ka iser,a nd I.Robertson,“Two-dimensiona l pilot-symbol-a idedchannel estimation by wiener filtering,”[J] in Proc.Int.conf.Acoustics Speechand Signal Processing(ICASSP),1997:1845-1848
[43] J.-J.Van de Beek,O.Edfors,M.Sandell,S,K,W ilson,a nd P.O.Borjesson,“Onchannel estimation in OFDM system,”[J] in Proc.IEEE VTC’96,Nov.1996:815-819.
[44] O.Edfors,M.Sandell,J.va n de Beek ,S.K.Wilson,a nd P.O. Borjesson,“OFDMchannel estimation by singula r value decomposition,”[J] IEEETrans.Commun,July 1998.46:931-939.
[45] B.Yang,K.B.Leta ief,R,S.Cheng,and Z.Cao,“channel estimation for OFDMtransmission in multipath fading channels based on parametric channelmodeling,”[J] IEEE Trans.Commun ,Mar 2001.49:467-478.
[46] O.Simeone and U.Spagnolini,“Multi-slot estimation of space-time channel,”[J]in Proc .IEEE Int.Conf .Communica tions(ICC),May 2002.:802-806.
[47] P.Comon and G.H.Golub,“Tracking a few extreme singula r values and vector insigna l processing,”[J] in Proc .IEEE Aug 1990.78:1327-1343..
[48] Y.Li,L.J.Cimini,a nd N.R.Sollenberger“Robust channel estimation for OFDMsystem with rapid dispersive fading,”[J] IEEE Trans.commun . July1998.46:902-915.
[49]张贤达，信号处理中的线性代数[M]北京：科学出版社，1997：420—425。
[50] Xiaodong Wang ,H.vincent poor无线通信系统信号检测与处理技术[M]北京电子工业出版社2004.6.
[51] Bin Yang“Projection Approximation subspace Tracking”IEEE Transactions onsigna l processing，January 1995，43（1）：95-107.
[52] M.Morelli.L.Sa nguinetti.“Estima tion of channel statistics for Iterative Detectionof OFDM signa l”[J],IEEE communications society 2004 847-851.
[53] Michele Morelli and Vmberto Meugali“A comparision of pilot-Aided ChannelEstima tion Methods for OFDM system”[J] IEEE Trans on signal processing. vol49.No.12 pp 3065-3073 Dec 2001.
[54] Qihang GE Jia nhua and Shunlia ng MEI“A Novel Equalization Algorithm withMMSE channel Estima tion Based on Hadamard Transform”IEICE [J]Trans.commun, Nov 2003，E86-B(11):3322-3325.
[55] [日]谷荻隆嗣快速算法与并行处理[M]北京科学出版社，2003 :1-48。
[56] Lucia no sarperi, Xu Zhu and Asoke K.Nandi“Low-complexity ICA BasedBlind Multiple-Input Multiple-output OFDM Receivers”[C] preprint submittedto Elsevier science 24 october 2005 : 1-19.
[57] L.Rugini,P.Ba nelli and G.leus,“Block DFE and windowing for Doppley-a ffectedOFDM system”[J]IEEE signa l processing workshop on signa l processingAdvanced in wireless communications,SPAMC,June 2005 : 470-474.
[58] Andrej Stefanov,Duma n Tolga M.“Performa nce bounds for turbo-codedmultiple antenna systems”[J] IEEE J.select.Areas commun,2003, 21: 374-380.
[59] Ayman F Naguib and Vahid Tarokh,“A space—Time Coding Modem forHigh—Data—Rate Wireless Communica tion”,[J]IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun,Oct 1998,16:1459-1477.
[60] Andrej Stefanov and Tolga M.Duman,“Performa nce Bounds for Turbo—CodedMultiple Antenna Systems”,[J]IEEE J.Select.Areas Commun.vol, Apr2003,21:374-380.
[61] Yi Gong and Khaled Ben leta ief,“Performa nce Evaluation and Analysis ofSpace—Time CodingIn Vnequalized Multipath Fading Links”,[J]IEEE Trans.onCommun,.Nov 2000,48:1778-1782.
[62] Yi Gong and Khaled Ben leta ief,“Concatenated Space—Time Block Codingwith Trellis Coded Modulation In Fading Channels”,[J]IEEE Trans on wirelesscommun,Oct.2002,1:580-590.
63] James k and Paul Ho,“Analysis of the Error Performa nce of Trellis—CodedModulations in Rayleigh—Fading Channels”,[J] IEEE Trans.on Commun,January 1992,40:74-83.
64] Paul Ho and Dominic K.P.Fung,“Error Performa nce of Interlea vedTrellis—Coded PSK Modulations in Correlated Rayleigh FadingChannels”,[J]IEEE Trans.on Commun, December 1992,40:1800-1809.
65] Vahid Tarokh and Nambi Seshadri and A.R.Calderbank,“Space—Time Codesfor High Data Rate Wireless Communica tion:Performance Criterion and CodeConstruction”,[J] IEEE Trans.on Inform.Theory, March 1998,44:744-765.
66] Aleksandar Jeremic,Timothy A.Thomas and Arye Nehorai.“OFDM channelEstima tion in the presence of Interference”[J] IEEE Transactions on signa lProcessing, December 2004 52(12):3429-3439.
67] Ki-Young Han,Sang-Wook Lee,Jun-Seok Lim and Koeng-MoSung“ChannelEstima tion for OFDM with Fast Fading Channels by Modified Kalma n Filter”[J]IEEE Transactions on consumer Electronics, May 2004 50(2):443-449.
68] Chandranath.R.N.Athaudage and A.Dha mmika S.Jayalath“Enhanced MMSEChannel Estima tion Using timing Error Statistics for Wireless OFDM system”[J]IEEE Transactions on broadcasting，December 2004 50（2）：369-376.
69] Baoguo yang ,Khaled Ben leta ief,Roger S.Cheng and Zhiga ng cao“ChannelEstima tion For OFDM Transmission in Multipath Fading channel Based onParametric channel Modeling”[J]IEEE Transactions on communications，March2001，49（3）：467-478.
70] Kyeong Jin Kim.J iang Yue,Rona ld A,Iltis and Jerry D.Gibson“A QRDM/Kalma n Filter-Based Detection and channel Estima tion Algorithm for MIMOOFDMsystem”[J] IEEE Transactions on wireless communications，March2005，4（2）：710-721.
71] Yang Seok Chi,Peter J.Voltz and Frank A.Cassara“On Channel Estima tion andDetection for Multicarrier Signal in fast and Selective Rayleigh fadingChannels”[J] IEEE Transactions on communications, August 2001，49（8）：1375-1387.
72] Luca Rugini.Paolo Banelli and Geert Leus“Simple Equalization of Timevaryingchannels for OFDM”[J] IEEE communications Letters，July 2005，9（7）：619-622.
73] Jim Goog Kim,Tae-Joon Kim,Jae-sea ng lee and Jong-Tae Lim“ChannelEstima tion for OFDM over fast Rayleigh fading channels”[J] Internationa lJournal of applied sience engineering and Technology，2007，4（1）：455-458.
74] Dieter Schafhuber and Gerald Matz“MMSE and Adaptive prediction of Tingvaryingchannels for OFDM system”[J] IEEE Transactions on wirelesscommunication , March 2005，4（2）：593-603.
75] C Ramesh and V.va idehi“IMM based Kalma n filter for channel Estima tion inMB OFDM system”[J] Internationa l Journal of signa l processing 2006，3（3）：158-163.
76]邹谋炎反卷积和信号复原[M]北京国防工业出版社2001.3
77]张贤达矩阵分析与应用[M]北京清华大学出版社2004.9.
78]张贤达保铮通信信号处理[M]北京国防工业出版社2001.12.
79]黄知涛周一宇姜文利循环平稳信号处理及应用[M]北京科学出版社2006.5.
80] Simon Haykin自适应滤波原理[M]第三版北京电子工业出版社1998.10.
81] Georgios B Giannakis,Yingbo Hua,petre stoica,La ng Tong无线通信与移动通信中信号处理研究的新进展[M] (刘郁林邵怀宗)译北京电子工业出版社2004 .6.
82] Willia m H,Tranter.K Sam shanmuga n,Theodore.S.Rappaport Kurt L Kosbar通信系统仿真原理与无线应用[M] (肖明波杨光松许芳席斌)译北京机械工业出版社2005.6.
83]邱天爽魏东兴唐洪张安清通信中的自适应信号处理[M]北京电子工业出版社2005.12.
84]焦李成慕彩红王伶通信中的智能信号处理[M]北京电子工业出版社2006.5.
85] Seung young Park,Yeun Gukim,a nd Chung Gu Kang“Iterative Receiver forJoint Detection and channel Estima tion in OFDM system Under Mobile Radiochannels”[J] IEEE Transactions onvehicular Technology , March 2004，53（2）: 450-460.
86] Selaka B.Bulumulla,Sa lcem A,Kassam,and Santosh S.Venkatesh“Asystema ticApproach to Detecting OFDM signa ls in a Fading channel”[J]. IEEETransactions communications,Ma y 2000,48(5):725-728.
87] N.K.Noodin.B.M.Ali.N.Isma il,a nd ss.Jamuar“Adaptive Techniques In OFDMMobile Radio Environment”[J] Internationa l Journal of Engineering andTechnolegy, 2004,1(2): 115-123.
88] Liang Yong-ming,Luo Han-Wen,Huang Jia n-guo“RLS Channel Estima tionWith adaptive forgetting factor in space-time coded MIMO-OFDMSystems”Liang et al/J Zhejia ng Univ SCIENCE A 2006,7(4): 507-515.
89] K Amleh.H.Li and R.Wang“Blind channel estimation,Eq ua liza tion and CRB forOFDM with unmodelled interference”[J] IET commun,2007,1(3):489-495.
90] Jao Cui,Chintha Tella mbura“Joint data Detection and Channel Estima tion forOFDM systems”[J] IEEE Transation on communications, April 2006,54(4): 670-679.
91] A.Jamoos.E.Grivel and M.Najim“Blind Adaptive Multi-User Detection forMulti-carrier DS-CDMA systems in Frequency selective Fading channels”[C]ICASSP 2005 :925-928.
92] Jonghun Park,Yusung Lee,and Hyuncheol Park“A NEW I/Q Imbanancecompensation scheme For OFDM system”ISBN 974-94418-9-3 2006 ECTI:133-136.
93] Imad Barhumi,GeertLeus and Marc Moonen“Equalization for OFDM OverDoubly Selective Channels”[J] IEEE Transation on signa l Processing ,April2006,54(4): 1445-1458.
[94] Matilde Sanchez-Fernandez,Mario de-prado-cumplido,Jeronimo Arenas-Garcriaetal“SVM Multiregression for non Linear Channel Estima tion in MIMOsystems”[J] IEEE Transaction on signa l processing.Month 2004 : 100-122.
[95] Richa rd K.Martin and C.Richard Johnson Jr“AdaptiveEqualization:Tra nsitioning from sigle-carrier to Multicarrier systems”[M] IEEEsigna l processing Magzine November 2005: 108-122.
[96] Lucia no sarperi,Asoke K.Nandi,Xu Zhu“Multiuser Detection and channelEstima tion in MIMO OFDM systems via Blind source seperation”[C] ICA2004,LNCS 3195: 1189-1196.
[97] Hao Wang,Ying Lin and Biao Chen“Data-Efficient Blind OFDM channelEstima tion Using Receiver Diversity”[J] IEEE Trans on signa l processing,october 2003 ,51(10): 2613-2623.
[98] Yue Rong,Sergiry A.virobyov and Alex B.Gershman“Adaptive OFDMTechniques with one-Bit-per-subcarrier channel-state Feedback”[J] IEEE Transon commun ,November 2006 ,54(11): 1993-2003.
[99] Dieter schafhuber,Gerald Matz and Franz Hlawatsch“Predictive Equalization ofTime-va rying channels For coded OFDM systems”in proc IEEE ICASSPorla ndo(FL),Ma y 2002: 2549-2552.
[100] Vineet srivasta va,chin Keong Ho,Patrick Ho et al“Robust MMSE channelEstima tion in OFDM systems with practica l Timing synchroniza tion”[J] IEEEcommunication society WCNC 2004 : 711-716.
[101] Luca Rugini,Paolo Banelli and Geert Leus“Simple Equalization of time-varyingchannels for OFDM”[J] IEEE communications Letters, July 2005 ,9(7): 619-621.
[102] Xiaoqia ng Ma,Hisashi Kobayashi and Stuart C.Schwartz“EM-Based channelEstima tion Algorithms for OFDM”[J] EVRASIP journal on Applied signa lprocessing 2004 : 1460-1477.
[103] Deepaknath Tandur and MARC Moonen“Joint compensation of OFDMFrequency-Selective Transmitter and Receiver IQ Imbalance”[J] EURASIPJournal on wireless communications and Networking volume 2007 : 1-10.
[104] Nicholas D,sid iropoulos.Georgios B.Gia makis et al“Blind PARAFAC Receiversfor DS-CDMA systems”[J] IEEE Transaction on signa l processing, March2000,48(3):810-823.
[105] Athanasios A.Rontogiamis,Kostas Berberidis and Alexa ndra Marava etal“Efficient semi-blind estimation of Multipath channel parameters via a dela ydecoupling optimization approach”[J] signa l processing 85(2005):2394-2411.
[106] M.R Raghavendra,S.Bhashyam,a nd K.Giridhar“Exploiting Hopping pilots forparametric channel Estima tion in OFDM systems”[J] IEEE signa l processing,November 2005 ,12(11):737-740.
[107] Marcello cicerone,Osva ldo sirneone and Umberto spagnolini“ChannelEstima tion for MIMO-OFDM systems by Modal Analysis/Filtering”[J] IEEETransactions on communications, November 2006,54(11): 2062-2074.
[108] Ye(Geoffrey)Li,Andreas F,Molisch and Jinyun zha ng“Practica l Approaches tochannel Estima tion and Interference suppression for OFDM-Based UWBcommunication”[J] IEEE Transactions on wireless communications ,september2006,5(9): 2317-2320.
[109] Wei Kang and Benoit champagne“Subspace-Based Blind channelsEstima tion:Genera liza tion and performa nce Analysis”[J] IEEE Transactions onsigna l processing , March 2005,53(3) 1151-1162.
[110] Som Kiat Lerkvaranyu and yoshikazu Miya naga“ML Detection with symbolEstima tion for nonlinear Distortion of OFDM signa l”[J] Transaction onEngineering,computing and Technology December 2004,2: 64-67.
[111] Pradya pornnimitkul,Suwich Kunaruttanapruk,Ba mrung Tau siesk ul etal“Channel Estima tion Based on URV Decomposition Technique for Uplink ofMC-CDMA”[J] Transaction on Engineering,computing and TechnologyDecember 2004 3: 117-120.
[112] Jin-Goog Kim,Tae-Joon Kim,Jae-sea ng Lee et al“Channel Estima tion ForOFDM over Fast Rayleigh Fading channels”[J] Internationa l Journal of Appliedscience,Engineering and Technology ,2007,4(1): 455-458.
[113] Lowe D,Huang X“Adaptive Low-complexity MMSE channel Estima tion forOFDM”[C] ISCIT,Ba ngkok.Thaila nd october 2006: 18-20.
[114] Domke Weikert,Christian Klunder,a nd vdozolzer“semi-blind Equalization ofwireless MIMO Frequency selective communication channels”[C] ICA 2006LNCS 3889,2006: 422-429.
[115] Shengli zhou,Baosheng Li and peter willett“Recursive and Trellis-basedFeedback Reduction for MIMO-OFDM with Rate-Limited Feedback”[J] IEEETransaction on wireless communication 2006: 1-7.
[116] Z.Ding and Y.Li, Bling Equalization and Identifica tion [M] MarcelDekker,Inc,2001.
[117] Y.Sato,“A method of self-recovering equaliza tion for multilevel amplitudemodulation”[J] IEEE Trans.on communication COM-23,June 1975: 679-682.
[118] O.Shalvi and E.Weistein,“New Criteria for blind deconvolution of nonminimumphase systems(cha nnels)”[J] IEEE Trans,Inform,Theory, Mar 1990,36:312-321.
[119] A.Benveniste,M.Goursat,and G.Ruget,“Robust identifica tion of a nonminimuphase system:blind adjustment of a linear equalizer in datacommunicationa,”[J]IEEE Trans on Automatic control, Jun 1980 :385-399.
[120] J.H Manton and W,D.Neuma nn,“Totally Blind channel Identifica tion byexploiting Guard Intervals,”[J] systems and control Letters, 2003 ,48(2): 113-119.
[121] Z.Ba i,J.Demmel,J.Dongrra,A.Ruhe,and H.Van DerVorst,Templa tes for thesolution of Algebra ic Eigenvalue problems:A practica l Guide SIAMPhiladelphia.2000.
[122] G.H.Golub and C.F.VanLoan,matrix computations,3 rd edn,The John HopkinsUniversity Press,1996.
[123] B.N.Parlett,The symmetric Eigenvalue problem Prentice-Hall,EnglewoodCliffs,NJ,1980.
[124] J.F.Yang and M.Kaveh,Adaptive Eigensubspace Algorithms for Direction orFrequency Estima tion and Tracking IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech andsigna l Processing ,Feb 1998 38(2):241-251.
[125] S.Barbarossa,A.Sca glione,a nd G.B.Giannakis Performa nce analysis of adeterministic channel estimator for block transmission system with null guadinterval, IEEE Trans.SP.Mar 2002 50:684-695.