复合高铁酸盐处理焦化废水的研究
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摘要
本文以复合高铁酸盐作为混凝剂和氧化剂，对焦化废水中CODcr、NH_3-N、酚、色度、
浊度等脱除效果进行研究，并对影响高铁酸盐氧化、絮凝的环境条件进行了较全面的考
察，分析了各种因素对上述污染物指标去除率的影响。通过对高铁酸钾制备方法的改进，
以复合高铁酸盐溶液代替纯的高铁酸钾晶体作为水处理剂，并采用紫外-可见分光光度
法和循环伏安法研究了高铁水溶液的稳定性。试验研究表明：（1）用复合高铁酸盐溶
液代替纯高铁酸钾晶体作为混凝剂，不仅可大大降低混凝剂处理焦化废水的成本，而且
能保证一定的高铁有效浓度；（2）通过在复合高铁酸盐溶液中添加一种稳定助剂A，
高铁的稳定性得到很大提高，且不会影响高铁的氧化、混凝效能，对于相同初始浓度的
复合高铁酸盐溶液，当质量百分比浓度为10％的稳定助剂A的加入比例为1:10（V:V）
时，当放置时间为200hr时高铁分解率可由84％降至40.2％，稳定性提高了50％；（3）
对于初始CODcr=159.85mg/L，pH=6.86，T=25.4℃的焦化废水系统排放水，当废水中
CFeO_4~(2-)=5.68mg/L时，CODcr脱除率可达49.21％，此时pH=12.49；当调节pH使废水的
pH=7左右时，CODcr脱除率可达58.54％；（4）用复合高铁酸盐对氨氮不能达标的焦化
废水系统排放水（氨氮浓度≤2.706mg/L）进行深度处理时，氨氮脱除率可以达到98％
以上，处理后废水的氨氮浓度仅为0.0345mg/L，远低于国家排放标准，与投加其它类型
混凝剂（如聚铁、聚铝加聚丙烯酰胺等）作为废水的三级处理方法相比，不仅药剂的投
加量小，而且处理效果更加优异，处理成本也基本相当，并且不会产生二次污染，作为
焦化废水的深度处理无疑具有重要的应用推广意义；（5）当用复合高铁酸盐处理高氨
氮浓度的焦化废水（氨氮浓度≈2935.5mg/L）时，氨氮脱除率可达56％左右；处理后的
废水中NH_3-N浓度基本可满足生化处理对氨氮的要求，作为生化处理前废水的预处理与
传统的蒸氨工艺相比，该方法设备投资少，处理工艺更加简便，如果高铁的生产成本能
进一步降低，可有望取代现有的蒸氨工艺；（6）复合高铁酸盐被用于处理原水色度为
250，CODcr≈150mg/L的焦化废水时，当废水中高铁浓度为1.73mg/L，pH=6.17时，色
度脱除率可达76.41％；pH=7.3时，脱色率为73.47％，脱色后的废水无色无刺激气味，
色度指标优于国家废水排放标准，复合高铁酸盐作为一种理想的环保型水处理剂，应用
广西大学硕士毕业论文：复合高铁酸盐处理焦化废水的研究
于饮用水或工业废水处理时，－显示了优良的氧化和絮凝、凝聚效能，”且其分解产物为
Fe’”和内）。，不仅具有电中和和吸附架桥作用，Fe’”对于 A／0法生物处理阶段还是一
种不可或缺的元素；（7）通过与四种聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂处理的比较研究可知，当用复合
高铁酸盐处理焦化废水时，其主要处理技术指标（如加人量、色度脱除率、剩余浊度等）
均优于其它三种聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂，并且所形成的絮凝体颗粒小，数量少，沉降速度快，
是一种新型、优良、实用的水处理剂。
STUDY ON THE COKING WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY USING COMBINED FERRATE
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the combined ferrate was used for the treatment of cocking wastewater as a flocculant and oxidant. The removal efficiency of CODcr, NHs-N, hydroxybenzene, chroma and turbidity were studied. Environmental conditions were investigated systematically, and all the effects on the contamination removal at different environmental conditions were analyzed. An improvement was adopted in the preparation of potassium ferrate and the combined ferrate was applied as a flocculant. The stability of the combined ferrate solution was analyzed by using the UV- Visible Spectrophotometer and the Cyclic Voltammograms. The experimental results showed that: (1) The cost of the treatment of cocking wastewater would decrease by use of the combined ferrate instead of the pure potassium ferrate as a flocculant, and the efficient concentration of Fe2O42" could also be kept at a certain degree more than that needed. (2) To the same initiative concentration of combined ferrate solutions, the stability of Fe2O42" could be improved at 50% level when a certain kind of additive (A) was added at the scale of 1 : 10 and the holding time of 200hr. And the oxidation and flocculation abilities of Fe2C>42" were not affected. (3) The CODcr removal rate could be reached to 58.54% when the CFeO42" = 5.68mg/L, pH=7, T=25.4*C and the initial CODcr = 159.85 mg/L. (4) The ammonia-nitrogen (NHs-N) removal rate could be reached to 98% when the initial NH3-N sS2.706mg/L, and the residual NH3-N was 0.0345mg/L . The results were better than that of other flocculants when they were used in the third-stage disposal. (5) When the combined ferrate was used in dealing with the high concentration of ammonia - nitrogen (NH3-N?2935.5mg/L), the removal rate could be reached to 56%. The residual NH3-N concentration could be met the microorganism need in A/O stages. This method was superior man the traditional technique, such as the investment of the equipment would be less. The feasibility would be realized easily when Ihe cost of the ferrate preparation was decreased and the stability would be better. (6) The chroma removal rate could be reached at 73.47% by 1.73mg/L ferrate when -the initial chroma was 250 and the pH=6.17, CODcr ? 150mg/L of the cocking wastewater. The disposed wastewater had no color and odor, having the characters as the clean water. The
microorganism and the activejsludge. (7) The ferrate,was, a green flocculaht with more
oxidation, coagulation-flocculation and adsorption abilities compared with the other kinds of
organic or inorganic polymer flocculants.
浊度等脱除效果进行研究，并对影响高铁酸盐氧化、絮凝的环境条件进行了较全面的考
察，分析了各种因素对上述污染物指标去除率的影响。通过对高铁酸钾制备方法的改进，
以复合高铁酸盐溶液代替纯的高铁酸钾晶体作为水处理剂，并采用紫外-可见分光光度
法和循环伏安法研究了高铁水溶液的稳定性。试验研究表明：（1）用复合高铁酸盐溶
液代替纯高铁酸钾晶体作为混凝剂，不仅可大大降低混凝剂处理焦化废水的成本，而且
能保证一定的高铁有效浓度；（2）通过在复合高铁酸盐溶液中添加一种稳定助剂A，
高铁的稳定性得到很大提高，且不会影响高铁的氧化、混凝效能，对于相同初始浓度的
复合高铁酸盐溶液，当质量百分比浓度为10％的稳定助剂A的加入比例为1:10（V:V）
时，当放置时间为200hr时高铁分解率可由84％降至40.2％，稳定性提高了50％；（3）
对于初始CODcr=159.85mg/L，pH=6.86，T=25.4℃的焦化废水系统排放水，当废水中
CFeO_4~(2-)=5.68mg/L时，CODcr脱除率可达49.21％，此时pH=12.49；当调节pH使废水的
pH=7左右时，CODcr脱除率可达58.54％；（4）用复合高铁酸盐对氨氮不能达标的焦化
废水系统排放水（氨氮浓度≤2.706mg/L）进行深度处理时，氨氮脱除率可以达到98％
以上，处理后废水的氨氮浓度仅为0.0345mg/L，远低于国家排放标准，与投加其它类型
混凝剂（如聚铁、聚铝加聚丙烯酰胺等）作为废水的三级处理方法相比，不仅药剂的投
加量小，而且处理效果更加优异，处理成本也基本相当，并且不会产生二次污染，作为
焦化废水的深度处理无疑具有重要的应用推广意义；（5）当用复合高铁酸盐处理高氨
氮浓度的焦化废水（氨氮浓度≈2935.5mg/L）时，氨氮脱除率可达56％左右；处理后的
废水中NH_3-N浓度基本可满足生化处理对氨氮的要求，作为生化处理前废水的预处理与
传统的蒸氨工艺相比，该方法设备投资少，处理工艺更加简便，如果高铁的生产成本能
进一步降低，可有望取代现有的蒸氨工艺；（6）复合高铁酸盐被用于处理原水色度为
250，CODcr≈150mg/L的焦化废水时，当废水中高铁浓度为1.73mg/L，pH=6.17时，色
度脱除率可达76.41％；pH=7.3时，脱色率为73.47％，脱色后的废水无色无刺激气味，
色度指标优于国家废水排放标准，复合高铁酸盐作为一种理想的环保型水处理剂，应用
广西大学硕士毕业论文：复合高铁酸盐处理焦化废水的研究
于饮用水或工业废水处理时，－显示了优良的氧化和絮凝、凝聚效能，”且其分解产物为
Fe’”和内）。，不仅具有电中和和吸附架桥作用，Fe’”对于 A／0法生物处理阶段还是一
种不可或缺的元素；（7）通过与四种聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂处理的比较研究可知，当用复合
高铁酸盐处理焦化废水时，其主要处理技术指标（如加人量、色度脱除率、剩余浊度等）
均优于其它三种聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂，并且所形成的絮凝体颗粒小，数量少，沉降速度快，
是一种新型、优良、实用的水处理剂。
STUDY ON THE COKING WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY USING COMBINED FERRATE
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the combined ferrate was used for the treatment of cocking wastewater as a flocculant and oxidant. The removal efficiency of CODcr, NHs-N, hydroxybenzene, chroma and turbidity were studied. Environmental conditions were investigated systematically, and all the effects on the contamination removal at different environmental conditions were analyzed. An improvement was adopted in the preparation of potassium ferrate and the combined ferrate was applied as a flocculant. The stability of the combined ferrate solution was analyzed by using the UV- Visible Spectrophotometer and the Cyclic Voltammograms. The experimental results showed that: (1) The cost of the treatment of cocking wastewater would decrease by use of the combined ferrate instead of the pure potassium ferrate as a flocculant, and the efficient concentration of Fe2O42" could also be kept at a certain degree more than that needed. (2) To the same initiative concentration of combined ferrate solutions, the stability of Fe2O42" could be improved at 50% level when a certain kind of additive (A) was added at the scale of 1 : 10 and the holding time of 200hr. And the oxidation and flocculation abilities of Fe2C>42" were not affected. (3) The CODcr removal rate could be reached to 58.54% when the CFeO42" = 5.68mg/L, pH=7, T=25.4*C and the initial CODcr = 159.85 mg/L. (4) The ammonia-nitrogen (NHs-N) removal rate could be reached to 98% when the initial NH3-N sS2.706mg/L, and the residual NH3-N was 0.0345mg/L . The results were better than that of other flocculants when they were used in the third-stage disposal. (5) When the combined ferrate was used in dealing with the high concentration of ammonia - nitrogen (NH3-N?2935.5mg/L), the removal rate could be reached to 56%. The residual NH3-N concentration could be met the microorganism need in A/O stages. This method was superior man the traditional technique, such as the investment of the equipment would be less. The feasibility would be realized easily when Ihe cost of the ferrate preparation was decreased and the stability would be better. (6) The chroma removal rate could be reached at 73.47% by 1.73mg/L ferrate when -the initial chroma was 250 and the pH=6.17, CODcr ? 150mg/L of the cocking wastewater. The disposed wastewater had no color and odor, having the characters as the clean water. The
microorganism and the activejsludge. (7) The ferrate,was, a green flocculaht with more
oxidation, coagulation-flocculation and adsorption abilities compared with the other kinds of
organic or inorganic polymer flocculants.
引文
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