O_2/CO_2气氛下钙基脱硫剂脱硫机理研究
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摘要
经济发展和人口增长给环境的压力越来越大,各种环境问题层出不穷,它们直接或间接地影响生态平衡,影响人类的健康和生存。当今人类面临着三大环境问题:温室效应﹑酸雨和臭氧层破坏。而这三大环境问题均与煤燃烧有关,燃煤产生的大量的CO_2、SO_2和NO_x是引起上述问题的重要原因。控制和减缓燃煤过程中CO_2、SO_2和NO_x的排放已迫在眉睫。
近年来,O_2/CO_2燃烧技术日渐得到人们的广泛关注。该技术是应用纯氧气及大部分再循环烟气(约80%)一起代替空气参与燃烧。烟气中CO_2浓度可以达到95%以上,从而使回收CO_2变得更容易;由于烟气再循环以及燃烧气氛中没有N_2,致使NO_x的排放大大降低;除此之外它还可以使炉内喷钙脱硫效率达到90%以上。可以说,O_2/CO_2燃烧技术是一种能够同时控制CO_2、SO_2和NO_x三种污染物的新型燃烧技术。基于此,本文针对O_2/CO_2燃烧气氛下SO_2、NO_x排放特性以及在该气氛下钙基脱硫剂的脱硫特性展开实验和理论研究,目的是为该燃烧技术的应用推广提供有价值的实验数据和理论依据。
与常规燃烧气氛相比,O_2/CO_2气氛的主要特点就是烟气中CO_2分压较高,钙基脱硫剂在O_2/CO_2气氛下所表现出的煅烧、烧结以及硫化特性目前还不清楚。因此本文主要针对钙基脱硫剂在O_2/CO_2气氛下表现高脱硫效率的特性进行机理研究。首次对石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛下的煅烧和烧结特性进行了系统研究。结果表明,O_2/N_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO的孔隙率和比表面积均较O_2/CO_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO的大,但O_2/CO_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO具有更大的最可几孔径,SEM的测试结果也证明了这一点。这主要是由于在O_2/CO_2气氛下石灰石完全分解时间长,相应地CaO所经历的烧结时间比在N_2/CO_2气氛下长。在延长相同烧结时间的情况下,O_2/CO_2气氛下CaO孔结构受烧结影响的程度要比O_2/N_2气氛下轻微。主要原因是由于在O_2/CO_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO比在N_2/CO_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO的系统表面能处于更稳定的状态。利用XRD对CaO的晶体结构检测结果表明,石灰石煅烧产物CaO的比表面积和晶粒度具有很好的相关性,烧结对煅烧产物CaO孔结构的影响,是通过影响其晶粒大小来实现的,随晶粒尺寸的增加,比表面积减小。
对O_2/CO_2气氛下石灰石与SO_2之间直接硫化反应(温度低于石灰石分解温度)的研究表明,相同硫化工况下,石灰石直接硫化比煅烧后硫化可得到更高的Ca转化率。加入Na2CO_3添加剂后,石灰石的直接硫化速率及Ca转化率均有所提高。SEM能谱分析表明,加入Na2CO_3添加剂的石灰石其直接硫化产物CaSO_4中的缺陷浓度比无添加剂石灰石所形成的CaSO_4高。缺陷浓度的增加导致产物层扩散速率升高,从而使硫化速率及Ca转化率增加。石灰石直接硫化反应动力学分析表明,石灰石直接硫化在开始时由化学反应动力学控制,一旦CaSO_4产物层形成,逐渐变为由通过产物层的扩散控制。表观活化能和有效扩散系数分析表明通过产物层扩散为固态离子扩散。
首次通过TGA-XRD相定量分析联合来研究高温下石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛中的硫化特性。结果表明,在CaCO_3分解完全之前,硫化速率比CaCO_3分解完全之后要快的多,这主要是因为在CaCO_3分解完全之前,CaO一边由CaCO_3分解产生,一边与SO_2反应生成CaSO_4,系统中始终有新产生的CaO存在,刚产生的CaO还没有经过烧结具有较大的比表面积和孔隙率,因此表现出很高的反应活性;一旦CaCO_3分解完全,CaO由于高温烧结,比表面积和孔隙率迅速下降,表现出的反应活性也迅速降低,随之,硫化反应的速率也迅速降低。当温度高于石灰石分解温度之后,石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛下硫化速率和Ca转化率均随CO_2分压升高而升高。
在沉降炉上对O_2/CO_2气氛下石灰石的煅烧和脱硫特性进行了研究,并与空气气氛下进行了对比。石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛下脱硫与在空气气氛下一样存在一最佳的脱硫温度,但O_2/CO_2气氛下最佳脱硫温度远高于空气气氛,而且所对应的脱硫效率也比在空气气氛下高的多。表明O_2/CO_2气氛更有利于高温脱硫。结合TGA-XRD相定量分析的研究结果,提出了石灰石O_2/CO_2气氛下的脱硫机理。在O_2/CO_2气氛下,高CO_2浓度使石灰石煅烧反应减慢,系统中较长时间内有高活性CaO产生,同时,由于在CaO/CaCO_3界面上CO_2的产生使CaSO_4产物层扩散阻力降低,这两方面因素导致CaO在O_2/CO_2气氛下较长时间内维持较高的硫化速率。
对煤粉在O_2/CO_2气氛和空气两种气氛下燃烧时NO_x、SO_2排放特性实验表明,O_2/CO_2气氛下NO_x的生成量远远小于空气气氛。在不加石灰石时,气氛和温度对SO_2的生成量没有什么影响,只与煤中含硫量以及煤的种类有关。加入石灰石后在空气和O_2/CO_2两种气氛下SO_2的排放特性差别较大,当煤中加入石灰石后,O_2/CO_2气氛下SO_2的排放量较空气气氛下小,这主要是由于石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛下可以获得更高的脱硫效率。
以晶粒-微晶粒模型为框架,首次针对O_2/CO_2气氛,建立了石灰石煅烧和脱硫反应模型。在该模型中,考虑到O_2/CO_2气氛下CO_2分压较大,石灰石煅烧反应速率较慢,将石灰石煅烧、CaO烧结和CaO-SO_2硫化反应结合在一起建立了石灰石综合脱硫反应模型。该模型同时考虑到钙基脱硫剂硫化反应的控制机理——硫化产物层中的固态离子扩散控制。根据此模型,对O_2/CO_2气氛下石灰石煅烧反应过程中转化率和孔结构的变化以及石灰石的脱硫效率进行了计算,计算值和实验值吻合较好。
Today, economic development and population growth put more and more stress on environment, and cause all kinds of environmental problems. These affect directly or indirectly ecological balance and our health and living. The most serious three environmental problems that people must be confronted are greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozonosphere destruction now. And all of these are concerned with coal fired. The main reason for above environmental problems is CO_2、SO_2 and NO_x that emitted in course of coal burning. It is pressing to control and reduce CO_2、SO_2 and NO_x emissions in course of coal burning.
Recently the O_2/CO_2 coal combustion technology is gradually paid extensive attention by people. This process uses pure oxygen instead of air and recycles most of the flue gas. The CO_2 concentration in flue gas may be enriched up to 95% and easy CO_2 recovery, therefore, becomes possible. Furthermore, it can greatly decrease NO_x emissions because in the combustion atmosphere there is no N_2 and most of the flue gas is recycled compared with coal combustion in air. Besides, above 90% desulfurization efficiency is also possible by limestone injection into furnace. Therefore, the O_2/CO_2 coal combustion technology is an innovative combustion technology that can control CO_2、SO_2 and NO_x emissions simultaneously. In present work the experimental and theoretical investigation on the characteristics of SO_2 and NO_x emissions and desulfurization of limestone in O_2/CO_2 combustion atmosphere was studied. It aimed at providing valuable experimental dates and theoretical foundation for the O_2/CO_2 coal combustion technology being applied.
In O_2/CO_2 combustion atmosphere, CO_2 concentration in the flue gas is much higher compared with conventional combustion atmosphere. Under so high CO_2 concentration, the calcination, sintering and sulfation behaviors of limestone are not clear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the sulfation mechanism of Ca-based sorbents under O_2/CO_2 atmosphere. The calcination and sintering of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere were investigated systematically for the first time. The measurements showed that the specific surface area and porosity of calcined CaO in N_2/CO_2 atmosphere are bigger than that of in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere, but the latter has bigger average pore radius than the former. The fact is also testified by the SEM tests. This result is associated with the fact that the limestone completely decomposes into CaO in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere need much longer time than in N_2/CO_2 atmosphere, so the calcined CaO undergoes the longer sintering time in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere. Undergoing the same sintering time, the sintering has less influence on the pore structure of CaO calcined in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere than that of in N_2/CO_2 atmosphere, because CaO calcined in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere has lower surface energy. The crystal structures of CaO were measured with XRD. It is shown that the specific surface area of calcined CaO has a good relativity with the crystallite size. The decreasing in specific surface area with crystallite size rising shows that sintering influences the pore structure of calcined CaO by means of influencing the crystallite size.
The direct sulfation reaction between limestone and SO_2 in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere was investigated. It is shown that the direct sulfation of limestone has a higher conversion degree than the sulfation of precalcined limestone. The Na2CO3 additives can improve the direct sulfation rate and Ca conversion degrees of limestone. SEM energy spectrum analysis proves that there is higher defect concentration in CaSO_4 product layer produced by limestone with Na2CO3 additives direct sulfation than that without additives. The increase in diffusivity in CaSO_4 product layer with defect concentration rising results in the increase in sulfation rate and Ca conversion degree. The kinetic studies of limestone direct sulfationreaction were performed. It is found that the reaction is chemically controlled in the initial stage and gradually controlled by diffusion through CaSO_4 product layer with CaSO_4 product layer forming. The higher value of the activation energy and the lower value of the diffusivity in CaSO_4 product layer suggest that mass transport through the product layer occurs by means of a solid-state ion diffusion mechanism instead of by molecular diffusion or Knudsen diffusion.
The sulfation characteristics of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere at high temperature were studied by means of combined TGA with XRD phase quantitative analysis for the first time. The results suggest that there is a much higher sulfation rate before CaCO3 completely decomposed than after CaCO3 completely decomposed. This result is associated with the fact that CaO has higher specific surface area and porosity because of new CaO produced before CaCO3 completely decomposed. However, the specific surface area and porosity of CaO decreases quickly because there is not new CaO produced and CaO is sintered at high temperature. Therefore, the reactivity of CaO and the rate of sulfation reaction decrease quickly. The sulfation rate and Ca conversion degree of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere increase with CO_2 partial pressure when the temperature is above the equilibrium temperature.
The calcination and sulfation characteristics of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere were investigated by drop-tube test facility and compared with in air. It is found that the limestone has an optimal desulfurization temperature in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere as in air. However, the optimal desulfurization temperature and corresponding desulfurization efficiency in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere is much higher than in air. It indicates that O_2/CO_2 atmosphere is in favor of limestone desulfurization at high temperature. Combined the results of TGA -XRD phase quantitative analysis, the desulfurization mechanism of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere was suggested. High CO_2 concentration slowed the limestone calcination in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere, so the system keeps on producing high activity CaO for a long time. At the same time, the diffusional resistance through CaSO_4 product layer is reduced because of the CO_2 being formed at the CaO/CaCO3 interface. The above two factors make CaO keep on a high sulfation rate for a long time. The characteristics of NO_x and SO_2 released in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere were performed and compared with in air. The results show that the released NO_x is much lower in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere than in air. The atmosphere and temperature have no effect on SO_2 emissions when the limestone is not added. After the limestone is added, the released SO_2 is much higher in air than in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere, because the limestone can achieve higher desulfurization efficiency.
The calcination and sulfation model was established based on grain-micrograin model to simulate the calcination and sulfation reaction of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere. Considering that the high CO_2 partial pressure in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere results in slower calcination rate, the limestone calcination, calcined CaO sintering and CaO sulfation were combined to establish the integrated model of limestone desulfurization. At the same time, the true control mechanism of CaO sulfation-solid-state ion diffusion through the product layer is considered. The calcination degree, the specific surface area and porosity of calcined CaO and the desulfurization efficiency of limestone have been calculated based on this model. The calculated results are accord with the experimental values.
近年来,O_2/CO_2燃烧技术日渐得到人们的广泛关注。该技术是应用纯氧气及大部分再循环烟气(约80%)一起代替空气参与燃烧。烟气中CO_2浓度可以达到95%以上,从而使回收CO_2变得更容易;由于烟气再循环以及燃烧气氛中没有N_2,致使NO_x的排放大大降低;除此之外它还可以使炉内喷钙脱硫效率达到90%以上。可以说,O_2/CO_2燃烧技术是一种能够同时控制CO_2、SO_2和NO_x三种污染物的新型燃烧技术。基于此,本文针对O_2/CO_2燃烧气氛下SO_2、NO_x排放特性以及在该气氛下钙基脱硫剂的脱硫特性展开实验和理论研究,目的是为该燃烧技术的应用推广提供有价值的实验数据和理论依据。
与常规燃烧气氛相比,O_2/CO_2气氛的主要特点就是烟气中CO_2分压较高,钙基脱硫剂在O_2/CO_2气氛下所表现出的煅烧、烧结以及硫化特性目前还不清楚。因此本文主要针对钙基脱硫剂在O_2/CO_2气氛下表现高脱硫效率的特性进行机理研究。首次对石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛下的煅烧和烧结特性进行了系统研究。结果表明,O_2/N_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO的孔隙率和比表面积均较O_2/CO_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO的大,但O_2/CO_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO具有更大的最可几孔径,SEM的测试结果也证明了这一点。这主要是由于在O_2/CO_2气氛下石灰石完全分解时间长,相应地CaO所经历的烧结时间比在N_2/CO_2气氛下长。在延长相同烧结时间的情况下,O_2/CO_2气氛下CaO孔结构受烧结影响的程度要比O_2/N_2气氛下轻微。主要原因是由于在O_2/CO_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO比在N_2/CO_2气氛下煅烧所得CaO的系统表面能处于更稳定的状态。利用XRD对CaO的晶体结构检测结果表明,石灰石煅烧产物CaO的比表面积和晶粒度具有很好的相关性,烧结对煅烧产物CaO孔结构的影响,是通过影响其晶粒大小来实现的,随晶粒尺寸的增加,比表面积减小。
对O_2/CO_2气氛下石灰石与SO_2之间直接硫化反应(温度低于石灰石分解温度)的研究表明,相同硫化工况下,石灰石直接硫化比煅烧后硫化可得到更高的Ca转化率。加入Na2CO_3添加剂后,石灰石的直接硫化速率及Ca转化率均有所提高。SEM能谱分析表明,加入Na2CO_3添加剂的石灰石其直接硫化产物CaSO_4中的缺陷浓度比无添加剂石灰石所形成的CaSO_4高。缺陷浓度的增加导致产物层扩散速率升高,从而使硫化速率及Ca转化率增加。石灰石直接硫化反应动力学分析表明,石灰石直接硫化在开始时由化学反应动力学控制,一旦CaSO_4产物层形成,逐渐变为由通过产物层的扩散控制。表观活化能和有效扩散系数分析表明通过产物层扩散为固态离子扩散。
首次通过TGA-XRD相定量分析联合来研究高温下石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛中的硫化特性。结果表明,在CaCO_3分解完全之前,硫化速率比CaCO_3分解完全之后要快的多,这主要是因为在CaCO_3分解完全之前,CaO一边由CaCO_3分解产生,一边与SO_2反应生成CaSO_4,系统中始终有新产生的CaO存在,刚产生的CaO还没有经过烧结具有较大的比表面积和孔隙率,因此表现出很高的反应活性;一旦CaCO_3分解完全,CaO由于高温烧结,比表面积和孔隙率迅速下降,表现出的反应活性也迅速降低,随之,硫化反应的速率也迅速降低。当温度高于石灰石分解温度之后,石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛下硫化速率和Ca转化率均随CO_2分压升高而升高。
在沉降炉上对O_2/CO_2气氛下石灰石的煅烧和脱硫特性进行了研究,并与空气气氛下进行了对比。石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛下脱硫与在空气气氛下一样存在一最佳的脱硫温度,但O_2/CO_2气氛下最佳脱硫温度远高于空气气氛,而且所对应的脱硫效率也比在空气气氛下高的多。表明O_2/CO_2气氛更有利于高温脱硫。结合TGA-XRD相定量分析的研究结果,提出了石灰石O_2/CO_2气氛下的脱硫机理。在O_2/CO_2气氛下,高CO_2浓度使石灰石煅烧反应减慢,系统中较长时间内有高活性CaO产生,同时,由于在CaO/CaCO_3界面上CO_2的产生使CaSO_4产物层扩散阻力降低,这两方面因素导致CaO在O_2/CO_2气氛下较长时间内维持较高的硫化速率。
对煤粉在O_2/CO_2气氛和空气两种气氛下燃烧时NO_x、SO_2排放特性实验表明,O_2/CO_2气氛下NO_x的生成量远远小于空气气氛。在不加石灰石时,气氛和温度对SO_2的生成量没有什么影响,只与煤中含硫量以及煤的种类有关。加入石灰石后在空气和O_2/CO_2两种气氛下SO_2的排放特性差别较大,当煤中加入石灰石后,O_2/CO_2气氛下SO_2的排放量较空气气氛下小,这主要是由于石灰石在O_2/CO_2气氛下可以获得更高的脱硫效率。
以晶粒-微晶粒模型为框架,首次针对O_2/CO_2气氛,建立了石灰石煅烧和脱硫反应模型。在该模型中,考虑到O_2/CO_2气氛下CO_2分压较大,石灰石煅烧反应速率较慢,将石灰石煅烧、CaO烧结和CaO-SO_2硫化反应结合在一起建立了石灰石综合脱硫反应模型。该模型同时考虑到钙基脱硫剂硫化反应的控制机理——硫化产物层中的固态离子扩散控制。根据此模型,对O_2/CO_2气氛下石灰石煅烧反应过程中转化率和孔结构的变化以及石灰石的脱硫效率进行了计算,计算值和实验值吻合较好。
Today, economic development and population growth put more and more stress on environment, and cause all kinds of environmental problems. These affect directly or indirectly ecological balance and our health and living. The most serious three environmental problems that people must be confronted are greenhouse effect, acid rain and ozonosphere destruction now. And all of these are concerned with coal fired. The main reason for above environmental problems is CO_2、SO_2 and NO_x that emitted in course of coal burning. It is pressing to control and reduce CO_2、SO_2 and NO_x emissions in course of coal burning.
Recently the O_2/CO_2 coal combustion technology is gradually paid extensive attention by people. This process uses pure oxygen instead of air and recycles most of the flue gas. The CO_2 concentration in flue gas may be enriched up to 95% and easy CO_2 recovery, therefore, becomes possible. Furthermore, it can greatly decrease NO_x emissions because in the combustion atmosphere there is no N_2 and most of the flue gas is recycled compared with coal combustion in air. Besides, above 90% desulfurization efficiency is also possible by limestone injection into furnace. Therefore, the O_2/CO_2 coal combustion technology is an innovative combustion technology that can control CO_2、SO_2 and NO_x emissions simultaneously. In present work the experimental and theoretical investigation on the characteristics of SO_2 and NO_x emissions and desulfurization of limestone in O_2/CO_2 combustion atmosphere was studied. It aimed at providing valuable experimental dates and theoretical foundation for the O_2/CO_2 coal combustion technology being applied.
In O_2/CO_2 combustion atmosphere, CO_2 concentration in the flue gas is much higher compared with conventional combustion atmosphere. Under so high CO_2 concentration, the calcination, sintering and sulfation behaviors of limestone are not clear. Therefore, it is necessary to study the sulfation mechanism of Ca-based sorbents under O_2/CO_2 atmosphere. The calcination and sintering of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere were investigated systematically for the first time. The measurements showed that the specific surface area and porosity of calcined CaO in N_2/CO_2 atmosphere are bigger than that of in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere, but the latter has bigger average pore radius than the former. The fact is also testified by the SEM tests. This result is associated with the fact that the limestone completely decomposes into CaO in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere need much longer time than in N_2/CO_2 atmosphere, so the calcined CaO undergoes the longer sintering time in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere. Undergoing the same sintering time, the sintering has less influence on the pore structure of CaO calcined in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere than that of in N_2/CO_2 atmosphere, because CaO calcined in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere has lower surface energy. The crystal structures of CaO were measured with XRD. It is shown that the specific surface area of calcined CaO has a good relativity with the crystallite size. The decreasing in specific surface area with crystallite size rising shows that sintering influences the pore structure of calcined CaO by means of influencing the crystallite size.
The direct sulfation reaction between limestone and SO_2 in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere was investigated. It is shown that the direct sulfation of limestone has a higher conversion degree than the sulfation of precalcined limestone. The Na2CO3 additives can improve the direct sulfation rate and Ca conversion degrees of limestone. SEM energy spectrum analysis proves that there is higher defect concentration in CaSO_4 product layer produced by limestone with Na2CO3 additives direct sulfation than that without additives. The increase in diffusivity in CaSO_4 product layer with defect concentration rising results in the increase in sulfation rate and Ca conversion degree. The kinetic studies of limestone direct sulfationreaction were performed. It is found that the reaction is chemically controlled in the initial stage and gradually controlled by diffusion through CaSO_4 product layer with CaSO_4 product layer forming. The higher value of the activation energy and the lower value of the diffusivity in CaSO_4 product layer suggest that mass transport through the product layer occurs by means of a solid-state ion diffusion mechanism instead of by molecular diffusion or Knudsen diffusion.
The sulfation characteristics of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere at high temperature were studied by means of combined TGA with XRD phase quantitative analysis for the first time. The results suggest that there is a much higher sulfation rate before CaCO3 completely decomposed than after CaCO3 completely decomposed. This result is associated with the fact that CaO has higher specific surface area and porosity because of new CaO produced before CaCO3 completely decomposed. However, the specific surface area and porosity of CaO decreases quickly because there is not new CaO produced and CaO is sintered at high temperature. Therefore, the reactivity of CaO and the rate of sulfation reaction decrease quickly. The sulfation rate and Ca conversion degree of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere increase with CO_2 partial pressure when the temperature is above the equilibrium temperature.
The calcination and sulfation characteristics of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere were investigated by drop-tube test facility and compared with in air. It is found that the limestone has an optimal desulfurization temperature in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere as in air. However, the optimal desulfurization temperature and corresponding desulfurization efficiency in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere is much higher than in air. It indicates that O_2/CO_2 atmosphere is in favor of limestone desulfurization at high temperature. Combined the results of TGA -XRD phase quantitative analysis, the desulfurization mechanism of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere was suggested. High CO_2 concentration slowed the limestone calcination in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere, so the system keeps on producing high activity CaO for a long time. At the same time, the diffusional resistance through CaSO_4 product layer is reduced because of the CO_2 being formed at the CaO/CaCO3 interface. The above two factors make CaO keep on a high sulfation rate for a long time. The characteristics of NO_x and SO_2 released in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere were performed and compared with in air. The results show that the released NO_x is much lower in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere than in air. The atmosphere and temperature have no effect on SO_2 emissions when the limestone is not added. After the limestone is added, the released SO_2 is much higher in air than in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere, because the limestone can achieve higher desulfurization efficiency.
The calcination and sulfation model was established based on grain-micrograin model to simulate the calcination and sulfation reaction of limestone in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere. Considering that the high CO_2 partial pressure in O_2/CO_2 atmosphere results in slower calcination rate, the limestone calcination, calcined CaO sintering and CaO sulfation were combined to establish the integrated model of limestone desulfurization. At the same time, the true control mechanism of CaO sulfation-solid-state ion diffusion through the product layer is considered. The calcination degree, the specific surface area and porosity of calcined CaO and the desulfurization efficiency of limestone have been calculated based on this model. The calculated results are accord with the experimental values.
引文
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