循环流化床富氧燃烧下NO_x生成的模拟
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摘要
本文根据在小型CFB上进行的真实烟气再循环下的富氧燃烧试验,得到了真实烟气再循环下NOx生成和分解的动力学常数,并结合对试验结果和燃料型NOx生成的分析,建立了NOX的生成模型。重点分析了床温和氧气浓度对NOX生成的影响,分析得知随着床温和氧气浓度的增加,NOX的生成量有所增加,模型计算结果能较好的和试验结果匹配。并利用该模型,对Alstom公司进行的配气条件下的CFB富氧燃烧试验进行了比对,发现二者是存在一定差异的。因此,用配气方法来研究CFB富氧燃烧NOx生成,是存在较大偏差的。
Models to simulate the formation of the NOx were set up in this study, depending on the experiment which was carried out in the real flue gas recirculation.Through the analysis it is found that the formation of the NOx with the real flue gas recirculation is different from former experiments. The temperature on the bed and the concentration of the oxygen were taken into account. It is found that with the bed temperature and the concentration of the oxygen increasing, the production of the NOx will increase. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Differents between the experiment with the real flue gas recirculation and the experiment which was carried out by Alstom were discussed at the end.
Models to simulate the formation of the NOx were set up in this study, depending on the experiment which was carried out in the real flue gas recirculation.Through the analysis it is found that the formation of the NOx with the real flue gas recirculation is different from former experiments. The temperature on the bed and the concentration of the oxygen were taken into account. It is found that with the bed temperature and the concentration of the oxygen increasing, the production of the NOx will increase. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Differents between the experiment with the real flue gas recirculation and the experiment which was carried out by Alstom were discussed at the end.
引文
[1]高新司,郑方能.中国洁净煤技术的研究、开发与示范.中国科技产业-中国能源科技专辑,2006,20～22
[2]张清,陈继辉,卢啸风,等.流化床富氧燃烧技术的研究进展.电站系统工程,2007,23(2):4～7
[3] B.J.P. Buhre, L.K. Elliott, C.D. Sheng, R.P. Gupta, T.F. Wall. Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.2005,283~307
[4]朱光俊,梁中渝,吴明全.煤富氧燃烧对节能与环境的影响分析.工业加热,2005,4(34):11～13
[5]朱序和.富氧燃烧技术在内燃机中的应用.能源研究与信息,2000,16(2):53～57
[6]周泽兴.火电厂排放CO2的分离回收和固定技术的研究开发现状.环境科学进展,1996,9(3):19～24
[7]刘彦丰,阎维平,丁千岭.控制和减缓电力生产过程中CO2排放的技术.华北电力大学学报,2000,27(2):36～41
[8] Axel Meisen, Xiaoshan Shuai. Research and Development issues in CO2 capture. Energy Convers.Mgmt,1997,38:37~42
[9]赵立中.关于火电厂CO2回收、利用问题.华中电力,1997,10(2):52～54
[10]张阿玲,方栋.温室气体CO2的控制和回收利用.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996 ,2
[11]戴树业,韩建国,李宏.富氧燃烧技术的应用.生产技术经验,1999,2(28):26～29
[12]郑晓峰,冯耀勋,贾明生.富氧燃烧的节能特性及其对环境的影响.节能,2006,7:26～34
[13]骆仲泱,毛玉如,吴学成,等.O2/CO2气氛下煤燃烧特性试验研究与分析.热力发电,2004,(6):14～18
[14]毛玉如,方梦祥,骆仲泱,等.富氧气氛下循环流化床煤燃烧试验研究.燃烧科学与技术,2005,2(11):188～191
[15] L. Wang, D.C. Haworth , S.R. Turns, M.F. Modest. Interactions among soot, thermal radiation,and NOx emissions in oxygen-enriched turbulent nonpremixed flames: a computational fluid dynamics modeling study. Combustion and Flame,2005, 170~179
[16]毛玉如,方梦祥,王勤辉,等. O2/CO2气氛下循环流化床煤燃烧污染物排放的试验研究.动力工程,2004, 24(3):411～415
[17]冯俊凯,岳光溪,吕俊复.循环流化床燃烧锅炉.北京:中国电力出版社,2003. 103～108
[18]刘彦丰.煤粉在高浓度CO2下的燃烧与气化:[博士学位论文].河北省保定市:华北电力大学能源与动力工程学院,2001
[19] Croiset E.,Thambimuthu K. Palmer A. Coal combustion in O2/CO2 mixtures compares with air. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2000,78(2):402~407
[20] E.Croiset,K.V.Thambimuthu.NOx and SO2 emissions from O2/CO2 recycle coal combustion.
[21] K.Okazaki, T.Ando. NOx Reduction Mechanism in Coal Combustion with Recycled CO2.Energy,1997,22(2/3):207~21
[22]阎维平.温室气体的排放以及烟气再循环煤粉燃烧技术的研究.中国电力,1997, 30(6):59～62
[23] AlanM .Wolsky,Ed wardJ .Daniels,Bassam J.Jody.Recovering CO2 From Large and Medium-Size Stationary Combustors. J.Air Waste Manage.Assoc,1991,(41):449~454
[24] Yewen Tan, Eric Croisetb, Mark A. Douglasa. Combustion characteristics of coal in a mixture of oxygen and recycled flue gas. Fuel, 2006, 85(4): 507~512
[25] Jeffrey J. Murphy , Christopher R. Shaddix, Combustion kinetics of coal chars in oxygen-enriched environments. Combustion and Flame, 2006, 144(4): 710~729
[26]王春波,陈传敏.碳酸钙直接硫化反应产物层固态离子扩散机理研究.中国电机工程学报,2007, 27(35):44～48
[27] B.J.P. Buhre, L.K. Elliott, C.D. Sheng, R.P. Gupta, T.F. Wall. Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2005, 31(4): 283~307
[28] Hao Liua, Ramlan Zailanib, Bernard M. Gibbsb. Pulverized coal combustion in air and in O2/CO2 mixtures with NOx recycle. Fuel, 2005,84(16): 2109~2115
[29]樊越胜,邹峥,高巨宝,等.煤粉在富氧条件下燃烧特性的实验研究.中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(24):118～121
[30] Tan, Yewen, Thambimuthu, Kelly V. Douglas, Mark A. Oxy-fuel combustion research at the CANMET Energy Technology Center. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Coal Combustion.Clearwater, FL, US, 2003. 550~554
[31] Eddy H. Chui, Mark A. Douglas, Yewan T. Modeling of oxy-fuel combustion for a western Canadian sub-bituminous coal. Fuel, 2003,82(10): 1201~1210
[32] Greenhouse gas emissions control by oxygen firing in circulating fluidized bed boilers-phase II. ALSTON Power Inc. 2004
[33] Mao Yuru, FangMengxiang, Wang Qinhui, et al. Experimental research on pollutant emission of coal combustion in a circulating fluidized bed test facility under O2 /CO2 atmosphere. Power Engineering, 2004, 24 (3): 411~415
[34] L. Wang, D.C. Haworth, S.R. Turns, et al.Interactions among soot, thermal radiation and NOx emissions in oxygen-enriched turbulent nonpremixed flames: a computational fluid dynamics modeling study. Combustion and Flame,2005,141:170~179
[35] Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Hans Kremer, Ruhr-Universit?t Bochum and Gasw?rme-Institut e.V. Essen.The Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on Radiative Heat Transfer, Fuel Efficiency and NOx Emissions.
[36] E.Cr oiset, K V.Thambimuthu. NOX and SO2 emissions from O2/CO2 recycle coal combustion. Fuel, 2001,80:2117~2121
[37]毛玉如,方梦祥,骆仲泱,等.循环流化床富氧燃烧技术的试验研究.锅炉技术,2004,35(6):27～31
[38] Hirrma T, H. Hosoda , N. Azuma , et al. Darastic reduction of NOX and N2O emissions from BFBC of coal by means of CO2/O2 combustion : effects of fuel gas recycle and coal type. International Symposium of Engineering Foundation FLULDIZATONIZ[A] , USA , 1998
[39] Chunbo Wang, Lufei Jia, Yewen Tan, et al. Carbonation of fly ash in oxy-fuel CFB combustion. Fuel, 2008, 87(7):1108~1114
[40] Lufei Jia, Yewen Tan, Chunbo Wang, et al. Experimental study of oxy-fuel combustion and sulfur capture in a Mini-CFBC. Energy & Fuels, 2007,21(6):3160~3164
[41]岑可法,倪明江,骆仲泱,等.循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行.北京:中国电力出版社,1999,382～385
[42]谭松.煤粉燃烧过程中NOX排放的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2005
[43] Anker Jensen ,Jan Erik Johnsson. Modelling of NOx emissions from pressurized fluidized bed combustion--a parameter study. Chemical Enoineering Science, 1997,52(11):1715~1731
[44]毛玉如.循环流化床富氧燃烧技术的试验和理论研究:[博士学文论文].浙江:浙江大学,2003.6
[45] Z.Chen,Mu Lin,J.Ignowski,et al. Mathematical modeling of fluidized bed combustion.4:N2O and NOX emissions from the combustion of char. Fuel ,2000,80(2001):1259~1272
[46] Experimental Investigation of Oxy-fuel Combustion with Flue Gas Recirculation Using a Mini-CFB. Proceedings of the 32nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems. 2007
[2]张清,陈继辉,卢啸风,等.流化床富氧燃烧技术的研究进展.电站系统工程,2007,23(2):4～7
[3] B.J.P. Buhre, L.K. Elliott, C.D. Sheng, R.P. Gupta, T.F. Wall. Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.2005,283~307
[4]朱光俊,梁中渝,吴明全.煤富氧燃烧对节能与环境的影响分析.工业加热,2005,4(34):11～13
[5]朱序和.富氧燃烧技术在内燃机中的应用.能源研究与信息,2000,16(2):53～57
[6]周泽兴.火电厂排放CO2的分离回收和固定技术的研究开发现状.环境科学进展,1996,9(3):19～24
[7]刘彦丰,阎维平,丁千岭.控制和减缓电力生产过程中CO2排放的技术.华北电力大学学报,2000,27(2):36～41
[8] Axel Meisen, Xiaoshan Shuai. Research and Development issues in CO2 capture. Energy Convers.Mgmt,1997,38:37~42
[9]赵立中.关于火电厂CO2回收、利用问题.华中电力,1997,10(2):52～54
[10]张阿玲,方栋.温室气体CO2的控制和回收利用.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996 ,2
[11]戴树业,韩建国,李宏.富氧燃烧技术的应用.生产技术经验,1999,2(28):26～29
[12]郑晓峰,冯耀勋,贾明生.富氧燃烧的节能特性及其对环境的影响.节能,2006,7:26～34
[13]骆仲泱,毛玉如,吴学成,等.O2/CO2气氛下煤燃烧特性试验研究与分析.热力发电,2004,(6):14～18
[14]毛玉如,方梦祥,骆仲泱,等.富氧气氛下循环流化床煤燃烧试验研究.燃烧科学与技术,2005,2(11):188～191
[15] L. Wang, D.C. Haworth , S.R. Turns, M.F. Modest. Interactions among soot, thermal radiation,and NOx emissions in oxygen-enriched turbulent nonpremixed flames: a computational fluid dynamics modeling study. Combustion and Flame,2005, 170~179
[16]毛玉如,方梦祥,王勤辉,等. O2/CO2气氛下循环流化床煤燃烧污染物排放的试验研究.动力工程,2004, 24(3):411～415
[17]冯俊凯,岳光溪,吕俊复.循环流化床燃烧锅炉.北京:中国电力出版社,2003. 103～108
[18]刘彦丰.煤粉在高浓度CO2下的燃烧与气化:[博士学位论文].河北省保定市:华北电力大学能源与动力工程学院,2001
[19] Croiset E.,Thambimuthu K. Palmer A. Coal combustion in O2/CO2 mixtures compares with air. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,2000,78(2):402~407
[20] E.Croiset,K.V.Thambimuthu.NOx and SO2 emissions from O2/CO2 recycle coal combustion.
[21] K.Okazaki, T.Ando. NOx Reduction Mechanism in Coal Combustion with Recycled CO2.Energy,1997,22(2/3):207~21
[22]阎维平.温室气体的排放以及烟气再循环煤粉燃烧技术的研究.中国电力,1997, 30(6):59～62
[23] AlanM .Wolsky,Ed wardJ .Daniels,Bassam J.Jody.Recovering CO2 From Large and Medium-Size Stationary Combustors. J.Air Waste Manage.Assoc,1991,(41):449~454
[24] Yewen Tan, Eric Croisetb, Mark A. Douglasa. Combustion characteristics of coal in a mixture of oxygen and recycled flue gas. Fuel, 2006, 85(4): 507~512
[25] Jeffrey J. Murphy , Christopher R. Shaddix, Combustion kinetics of coal chars in oxygen-enriched environments. Combustion and Flame, 2006, 144(4): 710~729
[26]王春波,陈传敏.碳酸钙直接硫化反应产物层固态离子扩散机理研究.中国电机工程学报,2007, 27(35):44～48
[27] B.J.P. Buhre, L.K. Elliott, C.D. Sheng, R.P. Gupta, T.F. Wall. Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2005, 31(4): 283~307
[28] Hao Liua, Ramlan Zailanib, Bernard M. Gibbsb. Pulverized coal combustion in air and in O2/CO2 mixtures with NOx recycle. Fuel, 2005,84(16): 2109~2115
[29]樊越胜,邹峥,高巨宝,等.煤粉在富氧条件下燃烧特性的实验研究.中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(24):118～121
[30] Tan, Yewen, Thambimuthu, Kelly V. Douglas, Mark A. Oxy-fuel combustion research at the CANMET Energy Technology Center. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Coal Combustion.Clearwater, FL, US, 2003. 550~554
[31] Eddy H. Chui, Mark A. Douglas, Yewan T. Modeling of oxy-fuel combustion for a western Canadian sub-bituminous coal. Fuel, 2003,82(10): 1201~1210
[32] Greenhouse gas emissions control by oxygen firing in circulating fluidized bed boilers-phase II. ALSTON Power Inc. 2004
[33] Mao Yuru, FangMengxiang, Wang Qinhui, et al. Experimental research on pollutant emission of coal combustion in a circulating fluidized bed test facility under O2 /CO2 atmosphere. Power Engineering, 2004, 24 (3): 411~415
[34] L. Wang, D.C. Haworth, S.R. Turns, et al.Interactions among soot, thermal radiation and NOx emissions in oxygen-enriched turbulent nonpremixed flames: a computational fluid dynamics modeling study. Combustion and Flame,2005,141:170~179
[35] Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Hans Kremer, Ruhr-Universit?t Bochum and Gasw?rme-Institut e.V. Essen.The Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on Radiative Heat Transfer, Fuel Efficiency and NOx Emissions.
[36] E.Cr oiset, K V.Thambimuthu. NOX and SO2 emissions from O2/CO2 recycle coal combustion. Fuel, 2001,80:2117~2121
[37]毛玉如,方梦祥,骆仲泱,等.循环流化床富氧燃烧技术的试验研究.锅炉技术,2004,35(6):27～31
[38] Hirrma T, H. Hosoda , N. Azuma , et al. Darastic reduction of NOX and N2O emissions from BFBC of coal by means of CO2/O2 combustion : effects of fuel gas recycle and coal type. International Symposium of Engineering Foundation FLULDIZATONIZ[A] , USA , 1998
[39] Chunbo Wang, Lufei Jia, Yewen Tan, et al. Carbonation of fly ash in oxy-fuel CFB combustion. Fuel, 2008, 87(7):1108~1114
[40] Lufei Jia, Yewen Tan, Chunbo Wang, et al. Experimental study of oxy-fuel combustion and sulfur capture in a Mini-CFBC. Energy & Fuels, 2007,21(6):3160~3164
[41]岑可法,倪明江,骆仲泱,等.循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行.北京:中国电力出版社,1999,382～385
[42]谭松.煤粉燃烧过程中NOX排放的数值模拟:[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学,2005
[43] Anker Jensen ,Jan Erik Johnsson. Modelling of NOx emissions from pressurized fluidized bed combustion--a parameter study. Chemical Enoineering Science, 1997,52(11):1715~1731
[44]毛玉如.循环流化床富氧燃烧技术的试验和理论研究:[博士学文论文].浙江:浙江大学,2003.6
[45] Z.Chen,Mu Lin,J.Ignowski,et al. Mathematical modeling of fluidized bed combustion.4:N2O and NOX emissions from the combustion of char. Fuel ,2000,80(2001):1259~1272
[46] Experimental Investigation of Oxy-fuel Combustion with Flue Gas Recirculation Using a Mini-CFB. Proceedings of the 32nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems. 2007