基于RTDS的交直流系统实时数字仿真方法研究与实现
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摘要
直流输电技术在远距离、大容量输电和电力系统互连等方面具有明显的优势,因此在“西电东送、全国联网”工程中发挥着重要作用,但同时也给整个系统的稳定性带来了严重的影响。利用实时电磁暂态仿真工具可以与实际直流输电控制设备连接,精确模拟交直流系统的动态特性。文中基于实时数字仿真器(RTDS)建立了交直流系统实时数字仿真实验平台,对实际电网典型故障进行了仿真研究,提出了电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真方法,并初步建立了电力系统仿真可信度评估理论体系。主要工作如下:
1.提出了交直流系统RTDS仿真建模的一般原则。介绍了交流系统动态等值、仿真步长的选择以及处理器资源分配等关键问题,给出了仿真元件模型的选择原则,并针对RTDS部分元件模型存在的缺陷提出了改进措施,建立了交直流系统实时仿真实验平台。
2.根据某交直流电网实际结构和负荷特性搭建了仿真模型,提出利用RTDS对现场故障录波进行回放的方法,形成了一套较完善的故障录波数据处理工具和回放流程。对在该电网中实际发生的4个典型故障进行了仿真研究。通过仿真实验成功地再现了实际故障的全过程,并且分析了事故发生的原因,提出了合理的改进建议。
3.对比分析了电磁暂态和机电暂态仿真方法与数学模型,提出了基于RTDS实现电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真的基本原理。文中推导了适合电磁和机电暂态并行计算的混合仿真接口等值电路求取方法,阐述了接口等值电路的形成和实现过程。特别提出了一种改进的并行数据交互时序方案。
4.选择采用RTDS自定义模型接口方式实现电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真,利用多线程和双链表稀疏矩阵等技术在RTDS/CBuilder环境下开发了实时机电暂态仿真程序。通过仿真实验证明,提出的接口等值电路模型合理且计算简便,基于RTDS的电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真方法是正确的。
5.提出了使用残差相似度指标来表征动态仿真的整体误差;提出使用频率相似度、阻尼相似度和幅值相似度等指标来表征暂态信号的特征量误差。并在LabVIEW环境下开发了仿真可信度分析程序。在此基础上,针对电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真和交直流电网实际故障仿真结果进行了可信度分析,得到了仿真误差具体的量化指标,对仿真结果的可信度给出了准确客观的评价。
Because of the great advantagements of long distant and big capacity in electric power transimission, High Voltage Direct Current technology plays an important role in the Project of west-east electricity transmission and nationwide interconnection of Chinese power system. But it brings enormous impact to the safety and stability of the entire power grid. The dynamic characteristics of the AC-DC power system can be reflected accurately by electicmaganetic simulation tooles with the external actual DC control and protection devices. In this paper, an AC-DC real-time simulation system is established, four real faults have been successfully simulated, then the electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient hybrid real-time simulation approach is proposed, and a complete simulation credibility evaluation theory is formed.
The general principle of AC-DC power system simulation on Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) is proposed in this paper. The key problems in modeling such as dynamic equivalent of AC power system and choice of simulation time step are introduced. And some measures are proposed to improve RTDS models. An AC-DC real-time simulation system platform is established.
The equivalent model of a real power grid is built on RTDS. The playback approach of field fault recordings is developed. Four real faults have been successfully simulatedd by use of the simulation model of RTDS. The real causes of faults are analyzed, and some improvement measures are put forward. The simulation results are compared against the field fault recordings. It is demonstrated that the proposed simulation models are both precise and reliable. The RTDS model established in this paper can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the real power system accurately.
Based on RTDS, this paper proposes an electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient hybrid real-time simulation approach. And a real-time electromechanical transient simulation program is developed under CBuiler circumstance. The paper proposes the equivalent circuits between electromagnetic and electromechanical network, and then the hybrid real-time simulation platform is established. The validity and efficiency of the proposed hybrid real-time simulation approach are demonstrated by simulation cases
In this paper, residual similar index was used to characterize the global error of dynamic simulation, and then frequency, damping and amplitude similar indexes were employed to represent features error of transient signals respectively, which formed a complete simulation credibility evaluation theory. A calculation program for simulation credibility evaluation, which was developed by LabVIEW, was employed to analyze the theoretical current waveforms and results of fault simulations. Through simulation credibility analysis, the material quantitative index of simulation errors was obtained by which the credibility of simulation results was evaluated exactly and objectively and the numerical reference for the modifying of model parameters was provided. Simulation results has proved the validity of the proposed power system credibility evaluation theory.
1.提出了交直流系统RTDS仿真建模的一般原则。介绍了交流系统动态等值、仿真步长的选择以及处理器资源分配等关键问题,给出了仿真元件模型的选择原则,并针对RTDS部分元件模型存在的缺陷提出了改进措施,建立了交直流系统实时仿真实验平台。
2.根据某交直流电网实际结构和负荷特性搭建了仿真模型,提出利用RTDS对现场故障录波进行回放的方法,形成了一套较完善的故障录波数据处理工具和回放流程。对在该电网中实际发生的4个典型故障进行了仿真研究。通过仿真实验成功地再现了实际故障的全过程,并且分析了事故发生的原因,提出了合理的改进建议。
3.对比分析了电磁暂态和机电暂态仿真方法与数学模型,提出了基于RTDS实现电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真的基本原理。文中推导了适合电磁和机电暂态并行计算的混合仿真接口等值电路求取方法,阐述了接口等值电路的形成和实现过程。特别提出了一种改进的并行数据交互时序方案。
4.选择采用RTDS自定义模型接口方式实现电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真,利用多线程和双链表稀疏矩阵等技术在RTDS/CBuilder环境下开发了实时机电暂态仿真程序。通过仿真实验证明,提出的接口等值电路模型合理且计算简便,基于RTDS的电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真方法是正确的。
5.提出了使用残差相似度指标来表征动态仿真的整体误差;提出使用频率相似度、阻尼相似度和幅值相似度等指标来表征暂态信号的特征量误差。并在LabVIEW环境下开发了仿真可信度分析程序。在此基础上,针对电磁/机电暂态混合实时仿真和交直流电网实际故障仿真结果进行了可信度分析,得到了仿真误差具体的量化指标,对仿真结果的可信度给出了准确客观的评价。
Because of the great advantagements of long distant and big capacity in electric power transimission, High Voltage Direct Current technology plays an important role in the Project of west-east electricity transmission and nationwide interconnection of Chinese power system. But it brings enormous impact to the safety and stability of the entire power grid. The dynamic characteristics of the AC-DC power system can be reflected accurately by electicmaganetic simulation tooles with the external actual DC control and protection devices. In this paper, an AC-DC real-time simulation system is established, four real faults have been successfully simulated, then the electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient hybrid real-time simulation approach is proposed, and a complete simulation credibility evaluation theory is formed.
The general principle of AC-DC power system simulation on Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) is proposed in this paper. The key problems in modeling such as dynamic equivalent of AC power system and choice of simulation time step are introduced. And some measures are proposed to improve RTDS models. An AC-DC real-time simulation system platform is established.
The equivalent model of a real power grid is built on RTDS. The playback approach of field fault recordings is developed. Four real faults have been successfully simulatedd by use of the simulation model of RTDS. The real causes of faults are analyzed, and some improvement measures are put forward. The simulation results are compared against the field fault recordings. It is demonstrated that the proposed simulation models are both precise and reliable. The RTDS model established in this paper can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the real power system accurately.
Based on RTDS, this paper proposes an electromagnetic transient and electromechanical transient hybrid real-time simulation approach. And a real-time electromechanical transient simulation program is developed under CBuiler circumstance. The paper proposes the equivalent circuits between electromagnetic and electromechanical network, and then the hybrid real-time simulation platform is established. The validity and efficiency of the proposed hybrid real-time simulation approach are demonstrated by simulation cases
In this paper, residual similar index was used to characterize the global error of dynamic simulation, and then frequency, damping and amplitude similar indexes were employed to represent features error of transient signals respectively, which formed a complete simulation credibility evaluation theory. A calculation program for simulation credibility evaluation, which was developed by LabVIEW, was employed to analyze the theoretical current waveforms and results of fault simulations. Through simulation credibility analysis, the material quantitative index of simulation errors was obtained by which the credibility of simulation results was evaluated exactly and objectively and the numerical reference for the modifying of model parameters was provided. Simulation results has proved the validity of the proposed power system credibility evaluation theory.
引文
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