基于模糊控制的中小型风力发电机控制器研究
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摘要
中小型风力发电机受安装高度限制,主要工作在风的紊流区域。风速风向的无规则变化对风机的破坏性大。直驱式定桨距风力发电机,发电机轴直接连接到叶轮轴上,转子转速以及发出的交流电频率随风速而改变。其控制系统作为一个高阶、非线性、多变量时变的系统,数学模型难以建立,常规的PID控制很难满足要求。
本论文设计了一种基于模糊控制的中小型风力发电机控制系统。通过将多变量参数输入变换到单一变量参数输入、采用模糊控制算法,以调节叶片的有效迎风面积作为主要调节方式,克服了失速调节和变桨距调节的缺点,提高了额定风速,实现了额定风速以下发电机功率输出的最大化,额定风速以上发电机输出功率的稳定。同时采用GPRS技术实现了网络监控和短信通知报警。另外,硬件结构上设计了多项防干扰措施和硬件保护措施,提高硬件电路的稳定性。
The height of small and medium-sized wind-driven generator installation is limit, and mainly working in the turbulent zone. The speed and direction of the wind change randomly and destructive. To fixed pitch and direct driver wind turbine generators, the axis of generator is directly connected to the shaft of the plain wheel, therefore, the rotor speed and ac frequency change with the wind speed. Wind power control system is a high order, nonlinear multivariable time-varying system, which is hard to establish mathematical model, and conventional PID control can not to meet the requirements.
This thesis introduced a design of wind-driven generator control system based on fuzzy control. Using fuzzy control, mainly by adjusting the effective windward acreage blade, overcome the stall and pitch adjusting faults, realized generator power output maximization below the rated wind speed and generator power output stability above the rated wind speed. At the same time, Realize network monitoring and alarming in short message by using GPRS technologies, In the hardware structure, the anti interference and hardware protection was adopted to improve the stability of the hardware circuit.
本论文设计了一种基于模糊控制的中小型风力发电机控制系统。通过将多变量参数输入变换到单一变量参数输入、采用模糊控制算法,以调节叶片的有效迎风面积作为主要调节方式,克服了失速调节和变桨距调节的缺点,提高了额定风速,实现了额定风速以下发电机功率输出的最大化,额定风速以上发电机输出功率的稳定。同时采用GPRS技术实现了网络监控和短信通知报警。另外,硬件结构上设计了多项防干扰措施和硬件保护措施,提高硬件电路的稳定性。
The height of small and medium-sized wind-driven generator installation is limit, and mainly working in the turbulent zone. The speed and direction of the wind change randomly and destructive. To fixed pitch and direct driver wind turbine generators, the axis of generator is directly connected to the shaft of the plain wheel, therefore, the rotor speed and ac frequency change with the wind speed. Wind power control system is a high order, nonlinear multivariable time-varying system, which is hard to establish mathematical model, and conventional PID control can not to meet the requirements.
This thesis introduced a design of wind-driven generator control system based on fuzzy control. Using fuzzy control, mainly by adjusting the effective windward acreage blade, overcome the stall and pitch adjusting faults, realized generator power output maximization below the rated wind speed and generator power output stability above the rated wind speed. At the same time, Realize network monitoring and alarming in short message by using GPRS technologies, In the hardware structure, the anti interference and hardware protection was adopted to improve the stability of the hardware circuit.
引文
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[6]肖劲松,风力机组控制理论研究的现状与展望.风力发电,2000.
[7]王晓蓉,王伟胜,戴慧珠.我国风力发电现状和展望.中国电力,2004,31-84
[8] European Wind Energy Association. Wind Force 12-A Blueprint to Achieve 12% of the World's Electricity from Wind Power by 2020[R]. Technical report EWEA, 2001.
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[11] SLOOTWEG, J G. Wind Power: Modeling and Impact on Power System Dynamics[D]. Netherlands: Delft University of Technology, 2003.
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[14]刘建业,分组型移动数据业务GPRS.北京:北京机械工业出版社,2003.
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[17]盛鸿,基于GPRS/GPS的嵌入式移动终端的设计实现和应用.北京邮电大学,2004.
[18]郑万溪,黃元庆,张鑫,尹扬岚.基于GPRS通信技术远程气体检测系统信号与系统,传感器世界,2007.
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[22]甘义成,基于GPRS通信技术的智能化配电变压器监控系统的研究与实现[D].广州:华南理工大学硕士论文,2005.
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[24]陈玉强,基于GSM/GPRS网络的煤矿安全监控系统的研究:[硕士论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[25]姜兴华,直驱式风力发电机控制模型.金风科技股份有限公司资料.
[26]王晓明,电动机的单片机控制.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[27]马潮,詹卫前,耿得根,ATmega8原理及应用手册.北京,清华大学出版社,2003.
[28]毛六平,罗文钦,汪鲁才,多功能μP监控芯片IMP706及其应用.国外电子元器件.2000.
[29]张宏,基于单片机的双积分A/D转化器设计。兰州石化职业技术学院学报。8(1)2008.3.
[30]高光天.模数转换器应用技术[M ].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[31] GaryL·Johnson,Wind Energy Systems,Prentice HallIne. Englewood CliffS,N.J.07632.
[32] Cao S G ,Ress N W , Feng G. Stability Analysis of Fuzzy Control System[J]. Transactions on Fuzzy Control ,1996 26(1): 201-204.
[33] P. Fuglsang,H.A. Madsen. Optimization method for wind turbine generators. Journal of Wind Engineer and Industrial Aero dynamics 80(1999).
[34] HIGH-VOLTAGE, HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYS. Datasheet 29304.3E
[35] Mokadem M.E.NichitaC,Reghem P.Dakyo B.Development. Of a maximum power tracking unit integrated in wind turbine simulator[C],Power Electronics and Applications,2005 European Conference,2005:1-10.
[36]沈文,Eagle Lee,詹卫前,AVR单片机C语言开发入门指导,北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[37]章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2001.
[38] Boukhezzar B. Siguerdidjane H.. Nonlinear Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbine without wind speed measurement[C〕,Decision and Control,IEEE Conference,2005: 3456-3461.
[39]王艳,温室环境下多变量模糊控制系统的研究.[硕士论文],辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2005.
[40] Cao S G ,Ress N W , Feng G. Stability Analysis of Fuzzy Control System[J]. Transactions on Fuzzy Control ,1996 26(1): 201-204.
[41] Sugeno M,K Taraka,A fuzzy logic based approach to qualitative modeling,IEEE Ttans on Fuzzy systems,1993.
[42] Pappis,C.P&Mamdani,E.H,A Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Traffic Junction,Reserch Report QueenMary College,London,1976.
[43]程武山,智能控制理论与应用。上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006. 21-51.
[44]张曾科.模糊数学在自动化技术中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[45]宫赤坤,陈翠英,毛罕平,温室环境多变量模糊控制及其仿真.农业机械报,31(6).2000.
[46] M.S.Ju,Design of adaptive fuzzy controls based on natural control laws,Fuzzy sets and systems,1996(81).
[47] J R Jang. Self-learning fuzzy controller based on temp backpropagation .IEEE Trans. Neural Network 1992, 3(5) 714-723
[48] P.M.Anderson,A.Bose,Stability simulation of Wind turbine systems. IEEE Transient ion son Power Apparatus and Systems,1983,102(12):3791-3795.
[49]侯书红等.风力发电机的建模及动态仿真.中小型电机,2000,(4).21-25.
[2]余宗焕.我国风力发电现状与趋势.农村电气化,1999.
[3] W.E.Leithead,D.J.Leith,F.Hardan,H. Markon. Global gain scheduling control for variable speed wind turbines. European Wind Energy Conference,1-5 March 1999.
[4]王承煦,风力发电[M] .北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[5]吴捷、陈鹏鸿.风力发电机控制系统的剖析与总体设计.华南理工大学,1997.
[6]肖劲松,风力机组控制理论研究的现状与展望.风力发电,2000.
[7]王晓蓉,王伟胜,戴慧珠.我国风力发电现状和展望.中国电力,2004,31-84
[8] European Wind Energy Association. Wind Force 12-A Blueprint to Achieve 12% of the World's Electricity from Wind Power by 2020[R]. Technical report EWEA, 2001.
[9] John F.Walker & Nicholas Jenkins,Wind energy technology, JOHN WILLEY & SONs,1997.
[10]哈新军,风力发电的民营思路.商业文化,2008.1.
[11] SLOOTWEG, J G. Wind Power: Modeling and Impact on Power System Dynamics[D]. Netherlands: Delft University of Technology, 2003.
[12]肖劲松,风力机组控制理论研究的现状与展望.风力发电,2000.
[13]吕捷,GPRS技术.北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2001.8.
[14]刘建业,分组型移动数据业务GPRS.北京:北京机械工业出版社,2003.
[15]钟章队,蒋文怡.GPRS通用分组无线业务[M].北京:北京人民邮电出社,2001.
[16] ETSI. General Packer Radio Service(GPRS):Service description, Stage 2(GSM)03.60 version 6.4.0 Release 1997.
[17]盛鸿,基于GPRS/GPS的嵌入式移动终端的设计实现和应用.北京邮电大学,2004.
[18]郑万溪,黃元庆,张鑫,尹扬岚.基于GPRS通信技术远程气体检测系统信号与系统,传感器世界,2007.
[19] SIEMENS Application Developer’s Guide . Application Note 24.
[20]汉泽西,吕飞.GSM网络AT指令仿真系统的研究与开发[J].现代电子术,2005(17):9-11.
[21]杨永立,张保平,嵌入式系统中GPRS模块的应用方法,计算技术与自动化.25(4)2006.12.
[22]甘义成,基于GPRS通信技术的智能化配电变压器监控系统的研究与实现[D].广州:华南理工大学硕士论文,2005.
[23]周升科,谢斌等,基于GSM网短消息的无线数据传输系统.计算技术与自动化.25(5)2005.12.
[24]陈玉强,基于GSM/GPRS网络的煤矿安全监控系统的研究:[硕士论文],武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[25]姜兴华,直驱式风力发电机控制模型.金风科技股份有限公司资料.
[26]王晓明,电动机的单片机控制.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[27]马潮,詹卫前,耿得根,ATmega8原理及应用手册.北京,清华大学出版社,2003.
[28]毛六平,罗文钦,汪鲁才,多功能μP监控芯片IMP706及其应用.国外电子元器件.2000.
[29]张宏,基于单片机的双积分A/D转化器设计。兰州石化职业技术学院学报。8(1)2008.3.
[30]高光天.模数转换器应用技术[M ].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[31] GaryL·Johnson,Wind Energy Systems,Prentice HallIne. Englewood CliffS,N.J.07632.
[32] Cao S G ,Ress N W , Feng G. Stability Analysis of Fuzzy Control System[J]. Transactions on Fuzzy Control ,1996 26(1): 201-204.
[33] P. Fuglsang,H.A. Madsen. Optimization method for wind turbine generators. Journal of Wind Engineer and Industrial Aero dynamics 80(1999).
[34] HIGH-VOLTAGE, HIGH-CURRENT DARLINGTON ARRAYS. Datasheet 29304.3E
[35] Mokadem M.E.NichitaC,Reghem P.Dakyo B.Development. Of a maximum power tracking unit integrated in wind turbine simulator[C],Power Electronics and Applications,2005 European Conference,2005:1-10.
[36]沈文,Eagle Lee,詹卫前,AVR单片机C语言开发入门指导,北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[37]章卫国,杨向忠.模糊控制理论与应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2001.
[38] Boukhezzar B. Siguerdidjane H.. Nonlinear Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbine without wind speed measurement[C〕,Decision and Control,IEEE Conference,2005: 3456-3461.
[39]王艳,温室环境下多变量模糊控制系统的研究.[硕士论文],辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2005.
[40] Cao S G ,Ress N W , Feng G. Stability Analysis of Fuzzy Control System[J]. Transactions on Fuzzy Control ,1996 26(1): 201-204.
[41] Sugeno M,K Taraka,A fuzzy logic based approach to qualitative modeling,IEEE Ttans on Fuzzy systems,1993.
[42] Pappis,C.P&Mamdani,E.H,A Fuzzy Logic Controller for a Traffic Junction,Reserch Report QueenMary College,London,1976.
[43]程武山,智能控制理论与应用。上海:上海交通大学出版社,2006. 21-51.
[44]张曾科.模糊数学在自动化技术中的应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[45]宫赤坤,陈翠英,毛罕平,温室环境多变量模糊控制及其仿真.农业机械报,31(6).2000.
[46] M.S.Ju,Design of adaptive fuzzy controls based on natural control laws,Fuzzy sets and systems,1996(81).
[47] J R Jang. Self-learning fuzzy controller based on temp backpropagation .IEEE Trans. Neural Network 1992, 3(5) 714-723
[48] P.M.Anderson,A.Bose,Stability simulation of Wind turbine systems. IEEE Transient ion son Power Apparatus and Systems,1983,102(12):3791-3795.
[49]侯书红等.风力发电机的建模及动态仿真.中小型电机,2000,(4).21-25.