兆瓦级直驱式复合励磁同步风力发电机组主控制器研制
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摘要
风力发电以一种新型的绿色能源正成为世界各国争相开发的新技术领域,研发具有自主知识产权的风力发电系统可以实现我国的能源多元化,调整我国当前的能源结构,并缩短我国风电行业与国际风电行业的差距。
本文在分析了当前主流直驱式风力发电系统的基础上,提出了一种具有自主知识产权的兆瓦级直驱式复合励磁同步风力发电系统,对此风力发电机组的构成、功率变换器电路和控制系统进行了原理性的分析和功能设计,详细设计了复合励磁控制器、逆变器控制单元、变桨距控制、偏航控制和安全系统的控制方案。本文分析研究了机组主控制器的控制功能、监测参数和风力发电机组的工作模式与过程,构建了基于嵌入式系统技术的机组主控制器的控制平台框架,详细设计了机组主控制器的内部电气与机械连接结构和控制系统冗余措施,提高了控制器的可靠性和抗干扰能力,根据控制器的具体需求,设计了主要功能模块的详细电路。
论文研究了机组主控制器的软件技术及其实现。采用RT-Linux作为控制器实时操作系统来保证系统的处理能力和实时性,建立了基于Linux的嵌入式交叉开发环境,实现了嵌入式实时操作系统RT-Linux的移植,基于RT-Linux进行了驱动程序的开发和任务的分配与编写;采用MiniGUI软件开发包,设计并开发了机组控制系统的图形用户界面,以此建立友好的人机交互界面;采用了SQlite作为嵌入式数据库,在进行SQlite数据库移植的基础上,建立了机组状态数据库、机组事务数据库和机组故障数据库用于记录机组控制系统的实时状态,并分别进行了各个数据库表项的分析与设计。
Wind energy power, as a new type green energy, is being a new technology field which the states all over the worlds want to develop. Studying wind energy power system with autonomous property intellectuelle can realize our country energy multielement, modulate our country current energy structure and reduce difference of wind energy power industry between our country and international.
In this theses, a new MW-level direct-driven mixed-excitation wind energy power system is put forward, based on analyzing current mainstream direct-driven wind energy power system. The constitute, power change circuit and control system of this system is analyzed and designed functional. The control programme of mixed-excitation controller, inverter controller, pitch controller, yaw controller and main controller is designed detail.
The control function and monitor parameter of main controller and the work pattern and process of this system is studied in this theses. The control platform frame of main controller is constituted based on embedded system technology. The inner electric and mechanism connection structure of main controller and the redundance measure of control system is designed in detail. The reliability and anti-disturbance capability of controller is improved. According to controller specific demand, the detail circuit of main function module is designed.
The realization of main controller software is researched in this theses. The process ability and real time of the system is assured by using RT-Linux as controller of embedded real-time operation system. The embedded cross-compile environment based on Linux is established. The RT-Linux transplant of embedded real-time operation system is realized. The driven programme is developed and the task is assigned and written based on RT-Linux. By making use of MiniGUI package, the GUI of control system is designed and developed, which establishes friendly HMI. Adopt SQlite as embedded database, after SQlite transplanted, this paper establish set statue database, set event database and set fault database in order to log real-time statue of control system, future more, this paper analyses and designs those three databases.
本文在分析了当前主流直驱式风力发电系统的基础上,提出了一种具有自主知识产权的兆瓦级直驱式复合励磁同步风力发电系统,对此风力发电机组的构成、功率变换器电路和控制系统进行了原理性的分析和功能设计,详细设计了复合励磁控制器、逆变器控制单元、变桨距控制、偏航控制和安全系统的控制方案。本文分析研究了机组主控制器的控制功能、监测参数和风力发电机组的工作模式与过程,构建了基于嵌入式系统技术的机组主控制器的控制平台框架,详细设计了机组主控制器的内部电气与机械连接结构和控制系统冗余措施,提高了控制器的可靠性和抗干扰能力,根据控制器的具体需求,设计了主要功能模块的详细电路。
论文研究了机组主控制器的软件技术及其实现。采用RT-Linux作为控制器实时操作系统来保证系统的处理能力和实时性,建立了基于Linux的嵌入式交叉开发环境,实现了嵌入式实时操作系统RT-Linux的移植,基于RT-Linux进行了驱动程序的开发和任务的分配与编写;采用MiniGUI软件开发包,设计并开发了机组控制系统的图形用户界面,以此建立友好的人机交互界面;采用了SQlite作为嵌入式数据库,在进行SQlite数据库移植的基础上,建立了机组状态数据库、机组事务数据库和机组故障数据库用于记录机组控制系统的实时状态,并分别进行了各个数据库表项的分析与设计。
Wind energy power, as a new type green energy, is being a new technology field which the states all over the worlds want to develop. Studying wind energy power system with autonomous property intellectuelle can realize our country energy multielement, modulate our country current energy structure and reduce difference of wind energy power industry between our country and international.
In this theses, a new MW-level direct-driven mixed-excitation wind energy power system is put forward, based on analyzing current mainstream direct-driven wind energy power system. The constitute, power change circuit and control system of this system is analyzed and designed functional. The control programme of mixed-excitation controller, inverter controller, pitch controller, yaw controller and main controller is designed detail.
The control function and monitor parameter of main controller and the work pattern and process of this system is studied in this theses. The control platform frame of main controller is constituted based on embedded system technology. The inner electric and mechanism connection structure of main controller and the redundance measure of control system is designed in detail. The reliability and anti-disturbance capability of controller is improved. According to controller specific demand, the detail circuit of main function module is designed.
The realization of main controller software is researched in this theses. The process ability and real time of the system is assured by using RT-Linux as controller of embedded real-time operation system. The embedded cross-compile environment based on Linux is established. The RT-Linux transplant of embedded real-time operation system is realized. The driven programme is developed and the task is assigned and written based on RT-Linux. By making use of MiniGUI package, the GUI of control system is designed and developed, which establishes friendly HMI. Adopt SQlite as embedded database, after SQlite transplanted, this paper establish set statue database, set event database and set fault database in order to log real-time statue of control system, future more, this paper analyses and designs those three databases.
引文
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[2] 易跃春.风力发电现状 发展前景以及市场分析.国际电力,2004(10):54-59
[3] 陈毅聪.我国风电产业及其相关 A 股分析.西南证券有限公司 行业研究,2005-11-25
[4] 王承熙,张源.风力发电.北京:中国电力出版社,2002:120-230
[5] 钱咏虹,刘军.风力发电的产业化之困.了望新闻周刊,2004,(9):8-10
[6] 张方军.风力发电技术及其发展方向.电器时代,2005,(11):22-24
[7] 李亚西,武鑫,赵文武等.世界风力发电现状及发展趋势.太阳能,2004,(1):6-7
[8] 张新房,徐大平,柳亦兵等.风力发电技术的发展及相关控制问题综述.华北电力技术,2005,(5):42-45
[9] 赵永强,李俊峰,许洪华.风力发电技术发展状况与趋势分析.中国能源科技,2006
[10] 栾明奕,王士容,邓英等.可编程控制器在风力发电机控制系统中的应用.应用能源技术,2003,(1):42-44
[11] 邰圣平,赵天洪,陈思宁等.大型风力发电机组微机监控装置的研制.电力系统自动化,1998,12(12):53-55
[12] 姚兴佳,邓英,王湘明.并网型风电机组通用控制技术.太阳能学报,1998,14(2):147-151
[13] 王效良.并网风力发电机组电控系统的设计.电力系统自动化,1997,21(2):55-56
[14] 孙同景,徐德.55/11kW 风力发电 PLC 控制系统.工业控制计算机,1997,(6):24-26
[15] 孙同景,徐德.并网式 55kW 风力发电机组控制系统研究与实现.太阳能学报,1997,(3):322-326
[16] 孟岳勇.MW 级风力发电系统单机电器控制技术研究-中心控制器和软并网系统:[南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2004
[17] 曹仁贤,赵为,屠运武等.变速风力发电系统德电源变换技术.变频器世界,2004,11:53-54
[18] 苑国锋,柴建云,李永乐.变速恒频风力发电机组励磁变频器德研究.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):90-94
[19] 王志华.MW 级变速恒频风力发电机网侧变换器控制技术的研究:[中国科学院电工研究所硕士论文].北京:中国科学院电工研究所,2005
[20] 李强,姚兴佳,陈雷.兆瓦级风电机组变桨距机构分析.沈阳工业大学学报,2004,26(2):146-148
[21] 赵文珍,秦立学,姚兴佳.MW 级风力发电机组变桨距系统建模研究.机床与液压,2006,6:157-158
[22] 叶杭治.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2006,86-99
[23] 刘其辉,贺益康,赵伍德.变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制,电力系统及其自动化,2003,(10):62-67
[24] J.Marques,H Pinheiro,H A Grundling et al.A survey on variable-speed wind turbine system.http://www.ufsm.br/gepoc
[25] 马洪飞,徐殿国.几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案德对比分析.电工技术杂志,2000,(1):1-4
[26] 任光法.复合励磁同步发电机励磁控制系统的研究与设计:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2005
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[28] 李建林,赵栋利,李亚西等.几种适合变速恒频风力发电机并网方式对比分析.电力建设,2006,27(5):8-10
[29] Pena R,Clare JC,Asher G M.Doubly Fed induction generation using back-to-back PWM converts and its application to variable-speed wind energy generation.Electric Power Applications,IEE Proceeding.1996,143(3):231-241
[30] 林勇刚,李伟,陈晓波等.大型风力发电机组独立桨叶控制系统.太阳能学报,2005,26(6):780-786
[31] 林勇刚,李伟,叶杭治等.变速恒频风力机组变桨距控制系统.农业机械学报,2004,35(4):110-114
[32] Danidl Trudnow ski,David Le Mieux.Independent pitch control using rotor position feedback for wind sheer and gravity fatigue reduction in a wind turbine.American Control Conference,2002,(6):4335-4340
[33] MW 级风力发电机组电控系统的功能要求.中国直升机设计研究所,2002,7
[34] 风力发电机组控制其技术条件.GB/T 19069-2003
[35] 姚红菊,武鑫,鄂春良.大型风力发电机组控制系统的安全保护功能.可再生能源,2004,3:57-58
[36] 李驹光,聂雪媛,江泽明等.ARM 应用系统开发详解.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,1-8
[37] SUMSUNG.Sumsung S3C2410X User Manual Revision1.2.2003
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