风电场电压控制的研究
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摘要
相对火电、核电能源,风电作为一种成本低、污染小的清洁能源,已被当今社会高度认可。风力发电虽然具备资源丰富、经济效益高、污染小等优点,但其仍然有着不容忽视的缺点：风能的波动性。风速和风向的随机不可控,成为风力发电稳定性差的根本原因。当风速强烈波动时,风电机组出力大幅度变化,势必会影响系统潮流分布、电压的波动。另一方面,电网出现故障或扰动时,异步风力发电机组需要从电网吸收大量的无功功率,将会影响电网运行的稳定性。
本文针对风电场自身不具备电压-无功调节能力的问题,分析了无功补偿技术及有载调压变压器的调压原理,并设计了适合风电场并网点的无功-电压协调控制策略,并在仿真的过程中逐步优化此控制策略。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了优化后的无功-电压协调控制模块,通过监测并网点的电压与功率因数,实现了有载调压变压器分接头调压与无功补偿装置调压的协调作用,最终实现了并网点的电压-无功协调控制。
本文在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了含恒速异步风电机组及含双馈式风电机组的风电场并网模型,分别对无控制措施、仅安装无功补偿装置SVC及安装电压-无功协调控制模块三种并网模型,进行风速扰动、电网故障条件下的仿真分析。得到结论：(1)在恒速异步机并网点安装无功补偿装置SVC后,对于并网点电压、功率因数的调节有一定程度的改善作用。(2)在恒速异步机并网点安装电压-无功协调控制模块,对于并网点电压、功率因数的调节有非常好的改善作用,其效果优于仅安装SVC的情况。(3)电压-无功协调控制策略对双馈式风电机组并网点电压的调节影响不大。
Comparing with thermal power and nuclear energy, wind power is highly recognized on the society as a kind of natural resources which costs lower and has less pollution. Although wind power has the advantages of rich resources, high economic benefit and low pollution, it still has shortcomings which cannot be ignored:the fluctuations of wind resource. The uncontrollable speed and direction of wind, becomes the causes of instability wind power of the root causes of instability of wind power generation. The power flow calculation result will get fluctuant as the change of wind speed. Further more, when there is a fault happens in the grid, the wind turbine will absorb much reactive power from the grid, which will cause instability of power system.
According to the problem of wind farm lack of voltage-reactive power adjustment ability, this paper has analyzed the principle of reactive power compensation technology and on-load transformer changer regulating voltage, then designed a reactive power and voltage coordination control strategy for the node voltage of wind farm accessing to the Grid, and optimized the control strategy according to the simulation. This paper has built the control strategy which is optimized in matlab/simulink software. According to monitoring the voltage and power factor of the accessing node, this paper well performed the control effect, and finally achieved the node voltage control effectively.
The models of fixed speed induction generator wind farm and doubly-fed induction generator wind farm are built in the paper, and simulate in the following conditions: no control measures, just installing SVC and installing reactive power and voltage coordination control strategy. And at last the conclusions are given by the simulation results:(1) After installing SVC in fixed speed induction generator wind farm model, the adjustment ability of adjusting the voltage of PCC.(2) After taking reactive power and voltage coordination control strategy in fixed speed induction generator wind farm model, the adjustment ability of the voltage and power factor of the accessing node get much more better than that when only install SVC.(3) Reactive power and voltage coordination control strategy doesn't have much effect on the node voltage control of the doubly-fed induction generator wind farm accessing to the grid.
本文针对风电场自身不具备电压-无功调节能力的问题,分析了无功补偿技术及有载调压变压器的调压原理,并设计了适合风电场并网点的无功-电压协调控制策略,并在仿真的过程中逐步优化此控制策略。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了优化后的无功-电压协调控制模块,通过监测并网点的电压与功率因数,实现了有载调压变压器分接头调压与无功补偿装置调压的协调作用,最终实现了并网点的电压-无功协调控制。
本文在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了含恒速异步风电机组及含双馈式风电机组的风电场并网模型,分别对无控制措施、仅安装无功补偿装置SVC及安装电压-无功协调控制模块三种并网模型,进行风速扰动、电网故障条件下的仿真分析。得到结论：(1)在恒速异步机并网点安装无功补偿装置SVC后,对于并网点电压、功率因数的调节有一定程度的改善作用。(2)在恒速异步机并网点安装电压-无功协调控制模块,对于并网点电压、功率因数的调节有非常好的改善作用,其效果优于仅安装SVC的情况。(3)电压-无功协调控制策略对双馈式风电机组并网点电压的调节影响不大。
Comparing with thermal power and nuclear energy, wind power is highly recognized on the society as a kind of natural resources which costs lower and has less pollution. Although wind power has the advantages of rich resources, high economic benefit and low pollution, it still has shortcomings which cannot be ignored:the fluctuations of wind resource. The uncontrollable speed and direction of wind, becomes the causes of instability wind power of the root causes of instability of wind power generation. The power flow calculation result will get fluctuant as the change of wind speed. Further more, when there is a fault happens in the grid, the wind turbine will absorb much reactive power from the grid, which will cause instability of power system.
According to the problem of wind farm lack of voltage-reactive power adjustment ability, this paper has analyzed the principle of reactive power compensation technology and on-load transformer changer regulating voltage, then designed a reactive power and voltage coordination control strategy for the node voltage of wind farm accessing to the Grid, and optimized the control strategy according to the simulation. This paper has built the control strategy which is optimized in matlab/simulink software. According to monitoring the voltage and power factor of the accessing node, this paper well performed the control effect, and finally achieved the node voltage control effectively.
The models of fixed speed induction generator wind farm and doubly-fed induction generator wind farm are built in the paper, and simulate in the following conditions: no control measures, just installing SVC and installing reactive power and voltage coordination control strategy. And at last the conclusions are given by the simulation results:(1) After installing SVC in fixed speed induction generator wind farm model, the adjustment ability of adjusting the voltage of PCC.(2) After taking reactive power and voltage coordination control strategy in fixed speed induction generator wind farm model, the adjustment ability of the voltage and power factor of the accessing node get much more better than that when only install SVC.(3) Reactive power and voltage coordination control strategy doesn't have much effect on the node voltage control of the doubly-fed induction generator wind farm accessing to the grid.
引文
[1]李建丽.大型风电场并网对电力系统电压稳定性的影响[学位论文].青岛大学.2007.
[2]张兴,张龙云,杨淑英,余勇,曹仁贤.风力发电低电压穿越技术综述.电力系统及其自动化学报..2008年4月.第20卷(2).P1-P8.
[3]向大为,杨顺昌,冉立.电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的系统仿真研究.中国电机工程学报.2006.第26卷(10).P130—135.
[4]孙强,苗继春.风力发电机组低电压穿越能力分析.东北电力技术.2009.第6期.P42-44.
[5]关宏亮,赵海翔,王伟胜,戴慧珠,杨以涵.风电机组低电压穿越功能及其应用.电工技术学报.2007.第22卷(10).P173-177.
[6]陈思哲,吴捷,柳明.双馈感应风力发电系统低电压穿越控制.太阳能学报.2009.第30卷(11).P 1527-1534.
[7]胡家兵,孙丹,贺益康等.电网电压骤降故障下双馈风力发电机建模与控制.电力系统自动化.2006.第30卷(8).P21-26.
[8]孔德国,赵斌.基于Crowbar电路的双馈感应式发电系统低电压穿越特性研究.高校教育研究.2008.第16期.P148-149.
[9]李晶,宋家骅,王伟胜.考虑变频器特性的变速恒频双馈风力发电机组控制策略的研究与仿真.电网技术.2004.第28卷(21).P11-16.
[10]郎永强,张学广,徐殿国等.双馈电机风电场无功功率分析及控制策略.中国电机工程学报.2007.第27卷(9).P77-82.
[11]肖磊.直驱型永磁风力发电系统低电压穿越技术研究[学位论文].湖南大学.2009.4.
[12]王伟.同步风力发电机的稳态模型及其并网问题研究[学位论文].北京交通大学.2008.6
[13]王跃武.变电站电压无功控制策略与实现[学位论文].东南大学.2006.9.
[14]张平.风电场无功功率优化补偿技术研究[学位论文].长沙理工大学.2009.4.
[15]吴俊勇,徐丽杰,郎兵等.电力系统基础.北京.北京交通大学出版社.2008.2.
[16]孙建,李泽进.变压器有载分接开关的常见问题和处理措施TECHNOLOGY技术报.2010.第3卷.P78-79.
[17]刘海波.变电站自动化系统中电压无功综合控制的研究[学位论文].天津大学.2007.12
[18]霍春荣,尹新东.浅谈有载调压变压器分接头和补偿电容器的综合控制.内蒙古水利.2008.第2期.P131-132.
[19]蔡凯.风电场对电力系统稳定性的影响[学位论文].江苏大学.2008.6
[20]Low Voltage Ride Through of Wind Farms With Cage Generators:STATCOM Versus SVC. Marta Molinas, Jon Are Suul, and Tore Urideland, Fellow, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL.23, NO.3, MAY 2008
[21]Enhancement Voltage Stability of Wind Farm -Access to Power Grid by Novel SVC. Junjie Zhang, Zhongdong Yin. North China Electric Power University Beijing, China, 102206. ICIEA 2009
[22]迟永宁.大型风电场接入电网的稳定性问题研究[学位论文].中国电力科学研究院.2006
[23]杨娜.大型风电场接入电网后的系统稳定性分析[学位论文].上海交通大学.2008.2.
[24]蒋斌.考虑风速随机性的含风电场电力系统电压稳定性研究[学位论文].长沙理工大学. 2009.4.
[25]魏林君.变速风电机组低电压穿越能力研究[学位论文].山东大学.2009.4.
[26]刘艳妮.风电场并网运行电压稳定性研究[学位论文].北京交通大学.2007.12.
[27]冯煜理,陈陈.静止同步补偿器与传统静止无功补偿器的比较与分析.华东电力2005.第33卷(9).P16-19.
[28]王云.系统故障条件下风力发电机组的运行分析[学位论文].北京交通大学.2009.6
[29]Abbey C, Joos G Effect of Low Voltage Ride Through(LVRT)Characteristic on Voltage Stability[C]. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting: VOl.2. June 12-16,2005, San Francisco, New York, USA.
[30]李林川,李俊元,武文杰.考虑变压器分接头动作次数限制的综合无功优化.中国电力.2005.第38卷(2).P49-52.
[31]张勇.与有载调压器配合的静止无功补偿控制研究[学位论文].山东大学.2008.5.
[32]崔艳艳.基于电子电力变压器的配电网无功电压优化控制[学位论文].华中科技大学.2006.4.
[33]胡冬良,赵成勇,李广凯.大型风电场联网方式的仿真对比分析.中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十四届学术年会论文集.P2379-2482
[34]刘洋.风电接入电网的电压无功支撑规律研究[学位论文].山东大学.2009.4
[35]李鑫基.基于SVG技术的风力发电系统电压稳定控制研究[学位论文].华北电力大学.2008.4.
[36]何丽平.定桨距异步风力发电机运行特性分析与电压控制研究[学位论文].东北电力大学.2007.3
[37]夏云峰.分布式发电系统接地保护与无功补偿技术研究[学位论文].长沙理工大学.2008
[38]王茂春.计及接入点电压控制的双馈感应风电机组运行控制策略研究[学位论文].东北电力大学.2008.3
[39]乔震莉.变压器分接头位置估计改进算法在晋中电网的应用[学位论文].华北电力大学.2004.12.
[40]宋轶博,孙伟,苗友忠.具有变压器分接头和补偿动作次数限制的无功优化.继电器学报.第32卷(14).P16-24.
[41]洪秀丽.风电场模型研究及其在DDRTS中的应用[学位论文].北京交通大学.2009.6.
[42]任红.采用无功补偿设备提高风电场LVRT能力及系统电压稳定性的研究[学位论文].北京交通大学.2011.6.
[43]丘忠.含风电场电网的静态电压稳定性研究[学位论文].华北电力大学.2008.12
[2]张兴,张龙云,杨淑英,余勇,曹仁贤.风力发电低电压穿越技术综述.电力系统及其自动化学报..2008年4月.第20卷(2).P1-P8.
[3]向大为,杨顺昌,冉立.电网对称故障时双馈感应发电机不脱网运行的系统仿真研究.中国电机工程学报.2006.第26卷(10).P130—135.
[4]孙强,苗继春.风力发电机组低电压穿越能力分析.东北电力技术.2009.第6期.P42-44.
[5]关宏亮,赵海翔,王伟胜,戴慧珠,杨以涵.风电机组低电压穿越功能及其应用.电工技术学报.2007.第22卷(10).P173-177.
[6]陈思哲,吴捷,柳明.双馈感应风力发电系统低电压穿越控制.太阳能学报.2009.第30卷(11).P 1527-1534.
[7]胡家兵,孙丹,贺益康等.电网电压骤降故障下双馈风力发电机建模与控制.电力系统自动化.2006.第30卷(8).P21-26.
[8]孔德国,赵斌.基于Crowbar电路的双馈感应式发电系统低电压穿越特性研究.高校教育研究.2008.第16期.P148-149.
[9]李晶,宋家骅,王伟胜.考虑变频器特性的变速恒频双馈风力发电机组控制策略的研究与仿真.电网技术.2004.第28卷(21).P11-16.
[10]郎永强,张学广,徐殿国等.双馈电机风电场无功功率分析及控制策略.中国电机工程学报.2007.第27卷(9).P77-82.
[11]肖磊.直驱型永磁风力发电系统低电压穿越技术研究[学位论文].湖南大学.2009.4.
[12]王伟.同步风力发电机的稳态模型及其并网问题研究[学位论文].北京交通大学.2008.6
[13]王跃武.变电站电压无功控制策略与实现[学位论文].东南大学.2006.9.
[14]张平.风电场无功功率优化补偿技术研究[学位论文].长沙理工大学.2009.4.
[15]吴俊勇,徐丽杰,郎兵等.电力系统基础.北京.北京交通大学出版社.2008.2.
[16]孙建,李泽进.变压器有载分接开关的常见问题和处理措施TECHNOLOGY技术报.2010.第3卷.P78-79.
[17]刘海波.变电站自动化系统中电压无功综合控制的研究[学位论文].天津大学.2007.12
[18]霍春荣,尹新东.浅谈有载调压变压器分接头和补偿电容器的综合控制.内蒙古水利.2008.第2期.P131-132.
[19]蔡凯.风电场对电力系统稳定性的影响[学位论文].江苏大学.2008.6
[20]Low Voltage Ride Through of Wind Farms With Cage Generators:STATCOM Versus SVC. Marta Molinas, Jon Are Suul, and Tore Urideland, Fellow, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL.23, NO.3, MAY 2008
[21]Enhancement Voltage Stability of Wind Farm -Access to Power Grid by Novel SVC. Junjie Zhang, Zhongdong Yin. North China Electric Power University Beijing, China, 102206. ICIEA 2009
[22]迟永宁.大型风电场接入电网的稳定性问题研究[学位论文].中国电力科学研究院.2006
[23]杨娜.大型风电场接入电网后的系统稳定性分析[学位论文].上海交通大学.2008.2.
[24]蒋斌.考虑风速随机性的含风电场电力系统电压稳定性研究[学位论文].长沙理工大学. 2009.4.
[25]魏林君.变速风电机组低电压穿越能力研究[学位论文].山东大学.2009.4.
[26]刘艳妮.风电场并网运行电压稳定性研究[学位论文].北京交通大学.2007.12.
[27]冯煜理,陈陈.静止同步补偿器与传统静止无功补偿器的比较与分析.华东电力2005.第33卷(9).P16-19.
[28]王云.系统故障条件下风力发电机组的运行分析[学位论文].北京交通大学.2009.6
[29]Abbey C, Joos G Effect of Low Voltage Ride Through(LVRT)Characteristic on Voltage Stability[C]. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting: VOl.2. June 12-16,2005, San Francisco, New York, USA.
[30]李林川,李俊元,武文杰.考虑变压器分接头动作次数限制的综合无功优化.中国电力.2005.第38卷(2).P49-52.
[31]张勇.与有载调压器配合的静止无功补偿控制研究[学位论文].山东大学.2008.5.
[32]崔艳艳.基于电子电力变压器的配电网无功电压优化控制[学位论文].华中科技大学.2006.4.
[33]胡冬良,赵成勇,李广凯.大型风电场联网方式的仿真对比分析.中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十四届学术年会论文集.P2379-2482
[34]刘洋.风电接入电网的电压无功支撑规律研究[学位论文].山东大学.2009.4
[35]李鑫基.基于SVG技术的风力发电系统电压稳定控制研究[学位论文].华北电力大学.2008.4.
[36]何丽平.定桨距异步风力发电机运行特性分析与电压控制研究[学位论文].东北电力大学.2007.3
[37]夏云峰.分布式发电系统接地保护与无功补偿技术研究[学位论文].长沙理工大学.2008
[38]王茂春.计及接入点电压控制的双馈感应风电机组运行控制策略研究[学位论文].东北电力大学.2008.3
[39]乔震莉.变压器分接头位置估计改进算法在晋中电网的应用[学位论文].华北电力大学.2004.12.
[40]宋轶博,孙伟,苗友忠.具有变压器分接头和补偿动作次数限制的无功优化.继电器学报.第32卷(14).P16-24.
[41]洪秀丽.风电场模型研究及其在DDRTS中的应用[学位论文].北京交通大学.2009.6.
[42]任红.采用无功补偿设备提高风电场LVRT能力及系统电压稳定性的研究[学位论文].北京交通大学.2011.6.
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