直驱式风力发电试验平台设计
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摘要
虽然风电装机容量不断增长，但是风力发电技术并不完善，因此开展对风力发电技术的研究是很有必要的。本文以甘肃省自然科学基金项目“直驱风电机组并网运行性能与故障穿越控制技术”和甘肃省科技支撑计划项目“大电网并网关键技术研究”为背景，以TI公司的TMS320F2812DSP为控制器，设计一套小功率直驱式风力发电试验平台，为在实验室研究风力发电技术提供实现的载体。
本文首先介绍课题研究的目的和意义以及国内外研究现状，分析直驱式风力发电的基本理论，对永磁同步发电机和PWM变流器进行研究，建立它们在三相静止坐标系下和两相旋转坐标下的数学模型，为变流器控制系统的设计奠定理论基础。
重点研究试验平台的硬件设计方案，对风力机模拟装置、电力电子变流装置、试验平台检测电路、驱动电路以及控制电路进行设计。通过试验平台各功能模块设计和元器件选型，以TMS320F2812DSP为核心设计试验平台的硬件系统，搭建直驱式风力发电试验平台。
对机侧PWM整流器和网侧PWM逆变器的控制方法进行研究，确定试验平台变流器系统的控制方法。试验平台机侧PWM整流器采用基于转子磁链定向的电压外环、电流内环控制，网侧逆变器采用基于电网电压定向的双闭环控制，研究调节器的工程设计方法。在CCS3.3环境下完成系统软件的设计和调试。
最后通过整机调试，完成对试验平台的测试，通过对测试结果的分析，验证本系统设计的合理性。
Although the world wind generation capacity is in constant growth, thetechnology of wind generation is not perfect. This dissertation is a part of the projectof " Direct-driven Wind Generator Operation Performance and Control Technologyof Fault Ride Through， which is natural science fund program in gansu province.Choose the DSP TMS320F2812as the core device, and design a set of small powerwind generation test platform.
Firstly, this paper introduced the purpose and significance of wind generation.Then the present situation of research was introduced both domestic and abroad.Analysis basic theory of direct-driven wind generation, the permanent magnetsynchronous generator and PWM converter is to analysis in detailed, and establishedmathematical model of converter in three-phase static coordinate and two-phaserotation coordinates.
Secondly, research on the design scheme of test platform of hardware, designwind turbine simulator, the power electronic converter device, platform detectioncircuit, drive circuit and control circuit and other parts. Through the design offunction module and choose components, we use the2812DSP as the core device,and build the direct-driven type of wind generation experimental platform.
Thirdly, focus on the method of control to do research in dual PWM converter,and the generator side PWM converter was controlled based on the rotorflux-oriented, the control of grid-side PWM converter is based on gridvoltage-oriented. The converter system is based voltage and current dual closed-loopcontrol. Study engineering design method of calculate regulator. Design the softwareof system in CCS3.3.
Finally, test platform by the machine commissioning, the test analysis result hasdemonstrated that the design of the system is rational.
本文首先介绍课题研究的目的和意义以及国内外研究现状，分析直驱式风力发电的基本理论，对永磁同步发电机和PWM变流器进行研究，建立它们在三相静止坐标系下和两相旋转坐标下的数学模型，为变流器控制系统的设计奠定理论基础。
重点研究试验平台的硬件设计方案，对风力机模拟装置、电力电子变流装置、试验平台检测电路、驱动电路以及控制电路进行设计。通过试验平台各功能模块设计和元器件选型，以TMS320F2812DSP为核心设计试验平台的硬件系统，搭建直驱式风力发电试验平台。
对机侧PWM整流器和网侧PWM逆变器的控制方法进行研究，确定试验平台变流器系统的控制方法。试验平台机侧PWM整流器采用基于转子磁链定向的电压外环、电流内环控制，网侧逆变器采用基于电网电压定向的双闭环控制，研究调节器的工程设计方法。在CCS3.3环境下完成系统软件的设计和调试。
最后通过整机调试，完成对试验平台的测试，通过对测试结果的分析，验证本系统设计的合理性。
Although the world wind generation capacity is in constant growth, thetechnology of wind generation is not perfect. This dissertation is a part of the projectof " Direct-driven Wind Generator Operation Performance and Control Technologyof Fault Ride Through， which is natural science fund program in gansu province.Choose the DSP TMS320F2812as the core device, and design a set of small powerwind generation test platform.
Firstly, this paper introduced the purpose and significance of wind generation.Then the present situation of research was introduced both domestic and abroad.Analysis basic theory of direct-driven wind generation, the permanent magnetsynchronous generator and PWM converter is to analysis in detailed, and establishedmathematical model of converter in three-phase static coordinate and two-phaserotation coordinates.
Secondly, research on the design scheme of test platform of hardware, designwind turbine simulator, the power electronic converter device, platform detectioncircuit, drive circuit and control circuit and other parts. Through the design offunction module and choose components, we use the2812DSP as the core device,and build the direct-driven type of wind generation experimental platform.
Thirdly, focus on the method of control to do research in dual PWM converter,and the generator side PWM converter was controlled based on the rotorflux-oriented, the control of grid-side PWM converter is based on gridvoltage-oriented. The converter system is based voltage and current dual closed-loopcontrol. Study engineering design method of calculate regulator. Design the softwareof system in CCS3.3.
Finally, test platform by the machine commissioning, the test analysis result hasdemonstrated that the design of the system is rational.
引文
[1]肖创英.欧美风电发展的经验与启示[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010
[2]张志英,赵萍,李银凤.风能与风力发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010
[3]Yuechun Y. Present situation, future perspective and market analysis of windpower worldwide[J]. International electric power for China,2004,8(5):18-22
[4]於岳亮.风电机组发电机技术发展与展望[J].电力与能源,2011,32(4):325-328
[5]崔建红,许建,刘京爱.我国风力发电的现状与趋势[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009,19(10):121-122
[6]王承煦.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[7]世界风能协会.2010年全球风能统计风力发电.中国风能,2011
[8]新电力网.2010中国风力发电产业.www.xindianli.com,2011-03-05
[9]廖明夫.风力发电技术[M].西安:中国电力出版社,2009
[10]葛鹏遥.永磁直驱风力发电机组变流技术研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2009
[11]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[12]杨恩星,仇志玲.并联双PWM变流器在永磁直驱风力发电系统中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(10):95-98
[13]Bimal K Bose. Modem Power Electronics and AC Drives[J]．Pearson EducationPub,2001,34-68
[14]瞿兴鸿,廖勇.永磁同步直驱风力发电系统的并网变流器设计[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(3):22-24
[15]乔明,林飞,孙湖.基于异步电机的风力机模拟实验平台的研究[J].电气传动,2009,39(1):40-43
[16]周维来.基于双PWM控制永磁直驱风电变流器的研究[J].节能与新能源,2010,20(10):60-63
[17]唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计[M]．北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[18]李发海,王岩.电机与拖动基础[M]．北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[19]张崇兴,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[20]孙延昭,黄守道.直驱式永磁同步风电机组机侧PWM控制[J].电气传动,2009,39(11):42-44
[21]王慧,任恩恩.IPM智能功率模块及其应用[J].工业技术,2007,5（21）:51-53
[22]姚俊,廖勇.永磁直驱风电机组的双PWM变换器协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(20):88-92
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[24]林波.直驱式风电机组变流控制系统的设计与研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
[25]田治理,李浩光.基于SVPWM并联有源电力滤波的应用研究及仿真[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(9):93-96
[26]杨东凯,梁帆,凌贵龙.DSP嵌入式系统设计与开发应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[27]李红果.一种光电编码器位置检测系统研究与应用[J].微计算机与应用,2008,24(2):88-90
[28]王翔,郝玉福.光电编码器输出信号调理电路的设计[J].智能检测,2010,70-71
[29]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[30]苏晓东.基于直接功率控制风力发电并网变流器的研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008
[31]万山明.TMS320F281xDSP原理及应用实例[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[32]蒋新成.基于DSP的变速恒频风力发电机控制器的研究与设计[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008
[33] P.G Handley,J.T.Boys. Practical real-time PWM modulators: an assessment[J].IEEE, Proceedings B,1992,139(2):96-102
[34]Moniea.Chinehilla,Santiago Arealtes.Contro1of Permanent Magnet GeneratorsApplied to Variable Speed Wind Energy Systems Connected to the Grid[J]．IEEE,2003
[35]KeLiang Zhou, Danwei Wang. Digital repetitive controlled three-phase PWMrectiner[J]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003, l8(1):309-316
[36]Thomas G,Habetler. A space vector—based rectifier regulator for AC／DC／AC Convertors[J]. IEEE Trans Power Electronics,1993,8(1):30-36
[37]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统—运动控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[38]余浩赞.直驱风力发电机组机侧变流器控制系统设计与实现[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2005
[39]Subtract K,Joao.Pinto, Bimal K. Bose. A Neural-Network-Based Space-VectorPWM Controller for a Three-Level Voltage-Fed Inverter Induction MotorDrive[J]. IEEE, Transactions on Industry Applications,2002,38(1):660-669
[40]李晓华.直驱风力发电网侧便利系统的研究与开发[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
[41]孙孝峰,王立孝.三相变流器调制与控制技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010
[42] Chiu-Keng Lai, Kuo-Kai Shyu．A Novel Motor Drive Design for IncrementalMotion System Via Sliding-Mode Control Method[J].IEEE,Transactions OnIndustrial Electronics,2005,52(2):499-507
[43]shicheng Zhang, Peizhen Wang, Lusheng Ge. Study Waveform of PhotovoltaicGrid-Connected System[J]. IEEE,on Improving Output Current,2006,7803-9514
[44]平定钢.风力发电并网变流器实验平台的设计与研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008
[45]张少伟.SVPWM在有源逆变中的研究和应用[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008
[46]Sergey Peresada, Andrea Tilli et a1. Indirect Stator Flux—oriented outputFeedback Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Machine. IEEE Trans[J]. OnControl System Technology,2003,1l(6):875-888
[47]Texas Instruments.TMS320C24x PWM Full Compare in Symmetric Mode[J].Application report,1997,369(28):1120-1131
[48]魏克新.基于DSP控制变流器的新型控制方法[J].电气应用,2005,24（8）:42-45
[49]李铁.基于DSP的永磁同步电机控制系统[J].机电产品开发与创新,2007,20(1):153-155
[50]张喜茂.直驱风力发电变流器及控制研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2010
[51]刘和平.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[2]张志英,赵萍,李银凤.风能与风力发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010
[3]Yuechun Y. Present situation, future perspective and market analysis of windpower worldwide[J]. International electric power for China,2004,8(5):18-22
[4]於岳亮.风电机组发电机技术发展与展望[J].电力与能源,2011,32(4):325-328
[5]崔建红,许建,刘京爱.我国风力发电的现状与趋势[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009,19(10):121-122
[6]王承煦.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[7]世界风能协会.2010年全球风能统计风力发电.中国风能,2011
[8]新电力网.2010中国风力发电产业.www.xindianli.com,2011-03-05
[9]廖明夫.风力发电技术[M].西安:中国电力出版社,2009
[10]葛鹏遥.永磁直驱风力发电机组变流技术研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2009
[11]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[12]杨恩星,仇志玲.并联双PWM变流器在永磁直驱风力发电系统中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(10):95-98
[13]Bimal K Bose. Modem Power Electronics and AC Drives[J]．Pearson EducationPub,2001,34-68
[14]瞿兴鸿,廖勇.永磁同步直驱风力发电系统的并网变流器设计[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(3):22-24
[15]乔明,林飞,孙湖.基于异步电机的风力机模拟实验平台的研究[J].电气传动,2009,39(1):40-43
[16]周维来.基于双PWM控制永磁直驱风电变流器的研究[J].节能与新能源,2010,20(10):60-63
[17]唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计[M]．北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[18]李发海,王岩.电机与拖动基础[M]．北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[19]张崇兴,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[20]孙延昭,黄守道.直驱式永磁同步风电机组机侧PWM控制[J].电气传动,2009,39(11):42-44
[21]王慧,任恩恩.IPM智能功率模块及其应用[J].工业技术,2007,5（21）:51-53
[22]姚俊,廖勇.永磁直驱风电机组的双PWM变换器协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(20):88-92
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[24]林波.直驱式风电机组变流控制系统的设计与研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
[25]田治理,李浩光.基于SVPWM并联有源电力滤波的应用研究及仿真[J].电力自动化设备,2008,28(9):93-96
[26]杨东凯,梁帆,凌贵龙.DSP嵌入式系统设计与开发应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[27]李红果.一种光电编码器位置检测系统研究与应用[J].微计算机与应用,2008,24(2):88-90
[28]王翔,郝玉福.光电编码器输出信号调理电路的设计[J].智能检测,2010,70-71
[29]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[30]苏晓东.基于直接功率控制风力发电并网变流器的研究[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008
[31]万山明.TMS320F281xDSP原理及应用实例[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[32]蒋新成.基于DSP的变速恒频风力发电机控制器的研究与设计[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008
[33] P.G Handley,J.T.Boys. Practical real-time PWM modulators: an assessment[J].IEEE, Proceedings B,1992,139(2):96-102
[34]Moniea.Chinehilla,Santiago Arealtes.Contro1of Permanent Magnet GeneratorsApplied to Variable Speed Wind Energy Systems Connected to the Grid[J]．IEEE,2003
[35]KeLiang Zhou, Danwei Wang. Digital repetitive controlled three-phase PWMrectiner[J]．IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003, l8(1):309-316
[36]Thomas G,Habetler. A space vector—based rectifier regulator for AC／DC／AC Convertors[J]. IEEE Trans Power Electronics,1993,8(1):30-36
[37]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统—运动控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[38]余浩赞.直驱风力发电机组机侧变流器控制系统设计与实现[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2005
[39]Subtract K,Joao.Pinto, Bimal K. Bose. A Neural-Network-Based Space-VectorPWM Controller for a Three-Level Voltage-Fed Inverter Induction MotorDrive[J]. IEEE, Transactions on Industry Applications,2002,38(1):660-669
[40]李晓华.直驱风力发电网侧便利系统的研究与开发[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
[41]孙孝峰,王立孝.三相变流器调制与控制技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2010
[42] Chiu-Keng Lai, Kuo-Kai Shyu．A Novel Motor Drive Design for IncrementalMotion System Via Sliding-Mode Control Method[J].IEEE,Transactions OnIndustrial Electronics,2005,52(2):499-507
[43]shicheng Zhang, Peizhen Wang, Lusheng Ge. Study Waveform of PhotovoltaicGrid-Connected System[J]. IEEE,on Improving Output Current,2006,7803-9514
[44]平定钢.风力发电并网变流器实验平台的设计与研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008
[45]张少伟.SVPWM在有源逆变中的研究和应用[D].华北电力大学硕士学位论文,2008
[46]Sergey Peresada, Andrea Tilli et a1. Indirect Stator Flux—oriented outputFeedback Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Machine. IEEE Trans[J]. OnControl System Technology,2003,1l(6):875-888
[47]Texas Instruments.TMS320C24x PWM Full Compare in Symmetric Mode[J].Application report,1997,369(28):1120-1131
[48]魏克新.基于DSP控制变流器的新型控制方法[J].电气应用,2005,24（8）:42-45
[49]李铁.基于DSP的永磁同步电机控制系统[J].机电产品开发与创新,2007,20(1):153-155
[50]张喜茂.直驱风力发电变流器及控制研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2010
[51]刘和平.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003