爆破过程高速摄像方法研究
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摘要
高速摄像这门技术在我国还很年轻。近年来,无论在高速摄像机的研制还是高速摄像技术本身,都有了很大的发展,在科学技术领域中已得到了人们极大的重视和广泛的应用。
在爆破工程领域的研究中,高速摄像已成为一个不可或缺的重要研究工具之一,利用高速摄像的方法观测爆炸的瞬变过程,有其突出的优点,它不受电场、磁场的干扰,高速摄像方法比较直观,能够即时重演被记录的过程,并将时间放大到数百万倍以上,这就有可能来仔细观察瞬息变化的微小过程。
为充分利用高速摄像性能,完善高速摄像量测技术,开展了如下几方面的研究：
(1)查阅资料,找出与起爆器材性能、炸药性能、爆破效应相关的主要参数(或物理量)及其光测测量方法；
(2)对主要参数进行分析归类并对这些物理量的信号特征进行分析；
(3)探讨台阶爆破的光测测量方法；
(4)根据所选定要测量的参数,通过经验方法、类比法和理论计算,选定合适的拍摄方法。
在理论分析的基础上,本文详细介绍了高速摄像技术在爆破工程中的应用,主要做了以下几项工作：
(1)介绍了高速摄像的理论基础、分类、摄像机与测量控制布置原则以及高速摄像系统参数的确定,在参数确定中给出了具体的参数设定公式,为后期高速摄像的实现提供了理论基础。
(2)爆破器材在爆破中起着决定性作用,本文详细阐述了爆破器材的高速摄像测试应用,包括雷管精度的测试、导爆索和导爆管传爆速度、炸药爆速和爆轰压力的测量。
(3)为了更好对台阶爆破进行高速摄像的观测,本文分析了台阶爆破运动过程的特征。分析了岩体爆破时的鼓包运动以及爆堆的形成。在此基础上,详细介绍了台阶爆破高速摄像技术,详细论述了高速摄像在台阶爆破中的具体应用。
High-speed photography technology is still very young in our country. In recent years, there has been a great development both in high-speed camera developing and high-speed photographic technique, it has got a great attention and wide application.
In blasting engineering research, high-speed camera has become one of the important tools of research that indispensable. Using the method of high-speed video to observe the transient process of explosion has its distinct advantages, it does not suffer the interference of the electric field and the magnetic field. The process can be visually repeated immediately, and the record time can be enlarged to millions of times more time, that makes it possible to observe carefully of the rapidly changing process of the tiny.
To take the full advantage of high-speed camera performance, and improve high-speed photograph measurement techniques, we carried out the following aspects of the research.
(1) Access to information, found the main parameters (or physical) related to the initiating equipment performance, the performance of explosives and the blasting effect, and its measurement methods of optical measurement.
(2) Analyzed and classified on the main parameters, the signal characteristics of these physical quantities were also analyzed.
(3) Explore the methods of optical measurement about the bench blasting.
(4) According to the selected parameters to be measured, we carried out empirical methods, analogy methods and the theoretical calculation, to select the appropriate method of shooting.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper describes the application of high-speed video technology in blasting engineering, mainly done the following works.
(1) Describes the theoretical foundation of high-speed video, classification, the principle of the camera's and the measurement control symbol's layout, and the parameters selecting of the high-speed camera system, given the specific formula of parameters setting, provided a theoretical foundation for the realization of the high-speed photograph.
(2) Blasting equipment plays a crucial role in the blast, this paper elaborated on the application of high-speed camera testing in blasting equipments, including precision test of detonators, detonating cord's and detonating pipe's explosive speed tests, and explosive detonation velocity and pressure tests.
(3) In order to observe the bench blasting better by using the high-speed camera technology, this paper analyzed the moving characteristics of bench blasting, and analyzed the formation process of the rock pile and the bulging movement in rock blasting. On this basis, high-speed video technology of bench blasting were introduced in detail, high-speed photograph are discussed in detail in the specific application of bench blast.
在爆破工程领域的研究中,高速摄像已成为一个不可或缺的重要研究工具之一,利用高速摄像的方法观测爆炸的瞬变过程,有其突出的优点,它不受电场、磁场的干扰,高速摄像方法比较直观,能够即时重演被记录的过程,并将时间放大到数百万倍以上,这就有可能来仔细观察瞬息变化的微小过程。
为充分利用高速摄像性能,完善高速摄像量测技术,开展了如下几方面的研究：
(1)查阅资料,找出与起爆器材性能、炸药性能、爆破效应相关的主要参数(或物理量)及其光测测量方法；
(2)对主要参数进行分析归类并对这些物理量的信号特征进行分析；
(3)探讨台阶爆破的光测测量方法；
(4)根据所选定要测量的参数,通过经验方法、类比法和理论计算,选定合适的拍摄方法。
在理论分析的基础上,本文详细介绍了高速摄像技术在爆破工程中的应用,主要做了以下几项工作：
(1)介绍了高速摄像的理论基础、分类、摄像机与测量控制布置原则以及高速摄像系统参数的确定,在参数确定中给出了具体的参数设定公式,为后期高速摄像的实现提供了理论基础。
(2)爆破器材在爆破中起着决定性作用,本文详细阐述了爆破器材的高速摄像测试应用,包括雷管精度的测试、导爆索和导爆管传爆速度、炸药爆速和爆轰压力的测量。
(3)为了更好对台阶爆破进行高速摄像的观测,本文分析了台阶爆破运动过程的特征。分析了岩体爆破时的鼓包运动以及爆堆的形成。在此基础上,详细介绍了台阶爆破高速摄像技术,详细论述了高速摄像在台阶爆破中的具体应用。
High-speed photography technology is still very young in our country. In recent years, there has been a great development both in high-speed camera developing and high-speed photographic technique, it has got a great attention and wide application.
In blasting engineering research, high-speed camera has become one of the important tools of research that indispensable. Using the method of high-speed video to observe the transient process of explosion has its distinct advantages, it does not suffer the interference of the electric field and the magnetic field. The process can be visually repeated immediately, and the record time can be enlarged to millions of times more time, that makes it possible to observe carefully of the rapidly changing process of the tiny.
To take the full advantage of high-speed camera performance, and improve high-speed photograph measurement techniques, we carried out the following aspects of the research.
(1) Access to information, found the main parameters (or physical) related to the initiating equipment performance, the performance of explosives and the blasting effect, and its measurement methods of optical measurement.
(2) Analyzed and classified on the main parameters, the signal characteristics of these physical quantities were also analyzed.
(3) Explore the methods of optical measurement about the bench blasting.
(4) According to the selected parameters to be measured, we carried out empirical methods, analogy methods and the theoretical calculation, to select the appropriate method of shooting.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper describes the application of high-speed video technology in blasting engineering, mainly done the following works.
(1) Describes the theoretical foundation of high-speed video, classification, the principle of the camera's and the measurement control symbol's layout, and the parameters selecting of the high-speed camera system, given the specific formula of parameters setting, provided a theoretical foundation for the realization of the high-speed photograph.
(2) Blasting equipment plays a crucial role in the blast, this paper elaborated on the application of high-speed camera testing in blasting equipments, including precision test of detonators, detonating cord's and detonating pipe's explosive speed tests, and explosive detonation velocity and pressure tests.
(3) In order to observe the bench blasting better by using the high-speed camera technology, this paper analyzed the moving characteristics of bench blasting, and analyzed the formation process of the rock pile and the bulging movement in rock blasting. On this basis, high-speed video technology of bench blasting were introduced in detail, high-speed photograph are discussed in detail in the specific application of bench blast.
引文
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[2]杨润京.高速摄影在爆破评价及爆破设计中的应用[J].中国宝玉石,1986,4：26-30
[3]周荷英.国外高速摄影在爆破研究中的应用现状[J].爆破器材,1983,2：39-42
[4]富治荣.应用超高速摄影技术测定工业炸药爆轰参数[J].有色金属,1981,33(2)：21-25
[5]Chiappetta R. F., Mammele M. E. Analytical high-speed photography as a diagnostic tool in blast design [C]. Preprint-Society of Mining Engineers of AIME:Preprint-Society of Mining Engineers. For presentation at the SME Annual Meeting. Soc of Mining Engineers of AIME,1988.
[6]Paine G. G. Blast assessment utilizing photographic techniques [J]. Quarry Management and Products. 1983,10(4).
[7]Kubota Shiro, Jung Woo-Jin, Ogata Yuji, et al. Estimation of the dynamic fracture process of rock material utilizing high speed photography [C]. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering:25th International Congress on High-Speed Photography and Photonics. The International Society for Optical Engineering,2002, v4948.
[8]Chiappetta R.F. Blast monitoring instrumentation and analysis techniques, with an emphasis on field applications [J]. Fragblast.1998,2(1).
[9]肖正学,张志呈,郭学彬.断裂控制爆破裂纹发展规律的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4)：546～549
[10]吴灵光,张建华,刘友光等.岩体爆破过程的高速立体摄影测量[C].爆破量测技术研究.山东：山东矿业学院建井研究室,1982.
[11]刘殿中,王中黔.鼓包运动和抛掷堆积[J].爆炸与冲击,1983,3(3)：1-9
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