高精度宽开比幅测向方法研究及工程实现
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摘要
本文围绕着电子战武器系统的战术技术指标—测向精度，对传统的测向方法的理论基础进行了深入的分析、比较和研究，提出了采用16信道单脉冲比幅测向体制和新的相位延时估算方法，通过计算机的仿真摸拟计算，以及在实际的工程实现中采取的相关措施，解决了采用传统的测向方法提高测向精度，满足电子战武器系统的战术技术指标要求和装备的适装性。
电子战是现代战争中的一种特殊作战方式，也是一种重要的作战手段。电子战技术包含了电子侦察、电子干扰、电子战摧毁和隐身等几大类。电子侦察是获取军事情报的重要手段，也是实施电子干扰与电子战摧毁的前提。测向则是电子侦察的一个重要指标。
测向的方法主要有最大(最小)信号法、比幅法、比相法、时差法。比幅测向法是一种传统的方法，它的最大优点是价格成本较低，但测向精度较差。因此对它进行深入的研究和采用新的估算方法来提高其测向精度，使性价比达到最优，以满足海军装备的需求。
为提高比幅测向的精度，选用多信道体制，采取相位延时估计法从频域来估算移动天线方向图系列的达到角，同时在具体的工程实现上对天线选取、信号的量化、去摸开关等进行优化，从而满足指标要求。
通过分析推导、计算机模拟以及样机性能指标的测试，结果表明用比幅测向法完全可以满足装备的最终要求。高精度宽开比幅测向方法研究及工程实现，为我海军装备走投入较少、效率较高的发展道路，探索了一条路子。
Focusing on the tactical index of EW system-bearing accuracy, this article makes deep-through analysis, comparison and study of the theory basis for traditional direction finding method. A 16-channel monopulse amplitude-comparison direction finding method and new phase-delay estimating method has been proposed to use, through computer's analog computation and relative measures in actual engineering practices, the bearing accuracy of traditional method has been increased and the service requirement of the EW weapon system and adaptability of equipment satisfied.
The electronic warfare is a kind of special but important mode of operations. The technique of electronic warfare contains electronic reconnaissance, electronic jamming, electronic warfare destroying and stealth etc.. The electronic reconnaissance is an important means for military information, and also a prerequisite to conduct electronic jamming and EW destroying. The direction finding is an important index of electronic reconnaissance.
The methods of direction finding mainly include maximum (minimum) signal method, amplitude-comparison method, phase-comparison method and time difference method. As a traditional method, the phase-comparison method has a merit of low cost but a demerit of poor bearing accuracy. So, deep-through analysis of the phase-comparison method and adoption of new evaluation methods is to be done to increase the bearing accuracy and achieve the best price performance, satisfying the equipment requirement of Navy.
To increase the bearing accuracy of amplitude-comparison, the multi-channel system was chosen, the angle of reaching of moving antenna pattern serial was estimated from the frequency domain using the phase-delay estimating method, and at the same time, the selection of antenna, quantization of signal and touch switches were optimized in concrete engineering practice, and so the requirement of the index was satisfied.
After analysis and deduction, computer analog and performance index test of prototype, the results show that the amplitude-comparison method can completely satisfy the last requirement of equipment. The study of the high accurate and wide amplitude-comparison direction-finding method and engineering practice explore a cost-effective way for our Navy's development.
电子战是现代战争中的一种特殊作战方式，也是一种重要的作战手段。电子战技术包含了电子侦察、电子干扰、电子战摧毁和隐身等几大类。电子侦察是获取军事情报的重要手段，也是实施电子干扰与电子战摧毁的前提。测向则是电子侦察的一个重要指标。
测向的方法主要有最大(最小)信号法、比幅法、比相法、时差法。比幅测向法是一种传统的方法，它的最大优点是价格成本较低，但测向精度较差。因此对它进行深入的研究和采用新的估算方法来提高其测向精度，使性价比达到最优，以满足海军装备的需求。
为提高比幅测向的精度，选用多信道体制，采取相位延时估计法从频域来估算移动天线方向图系列的达到角，同时在具体的工程实现上对天线选取、信号的量化、去摸开关等进行优化，从而满足指标要求。
通过分析推导、计算机模拟以及样机性能指标的测试，结果表明用比幅测向法完全可以满足装备的最终要求。高精度宽开比幅测向方法研究及工程实现，为我海军装备走投入较少、效率较高的发展道路，探索了一条路子。
Focusing on the tactical index of EW system-bearing accuracy, this article makes deep-through analysis, comparison and study of the theory basis for traditional direction finding method. A 16-channel monopulse amplitude-comparison direction finding method and new phase-delay estimating method has been proposed to use, through computer's analog computation and relative measures in actual engineering practices, the bearing accuracy of traditional method has been increased and the service requirement of the EW weapon system and adaptability of equipment satisfied.
The electronic warfare is a kind of special but important mode of operations. The technique of electronic warfare contains electronic reconnaissance, electronic jamming, electronic warfare destroying and stealth etc.. The electronic reconnaissance is an important means for military information, and also a prerequisite to conduct electronic jamming and EW destroying. The direction finding is an important index of electronic reconnaissance.
The methods of direction finding mainly include maximum (minimum) signal method, amplitude-comparison method, phase-comparison method and time difference method. As a traditional method, the phase-comparison method has a merit of low cost but a demerit of poor bearing accuracy. So, deep-through analysis of the phase-comparison method and adoption of new evaluation methods is to be done to increase the bearing accuracy and achieve the best price performance, satisfying the equipment requirement of Navy.
To increase the bearing accuracy of amplitude-comparison, the multi-channel system was chosen, the angle of reaching of moving antenna pattern serial was estimated from the frequency domain using the phase-delay estimating method, and at the same time, the selection of antenna, quantization of signal and touch switches were optimized in concrete engineering practice, and so the requirement of the index was satisfied.
After analysis and deduction, computer analog and performance index test of prototype, the results show that the amplitude-comparison method can completely satisfy the last requirement of equipment. The study of the high accurate and wide amplitude-comparison direction-finding method and engineering practice explore a cost-effective way for our Navy's development.
引文
1 林象平 雷达对抗原理 西北电讯工程学院出版社 1985
2 林象平等 电子对抗原理 西北电讯工程学院出版社 1981
3 侯印鸣等 综合电子战-现代战争的杀手锏 国防工业出版社 2000
4 陈锡明等 信息战 电子对抗国防科技重点实验室 2002
5 D．C．施莱赫 信息时代的电子战
6 盛怀沽等 数字比幅法测向 《电子对抗 1998，第五期
7 龚金楦等译 电子战微波接收机 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
8 微波无源测向 电子战文库，3 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
9 雷达电子对抗系统设计 电子战文库，4 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
10 电子战情报研究论文集 电子战文库，6 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
11 电子防御系统引论 电子战文库，7 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
12 刘胜利译 最新电子战技术 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1995
13 斯培国 电子对抗装备发展概论 解放军出版社 1999
14 陈思兴译 海军电子战未来 《电子侦察干扰》 2000，第4期
15 《科索沃电子战专集》 电子对抗国防科技重点实验室 1999
16 《信息战概论》 美国老乌鸦协会编写的职业培训教材 1996
17 苗秀梅 XXX电子对抗系统综合论证报告
18 "IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas,"Antenna Standards Committee,ANSI,Institute,of, Electronics,Engineers:NEW YORK,Wiley, 1979
19 Howells,P.W, "Intermediate.Frequency.Sidelobe.Canceller,"Microwaves,May 1973
20 Belk,J.J,Rhodes,and M.Thomton." "Radar Waming Rcceiver Subsystems," Microwave Journal,Sept. 1984,P. 199
21 "DESM Receiver Sea Trials,"Anaren Microwave,Inc.,E.Syracuse.NY 13057,1985
22 Koning,C., " ELINT Design Melds Classic Methods," Microwaves & RF, Sept. 1984
23 Lipsky, E., "Understanding.DF.Accuracy.of.Radar.WamingReceivers,"EIectronic Warfare,Defense Electronics,Apr. 1978
24 Breeding,K.J.,Digital.Design.Fundamentals,Prentice.Hall,Inc.,Englewood
Cliffs,NJ,1989
25 ALBERT A.GALLOTTA,Jr.EW And The Information War.Journbl of Electronic Defense,1985,8(3):21-22,26,28
26 Claence A.Robinson Jr.Information Operations Sweep Across Milieu of Peace and War.SIGNAL, 1999,54(1):47-50
2 林象平等 电子对抗原理 西北电讯工程学院出版社 1981
3 侯印鸣等 综合电子战-现代战争的杀手锏 国防工业出版社 2000
4 陈锡明等 信息战 电子对抗国防科技重点实验室 2002
5 D．C．施莱赫 信息时代的电子战
6 盛怀沽等 数字比幅法测向 《电子对抗 1998，第五期
7 龚金楦等译 电子战微波接收机 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
8 微波无源测向 电子战文库，3 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
9 雷达电子对抗系统设计 电子战文库，4 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
10 电子战情报研究论文集 电子战文库，6 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
11 电子防御系统引论 电子战文库，7 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1993
12 刘胜利译 最新电子战技术 电子工业部第二十九研究所 1995
13 斯培国 电子对抗装备发展概论 解放军出版社 1999
14 陈思兴译 海军电子战未来 《电子侦察干扰》 2000，第4期
15 《科索沃电子战专集》 电子对抗国防科技重点实验室 1999
16 《信息战概论》 美国老乌鸦协会编写的职业培训教材 1996
17 苗秀梅 XXX电子对抗系统综合论证报告
18 "IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas,"Antenna Standards Committee,ANSI,Institute,of, Electronics,Engineers:NEW YORK,Wiley, 1979
19 Howells,P.W, "Intermediate.Frequency.Sidelobe.Canceller,"Microwaves,May 1973
20 Belk,J.J,Rhodes,and M.Thomton." "Radar Waming Rcceiver Subsystems," Microwave Journal,Sept. 1984,P. 199
21 "DESM Receiver Sea Trials,"Anaren Microwave,Inc.,E.Syracuse.NY 13057,1985
22 Koning,C., " ELINT Design Melds Classic Methods," Microwaves & RF, Sept. 1984
23 Lipsky, E., "Understanding.DF.Accuracy.of.Radar.WamingReceivers,"EIectronic Warfare,Defense Electronics,Apr. 1978
24 Breeding,K.J.,Digital.Design.Fundamentals,Prentice.Hall,Inc.,Englewood
Cliffs,NJ,1989
25 ALBERT A.GALLOTTA,Jr.EW And The Information War.Journbl of Electronic Defense,1985,8(3):21-22,26,28
26 Claence A.Robinson Jr.Information Operations Sweep Across Milieu of Peace and War.SIGNAL, 1999,54(1):47-50