用于三维位移测量的投影栅和图像相关的研究
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摘要
本文将用于三维位移测量的数字投影栅相位轮廓术和数字散斑图像相关方法作为两个主要研究方面,针对若干关键技术环节进行了系统研究。
在数字投影栅相位轮廓术中,提出了自适应小波变换相位解调法和抗混叠轮廓术,利用小波变换对栅频变化的自适应性,由小波变换解调相位,通过小波分解重构变形栅背景,降低频率混叠,由频谱反演扩展恢复基频;提出了改进的自动参考栅和数字双频光栅技术,由物面变形栅局部相位经数学运算构建理想参考面相位,通过不同灵敏度双频复合光栅,由不同精度相位整合得到物体高精度相位,提高了测量实时性;将直接相位差算法用于改进轮廓术相位差求取过程,简化了相位去包裹环节;发展和实现了单频、双频投影栅仿真系统。
针对如何提高数字散斑相关方法的计算速度、精度及如何实现三维位移测量的关键问题进行了研究。在遗传算法和数字散斑相关方法的基础上,提出了基于遗传算法和拟牛顿法的数字散斑相关方法,用归一化相关系数作为遗传算法目标函数,由遗传算法和邻域赋初值法确定拟牛顿法的迭代初值,使计算速度和精度均有提高;将双目立体视觉技术引入数字散斑相关方法中,建立和实现了三维数字散斑相关方法、三维数字标记法,对单边裂纹薄橡胶板拉伸和厚橡胶板压缩的位移进行了实验测量;将散斑图像识别技术引入投影栅相位法中,实现了基于投影栅相位法的三维位移测量方法,由散斑图像相关识别技术实现变形前、后同名点的匹配,由物体变形前后空间位置的变化求取三维位移,拓展了投影栅的应用范围。
In this paper, two main research subjects are grating projection and imagecorrelation method for three-dimensional(3D) displacement measurement, relevantkey techniques are studied systematically.
In profilometry, self-adaptive phase demodulation method based on wavelettransform and novel profilometry immune from aliasing are proposed. Phase can beretrieved correctly because of the self-adaptability of wavelet for the gratingfrequency variation.The fundamental component can be restored accurately byfrequency inversion method because the frequency aliasing is decreased greatlyafter the grating background is reconstructed by wavelet decomposition. Improvedautomatic reference and digital dual-frequency grating technique are proposed tosimplify operation and increase accuracy. The idealized phase distribution on thereference plane can be constructed numerically from the local specimen grating.The phase obtained from the compound grating of different sensitivity are appliedto synthesize continuous phase .The direct phase difference algorithm isintroduced into various profilometry to simplify phase unwrapping. Thesimulation system for projection grating is developed and realized to simulate thesingle and dual frequency grating system.
Key techniques about how to increase speed and improve accuracy of digitalspeckle correlation method(DSCM), how to realize 3D displacement measurement arestudied. Hybrid algorithm for DSCM based on genetic algorithm and Quasi-Newtonmethod is established to resolve the contradiction between speed and accuracy.Normalized correlation coefficient is used as objective function, iterative initialvalue for Quasi-Newton method is determined by genetic algorithm and adjacentpoint initial estimate, speed and precision are improved simultaneously .The binocularstereo vision technique is introduced into DSCM, 3D DSCM and 3D marker methodare developed and realized. The system is established to measure 3D displacementof the thin crack rubber band stretched and thick rubber plate compressed. Imagecorrelation method is introduced into profilometry. 3D position of the object beforeand after deformation are obtained by projection grating method. Registration ofhomologous point is completed by image correlation identification method.3D displacement is determined by the position difference. The application domain
of profilometry is extended.
在数字投影栅相位轮廓术中,提出了自适应小波变换相位解调法和抗混叠轮廓术,利用小波变换对栅频变化的自适应性,由小波变换解调相位,通过小波分解重构变形栅背景,降低频率混叠,由频谱反演扩展恢复基频;提出了改进的自动参考栅和数字双频光栅技术,由物面变形栅局部相位经数学运算构建理想参考面相位,通过不同灵敏度双频复合光栅,由不同精度相位整合得到物体高精度相位,提高了测量实时性;将直接相位差算法用于改进轮廓术相位差求取过程,简化了相位去包裹环节;发展和实现了单频、双频投影栅仿真系统。
针对如何提高数字散斑相关方法的计算速度、精度及如何实现三维位移测量的关键问题进行了研究。在遗传算法和数字散斑相关方法的基础上,提出了基于遗传算法和拟牛顿法的数字散斑相关方法,用归一化相关系数作为遗传算法目标函数,由遗传算法和邻域赋初值法确定拟牛顿法的迭代初值,使计算速度和精度均有提高;将双目立体视觉技术引入数字散斑相关方法中,建立和实现了三维数字散斑相关方法、三维数字标记法,对单边裂纹薄橡胶板拉伸和厚橡胶板压缩的位移进行了实验测量;将散斑图像识别技术引入投影栅相位法中,实现了基于投影栅相位法的三维位移测量方法,由散斑图像相关识别技术实现变形前、后同名点的匹配,由物体变形前后空间位置的变化求取三维位移,拓展了投影栅的应用范围。
In this paper, two main research subjects are grating projection and imagecorrelation method for three-dimensional(3D) displacement measurement, relevantkey techniques are studied systematically.
In profilometry, self-adaptive phase demodulation method based on wavelettransform and novel profilometry immune from aliasing are proposed. Phase can beretrieved correctly because of the self-adaptability of wavelet for the gratingfrequency variation.The fundamental component can be restored accurately byfrequency inversion method because the frequency aliasing is decreased greatlyafter the grating background is reconstructed by wavelet decomposition. Improvedautomatic reference and digital dual-frequency grating technique are proposed tosimplify operation and increase accuracy. The idealized phase distribution on thereference plane can be constructed numerically from the local specimen grating.The phase obtained from the compound grating of different sensitivity are appliedto synthesize continuous phase .The direct phase difference algorithm isintroduced into various profilometry to simplify phase unwrapping. Thesimulation system for projection grating is developed and realized to simulate thesingle and dual frequency grating system.
Key techniques about how to increase speed and improve accuracy of digitalspeckle correlation method(DSCM), how to realize 3D displacement measurement arestudied. Hybrid algorithm for DSCM based on genetic algorithm and Quasi-Newtonmethod is established to resolve the contradiction between speed and accuracy.Normalized correlation coefficient is used as objective function, iterative initialvalue for Quasi-Newton method is determined by genetic algorithm and adjacentpoint initial estimate, speed and precision are improved simultaneously .The binocularstereo vision technique is introduced into DSCM, 3D DSCM and 3D marker methodare developed and realized. The system is established to measure 3D displacementof the thin crack rubber band stretched and thick rubber plate compressed. Imagecorrelation method is introduced into profilometry. 3D position of the object beforeand after deformation are obtained by projection grating method. Registration ofhomologous point is completed by image correlation identification method.3D displacement is determined by the position difference. The application domain
of profilometry is extended.
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