微波圆柱和同轴腔高阶横磁模式及其输出耦合
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摘要
本文研究了微波圆柱和同轴谐振腔各阶TM模式的特性及其关联参数，给出了模式图；分析了其特性阻抗随腔体尺寸、频率和模式阶数变化的规律。对于圆柱腔，较低阶模的模式间隔较大。在低频段的低阶模可采用较大半径的腔体，而在高频段欲采用低阶模式就必须选用半径很小的腔体。这就限制了功率的提升。而同轴谐振腔在高频段的高阶TM_(n10)模有较大的模式间隔。在同轴腔的长度以其横截面外半径取特定值时，腔内电场峰值位置处的轴向特性阻抗随内径的变化存在极大值；在高频段可以采用很大横截面的腔体结构和很高阶的模式；在给定的频率下，同轴腔体的横截面尺寸与TM_(n10)模式的阶数几乎可以自由选择。理论计算结果与用电磁场软件的模拟结果相一致。所得规律可以为TM模式工作的微波谐振腔的设计提供指导。以避免设计初期冗长的模拟与试错实验，提高了设计的速度和准确性。
计算了微波圆柱和同轴谐振空腔TM模式的无载Q值随腔体尺寸和模式阶数等多种参数的变化规律。计算值与仿真值相符。这对于谐振腔的设计(例如高能加速器)有一定的参考意义。在同轴腔TM模式电场的极大值E_(zm)位置处引入带间隙的供电子束流通的细金属漂移管后，模拟分析了其结构的系列参数。
根据单端口微波网络的特性，以电磁场计算软件HFSS和ISFEL3D模拟了带漂移管同轴谐振腔TM_(310)模式通过腔体侧壁的小孔和端接矩形波导基模的耦合，得到散射参数S_(11)的幅值与相位随频率而变化的曲线和场分布；计算了输出腔的外Q值随耦合孔尺寸的变化；利用编程计算的腔体结构数据和ISFEL模拟的后处理文件数据，计算了输出腔TM_(310)模式的复数间隙阻抗；为使输出谐振腔的特性阻抗有很好的均匀性，设计了腔内壁通过径向传输线与同轴线耦合的结构；模拟和比较了其不同结构的特性参数，得到了较为理想的结果。
The inter-related parameters of higher order transverse magnetic (HOTM) modes in coaxial cavity are calculated and analyzed in this dissertation. Not only is the HOTM mode chart plotted, but the variation of characteristic impedance with the cavity size, frequency and mode orders is analyzed as well.
It is found that the lower orders of modes, the wider of the modes separation in cylindrical cavity. Higher order modes in higher frequency correspond to small cylindrical cavity which results in lower power whereas to considerable mode separations with larger coaxial cavity which conduce to higher power. So the cylindrical cavity can be employed merely in low frequency and lower order mode. For some given coaxial cavity configuration of JM_(n10) modes, there exists maximum of characteristic impedance with variation of cavity inner radius. The results calculated are in good agreement accurately with that of simulation and can serve as a database from which the optimum parameters of design can be gotten instantly instead of time-consuming simulation by trial and error.
The unloaded Q of HOTM modes in cylindrical and coaxial cavity are calculated and verified with software HFSS. The results are referential to design of accelerators cavity. Also some characteristic parameters in coaxial cavity with drift tubes are simulated and analyzed.
Research on coupling of TM_(n10) modes in coaxial cavity with TE_(10) mode in rectangular waveguide is carried out based on the methods of one-port equivalent circuit and of phase echo. External Q is simulated for different 3-dimensions of the slot as well as single gap impedance of output cavity on special optimum configuration. To obtain symmetrical characteristic impedance of TM_(310) in output coaxial cavity, the position of shot rod is adjusted, concave pits on the wall of cavity whose dimension is like the coupling hole is designed. Also the configuration of holes on coaxial cavity inner wall is designed and simulated to couple with radial transmission line then coaxial line.
计算了微波圆柱和同轴谐振空腔TM模式的无载Q值随腔体尺寸和模式阶数等多种参数的变化规律。计算值与仿真值相符。这对于谐振腔的设计(例如高能加速器)有一定的参考意义。在同轴腔TM模式电场的极大值E_(zm)位置处引入带间隙的供电子束流通的细金属漂移管后，模拟分析了其结构的系列参数。
根据单端口微波网络的特性，以电磁场计算软件HFSS和ISFEL3D模拟了带漂移管同轴谐振腔TM_(310)模式通过腔体侧壁的小孔和端接矩形波导基模的耦合，得到散射参数S_(11)的幅值与相位随频率而变化的曲线和场分布；计算了输出腔的外Q值随耦合孔尺寸的变化；利用编程计算的腔体结构数据和ISFEL模拟的后处理文件数据，计算了输出腔TM_(310)模式的复数间隙阻抗；为使输出谐振腔的特性阻抗有很好的均匀性，设计了腔内壁通过径向传输线与同轴线耦合的结构；模拟和比较了其不同结构的特性参数，得到了较为理想的结果。
The inter-related parameters of higher order transverse magnetic (HOTM) modes in coaxial cavity are calculated and analyzed in this dissertation. Not only is the HOTM mode chart plotted, but the variation of characteristic impedance with the cavity size, frequency and mode orders is analyzed as well.
It is found that the lower orders of modes, the wider of the modes separation in cylindrical cavity. Higher order modes in higher frequency correspond to small cylindrical cavity which results in lower power whereas to considerable mode separations with larger coaxial cavity which conduce to higher power. So the cylindrical cavity can be employed merely in low frequency and lower order mode. For some given coaxial cavity configuration of JM_(n10) modes, there exists maximum of characteristic impedance with variation of cavity inner radius. The results calculated are in good agreement accurately with that of simulation and can serve as a database from which the optimum parameters of design can be gotten instantly instead of time-consuming simulation by trial and error.
The unloaded Q of HOTM modes in cylindrical and coaxial cavity are calculated and verified with software HFSS. The results are referential to design of accelerators cavity. Also some characteristic parameters in coaxial cavity with drift tubes are simulated and analyzed.
Research on coupling of TM_(n10) modes in coaxial cavity with TE_(10) mode in rectangular waveguide is carried out based on the methods of one-port equivalent circuit and of phase echo. External Q is simulated for different 3-dimensions of the slot as well as single gap impedance of output cavity on special optimum configuration. To obtain symmetrical characteristic impedance of TM_(310) in output coaxial cavity, the position of shot rod is adjusted, concave pits on the wall of cavity whose dimension is like the coupling hole is designed. Also the configuration of holes on coaxial cavity inner wall is designed and simulated to couple with radial transmission line then coaxial line.
引文
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