基于发电机同调分群的PMU优化配置方法
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摘要
同步相量测量单元(PMU)以全球定位系统(GPS)提供的精确时间为基准可对电力系统进行实时数据采集,实现对各个节点的同步测量。由于经济和技术等方面的原因,每个节点都配置PMU是不经济也是不现实的,为此,如何解决PMU在电力系统中的优化配置问题得到了众多学者的关注。本文根据系统故障后发电机的同调特性对发电机进行分群,使群中的所有发电机具有相近的转子角度振荡曲线,在每个群中配置一个PMU就可实现对发电机所在整个群的监测,从而达到用少量的PMU就能对整个系统实时监测的效果。
本文采用同调分群的理论,应用系统模型的可达性格纳姆识别发电机的相关性。该方法是一种快速、清晰的方法,它根据模型的可达性格纳姆矩阵,建立了识别发电机相关的充分且必要条件。根据发电机的相关性,采用改进的图遍历方法对相关发电机分群,发展出了有效的PMU配置方法。
应用上述PMU配置方法,本文以华中系统中500kV线路故障为例,分别计算在基本负荷、随机负荷和最大负荷条件下的分群结果。并以所有分群结果为研究对象,根据分层聚类分析的理论,采用类平均法将不同故障下都保持较好同调性的发电机合并为一群,最终得到综合考虑各种因素下的新的分群结果,在每个群中配置一个PMU,从而达到优化配置的效果。
PMU can collect state information of power system with accurate time produced by GPS,thus it can measure every node data synchronously. For the consideration of economy andtechnology, it is not practical that PMU is put in every node. So the optimization of PMUallocation is regarded by manyscholars. The paper distinguishes generators bythe characteristicsof coherent generator group after fault. The rotor angle surge curves of all generators in the samegroup are similar. If every coherent generator group assigns a PMU which represents thecharacteristics of the group, this method can realize the measurement of total system with leastPMUs.
Based on coherency identification theory, this paper identifies generators correlationaccordingtoreachabilityGrammiamofsystemmodel.Themethodisfastandexact,andprovidesnecessary and sufficient condition for generator correlation recognition. Then generators aregrouped bytheir correlation usingimproved graph traversal algorithm.Thus a novel approach forPMUoptimizationallocationisdeveloped.
The paper presents the result of coherent generator group identification in Huazhong powersystem using the proposed approach under the condition of basic load, stochastic load andmaximal load. On the basis of hierarchical clustering arithmetic, the coherent generator groupswith analogical characteristics are united in the result of above example using group averagemethod. In the end, the new comprehensive result of coherent generator group identification isachieved. Then every group is assigned a PMU. So a scheme of PMU optimization allocation isobtained.
本文采用同调分群的理论,应用系统模型的可达性格纳姆识别发电机的相关性。该方法是一种快速、清晰的方法,它根据模型的可达性格纳姆矩阵,建立了识别发电机相关的充分且必要条件。根据发电机的相关性,采用改进的图遍历方法对相关发电机分群,发展出了有效的PMU配置方法。
应用上述PMU配置方法,本文以华中系统中500kV线路故障为例,分别计算在基本负荷、随机负荷和最大负荷条件下的分群结果。并以所有分群结果为研究对象,根据分层聚类分析的理论,采用类平均法将不同故障下都保持较好同调性的发电机合并为一群,最终得到综合考虑各种因素下的新的分群结果,在每个群中配置一个PMU,从而达到优化配置的效果。
PMU can collect state information of power system with accurate time produced by GPS,thus it can measure every node data synchronously. For the consideration of economy andtechnology, it is not practical that PMU is put in every node. So the optimization of PMUallocation is regarded by manyscholars. The paper distinguishes generators bythe characteristicsof coherent generator group after fault. The rotor angle surge curves of all generators in the samegroup are similar. If every coherent generator group assigns a PMU which represents thecharacteristics of the group, this method can realize the measurement of total system with leastPMUs.
Based on coherency identification theory, this paper identifies generators correlationaccordingtoreachabilityGrammiamofsystemmodel.Themethodisfastandexact,andprovidesnecessary and sufficient condition for generator correlation recognition. Then generators aregrouped bytheir correlation usingimproved graph traversal algorithm.Thus a novel approach forPMUoptimizationallocationisdeveloped.
The paper presents the result of coherent generator group identification in Huazhong powersystem using the proposed approach under the condition of basic load, stochastic load andmaximal load. On the basis of hierarchical clustering arithmetic, the coherent generator groupswith analogical characteristics are united in the result of above example using group averagemethod. In the end, the new comprehensive result of coherent generator group identification isachieved. Then every group is assigned a PMU. So a scheme of PMU optimization allocation isobtained.
引文
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[2] Chi-WenLiu.Phase Measurement Applications in Taiwan.IEEE,2002,490一 493.
[3] 熊敏,施慧.两地功角相量监测系统在电力系统中的应用.中国电力,1998:31(2):7-10 .
[4] 闵勇,丁仁杰等.黑龙江东部电网区域稳定控制系统的研究与开发.清华大学学报(自然科学版).1997,37(7):106 -108.
[5] 吴京涛,闵勇,丁仁杰等.黑龙江东部电网区域稳定控制系统的二期开发.电力系统自动化,2001, 25 (11):52 一 55.
[6] 卢志刚,郝玉山等.电力系统相角测量和应用.电力系统自动化,1997, 21(4) : 41-46.
[7] 王兆家,岑宗浩,陈汉中. 华东电网多功能功角实时监测系统的开发及应用,电网技术,2002,26(8):73-77.
[8] 屠强,周迎秋,白铮等.黑龙江东部电网区域稳定控制系统的研制开发,电力系统自动化,1997.7,106-108.
[9] R.Podmore, “Identification of Coherent Generators for DynamicEquivalents”, IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.PAS-97, pp. 1344-1354,1978.
[10] R.Podmore, “A Comprehensive Program For Computing Coherency-basedDynamic Equivalents”, Power Industry Computer ApplicationsConference, 1979.
[11] 单渊达,吴杰.同调发电机的在线识别,电力系统自动化,Vol.10,1986.
[12] 马海立,单渊达.同调发电机识别,电力系统自动化,Vol.12,1988.
[13] 苗世洪,王少荣.基于 GPS 的电网状态监测系统的设计与实现.电力系统自动化,2004, 24(12 ) : 52-56.
[14] 韩英铎,王仲鸿,林孔兴等.电力系统中的三项前沿课题.清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997, 37 (7):1-6.
[15] 金基圣,南德哲等.电网动态稳定实时监测系统.电力系统自动化,1999,23(10):17-19.
[16] 任勇,闵勇,徐飞等.全网同步监测系统的实时数据传输.清华大学学报(自然科学版)1997, 7: 82-85.
[17] 卢志刚,韩岩等.电力系统实时相角监测系统动模试验研究.电力自动化设备,2001(10):7-10.
[18] 郭炳庆,孙元章,卢强.电力系统稳定性分析与控制实时仿真决策系统。电力系统自动化,2000, 24 (18):6-10.
[19] 常乃超,兰洲等. 广域测量系统在电力系统分析及控制中的应用综述.电网技术,2005,29(10):46-52.
[20] 吴笃贵,徐政.基于相量测量的电力系统谐波状态估计(Ⅰ)——理论、模型与求解方法.电工技术学报,2004,19(2):64-68.
[21] Jiang JA,Yang Jz,LinYH et al . An adaptive pmu based faultdetelementation technique for transmission lines part I:theory andalgorithms[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2000,l5(2):486-493.
[22] 付强,王少荣,程时杰.基于 PMU 同步数据的电力系统暂态稳定分析方法综述.继电器,2003,31(1):76-83.
[23] 夏成军 周良松 等. 基于 Epsilon 分解的发电机同调识别新方法,电力统自动化,Vol.24, 2000.
[24] C. A. Desoer, Linear Systems, Notes of UCB.
[25] R.W.Brockett, Finite Dimensional Linear Systems, New York:Wiley1970.
[26] 赵国刚.电力系统暂态稳定研究中的动态等值,天津大学硕士学位论文,1986.
[27] 余贻鑫,陈礼义.电力系统的安全性和稳定性,北京:科学出版社,1988.
[28] 殷鑑.电力系统暂态稳定分析和控制方法的研究,武汉大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[29] 毛国君,段立娟等.数据挖掘原理与算法,北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[30] 邵峰晶,于忠清.数据挖掘原理与算法,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[31] 邓永录.应用概率及其理论基础,北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[32] 章栋恩.截断正态分布参数估计的 EM 算法.北京轻工业学院学报,1998,16(2):72-76.
[33] 王梅义,蒙定中等.高压电网继电保护运行技术,北京:电力工业出版社,1981.
[2] Chi-WenLiu.Phase Measurement Applications in Taiwan.IEEE,2002,490一 493.
[3] 熊敏,施慧.两地功角相量监测系统在电力系统中的应用.中国电力,1998:31(2):7-10 .
[4] 闵勇,丁仁杰等.黑龙江东部电网区域稳定控制系统的研究与开发.清华大学学报(自然科学版).1997,37(7):106 -108.
[5] 吴京涛,闵勇,丁仁杰等.黑龙江东部电网区域稳定控制系统的二期开发.电力系统自动化,2001, 25 (11):52 一 55.
[6] 卢志刚,郝玉山等.电力系统相角测量和应用.电力系统自动化,1997, 21(4) : 41-46.
[7] 王兆家,岑宗浩,陈汉中. 华东电网多功能功角实时监测系统的开发及应用,电网技术,2002,26(8):73-77.
[8] 屠强,周迎秋,白铮等.黑龙江东部电网区域稳定控制系统的研制开发,电力系统自动化,1997.7,106-108.
[9] R.Podmore, “Identification of Coherent Generators for DynamicEquivalents”, IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol.PAS-97, pp. 1344-1354,1978.
[10] R.Podmore, “A Comprehensive Program For Computing Coherency-basedDynamic Equivalents”, Power Industry Computer ApplicationsConference, 1979.
[11] 单渊达,吴杰.同调发电机的在线识别,电力系统自动化,Vol.10,1986.
[12] 马海立,单渊达.同调发电机识别,电力系统自动化,Vol.12,1988.
[13] 苗世洪,王少荣.基于 GPS 的电网状态监测系统的设计与实现.电力系统自动化,2004, 24(12 ) : 52-56.
[14] 韩英铎,王仲鸿,林孔兴等.电力系统中的三项前沿课题.清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997, 37 (7):1-6.
[15] 金基圣,南德哲等.电网动态稳定实时监测系统.电力系统自动化,1999,23(10):17-19.
[16] 任勇,闵勇,徐飞等.全网同步监测系统的实时数据传输.清华大学学报(自然科学版)1997, 7: 82-85.
[17] 卢志刚,韩岩等.电力系统实时相角监测系统动模试验研究.电力自动化设备,2001(10):7-10.
[18] 郭炳庆,孙元章,卢强.电力系统稳定性分析与控制实时仿真决策系统。电力系统自动化,2000, 24 (18):6-10.
[19] 常乃超,兰洲等. 广域测量系统在电力系统分析及控制中的应用综述.电网技术,2005,29(10):46-52.
[20] 吴笃贵,徐政.基于相量测量的电力系统谐波状态估计(Ⅰ)——理论、模型与求解方法.电工技术学报,2004,19(2):64-68.
[21] Jiang JA,Yang Jz,LinYH et al . An adaptive pmu based faultdetelementation technique for transmission lines part I:theory andalgorithms[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2000,l5(2):486-493.
[22] 付强,王少荣,程时杰.基于 PMU 同步数据的电力系统暂态稳定分析方法综述.继电器,2003,31(1):76-83.
[23] 夏成军 周良松 等. 基于 Epsilon 分解的发电机同调识别新方法,电力统自动化,Vol.24, 2000.
[24] C. A. Desoer, Linear Systems, Notes of UCB.
[25] R.W.Brockett, Finite Dimensional Linear Systems, New York:Wiley1970.
[26] 赵国刚.电力系统暂态稳定研究中的动态等值,天津大学硕士学位论文,1986.
[27] 余贻鑫,陈礼义.电力系统的安全性和稳定性,北京:科学出版社,1988.
[28] 殷鑑.电力系统暂态稳定分析和控制方法的研究,武汉大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[29] 毛国君,段立娟等.数据挖掘原理与算法,北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[30] 邵峰晶,于忠清.数据挖掘原理与算法,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[31] 邓永录.应用概率及其理论基础,北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[32] 章栋恩.截断正态分布参数估计的 EM 算法.北京轻工业学院学报,1998,16(2):72-76.
[33] 王梅义,蒙定中等.高压电网继电保护运行技术,北京:电力工业出版社,1981.