光纤变频投影法提取物体轮廓术
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摘要
三维轮廓测量技术广泛应用于产品质量控制、工业在线检测、机器视觉、实物仿形、医学诊断、地质勘探、计算机辅助设计与加工等许多方面。光学投影式三维轮廓术以其非接触、高速度、高精度、大数据量等一系列优点而日益受到人们的重视，其中包括莫尔轮廓术，位相测量轮廓术和傅里叶变换轮廓术等重要方法。
基于位相测量轮廓术(PMP)和傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)的理论，本论文主要研究一种利用光纤变频投影提取物体轮廓的新方法。它是一种通过改变光纤出射端间距来改变干涉条纹的空间频率，然后通过傅里叶变换提取相位，从而实现物体三维轮廓测量的新方法。
根据理论需求设计并制作一种多功能光纤投影器，利用MATLAB平台，从理论和实验两方面证明了光纤变频投影法提取物体轮廓的可行性，并对不同形状物体的测量结果进行分析和讨论。
3-D profile measurement technique has been widely applied to many areas such as product quality control, industrial online testing, robot vision, object profile modeling, medical diagnosis, geological prospecting, computer aided design and machining. Optical projection 3-D shape measurement is paid attention to more and more with its many advantages such as non-contact, high speed and accuracy and large data size. In this method, Moire shape profilometry, optical 3-D shape measurement and Fourier transformation profilometry are included.
Based on the theory of the Phase Measuring Profilometry (PMP) and Fourier Transformation Profilometry (FTP), a profile measurement using fiber frequency conversion projection is mainly studied in this dissertation. It is a measure to change the spatial frequency of the interference stripe through changing the spacing of the optical fiber end, to realize the new method of the object three dimensional appearance measurement using the frequency conversion interference. Its phases are demodulated by Fourier transformation.
According to the theory demand, a multi-functional projector is designed and machined. Using the MATLAB platform, the feasibility of measuring profiles with fiber frequency conversion projection is proved by theory and experiment. The experiment results of different objects with different parameter are given, the 3-D profiles are reconstructed, and the experiment results are also analyzed and discussed in this dissertation.
基于位相测量轮廓术(PMP)和傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)的理论，本论文主要研究一种利用光纤变频投影提取物体轮廓的新方法。它是一种通过改变光纤出射端间距来改变干涉条纹的空间频率，然后通过傅里叶变换提取相位，从而实现物体三维轮廓测量的新方法。
根据理论需求设计并制作一种多功能光纤投影器，利用MATLAB平台，从理论和实验两方面证明了光纤变频投影法提取物体轮廓的可行性，并对不同形状物体的测量结果进行分析和讨论。
3-D profile measurement technique has been widely applied to many areas such as product quality control, industrial online testing, robot vision, object profile modeling, medical diagnosis, geological prospecting, computer aided design and machining. Optical projection 3-D shape measurement is paid attention to more and more with its many advantages such as non-contact, high speed and accuracy and large data size. In this method, Moire shape profilometry, optical 3-D shape measurement and Fourier transformation profilometry are included.
Based on the theory of the Phase Measuring Profilometry (PMP) and Fourier Transformation Profilometry (FTP), a profile measurement using fiber frequency conversion projection is mainly studied in this dissertation. It is a measure to change the spatial frequency of the interference stripe through changing the spacing of the optical fiber end, to realize the new method of the object three dimensional appearance measurement using the frequency conversion interference. Its phases are demodulated by Fourier transformation.
According to the theory demand, a multi-functional projector is designed and machined. Using the MATLAB platform, the feasibility of measuring profiles with fiber frequency conversion projection is proved by theory and experiment. The experiment results of different objects with different parameter are given, the 3-D profiles are reconstructed, and the experiment results are also analyzed and discussed in this dissertation.
引文
[1]苏海．反求工程在工业设计中的应用研究．北京：航空工业出版社，2002：23-54页．
[2]惠梅．表面微观形貌测量中的相移算法与技术研究．清华大学出版社，2001：78-98页
[3]李田泽．使用莫尔条纹技术测量物体表面的轮廓及形变．上海计量测试，2001：105-132页，180页
[4]薛莲．基于条纹频率分析的位相展开新算法．四川大学出版社，2001：145-156页
[5]Giovanna Sansoni, StefanoCorini,Rodella R, Docchil F. 3-D imaging of surfaces for industrial applications. SPIE, 1996(2661):88-96P
[6]Jordi Pages, Joaquim Saivi, Carles Matabosch. Implementation of a robust coded structruredlight technique for dybanic 3-D measurements. SPIE, 1996:67-v78P
[7]Nelson Chang. Interactive 3-D Media with Structured Light Scanning. SPIE, 2003: 76-83P
[8]HansGerd Maas. Robust Automatic Surface Reconstruction with Structured Light. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1992,709-713P
[9]Oleksandr A, Skydan, Michael Lalor, David Burton. Technique for phase measurement and surface reconstruction by use of colored structured light. APPI. 2002,41(29):6104-6117P
[10]牛小兵，林玉池，赵美蓉，洪听，程冬梅．光栅投影三维测量的原理及关键技术分析．仪器仪表学报．2001，22(4)：203-205页
[11]尚小燕，权贵秦，田爱玲．光栅投影系统设计．西安科技学院学报．2002，22(3)：364-366页
[12]惠梅，王东生，邓年茂，李庆祥，徐毓娴．对移相误差不敏感的四帧相位算法．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．2003，43(8)：1017-1019页
[13]李万松，苏礼坤，苏显渝．位相测量轮廓术中的实时相位校正算法．第八届全国光电技术与系统学术会议论文．1999
[14] Frank shape chen, Gordon M. Brown, Mumin Song. Overview of three-dimensional Measurement using optical methods. Optical Engineering, 2000,39(1):10-22P
[15] E.N. Colenman, R. Jain. Obtaining 3-Dimensional shape of texture and specular surface using four-source photometry. Image Process. 1982, (18):309-328P
[16] F. Solomon, K. Ikeuchi. Inspection specular object using four light sources in Proc. IEEE Conf. Robotics and Automation Nice,France 1992: 1707-1702P
[17] G. Healey, T. Obinford, Local shape from specularity Proc. Image understanding Workshop. 1987,12:874-887P
[18] S.K. Nayar, A.C. Sanderson, L.E.Weiss, D. D. Simon. Specular surface inspection using structured highlight and Gaussian images, IEEE Trans. Rob. 1990,6(2):208-218P
[19] A.C. Sanderson, Nayar. Structured high-light inspection of specularsurfaces, IEEETrans. Pattern, Anal. Mach, Intell. PAME-198 8,10(1):44-55P
[20] Y.K. Ryu, H.S. Cho. New optical sensing system for obtaining the Three-dimensional shape of specular objects, Opt, Eng, 1996,35(5):1483-1495P
[21] T.K. DeWitt, O.A. Lyon. Range-finding method using diffraction gratings. APPI, 1995(23):2510-2521P
[22] M. Lehmann, P. Jacquot, M. Facchini. shape measurements on large surfaces by fringe projecton. Exp. Tech, 1999,23(20):31-35P
[23] 李万松，苏礼坤，苏现渝．位相检测轮廓术在大尺度三维轮廓测量中的应用．光学学报．2000，120(6)：792-796页
[24] 张启灿，苏显渝．动态液面轮廓测量．光学学报．2001，121(12)：1506-1508页
[25] 郝煌栋，赵洋，李达成．光学投影式三维轮廓测量技术综述．光学技术．1998(5)：57-60页
[26] 苏显渝，李继陶．信息光学．四川大学出版社，1995：323-411页
[27] 朱伟利，盛嘉茂．信息光学基础．中央民族大学出版社，1997(11)：420-438页
[28] 苑立波．二维光纤干涉理论．光子学报．1998，27(2)：141-146页
[29] R. Lehmann, A. Wiemer. Untersuchungen Teorie der Doppelrasterals Mittel zur Messanzeigen. Feingerate Technik, 1953:199-205P
[30] T. Reid. Moire fringes in metrology. Optics and Lasers in Engineering. 1984(5):63-72P
[31] 李田泽．基于莫尔干涉技术的相位物体测试系统．烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版)．1999，12(3)：87-92页
[32] 赵斌．无衍射光莫尔条纹空间直线度测量的原理与实验．计量学报．2002，23(2)：101-105页
[33] 张新宝，赵斌，李柱．无衍射光莫尔条纹空间直线度误差的测量方法．华中理工大学学报．2000，28(7)：56-60页
[34] 李涛，杨显锋，俞昌，徐秉椿．改进型非相移的傅氏变换轮廓测量法．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．2002，42(7)：102-107页
[35] 周建勤，韩良恺．简化的三维体轮廓测量术．大学物理．1996，15(5)：633-639页
[36] 李霖，赵宏．一种基于相移技术的物体表面三维轮廓测量方法．工具技术．2003，37(3)：116-120页
[37] 刘南生，付继武．一种具有深度值的莫尔轮廓图．光学技术．2000，26 (5)：45-51页
[38] Mitsuo TAKEDA. Spatial carrier heterodyne techniques for precisioninterferometry and profiilometry. An overview. SPIE. 1989, Vol. 1121: 73-88P
[39] S. toyooka, M. tominaga. Spatial fringe scanning for optical phase measurement. Optics Communications, 1984: 68-70P
[40] 赵宏，陈文艺，谭玉山．一种新的相位测量轮廓术．光学学报．1995，19(1)：898-901页
[41] H. Takasaki. Moire topography. Applied optics. 1970. Vol. 9, No. 6: 1467-1472P
[42] 苏永道．基于切向莫尔条纹的地磁传感器．传感器技术．2001，20(8)：67-71页
[43] Masanori Idesawa, Toyohiko Yatagai, Takashi Soma. Scanning moire method and automatic measurement of 3-D shapes. Applied optics. 1977, Vol. 16, No.B:2152-2162P
[44] 乌云高娃．莫尔干涉法测定温度分布．内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)．1997，28(1)：107-111页
[45] 纪俊，张权．利用莫尔条纹的计算机图象测量长焦距透镜焦距．量子电子学报．2003，20(2)：76-80页
[46] 张吉众，王莉茹．莫尔条纹法(溶液中)测量角膜接触镜后顶焦度的原理分析．现代计量测试．2001：88-93页
[47] 王昭，赵宏，谭玉山．频移阴影莫尔法．光学学报．1999，19(6)：815-820页
[48] Yuan Libo. Fiber optic moire interferometer. Chinese Physics Letters. 1997, 14(9):675-677P
[49] Yuan Libo, Zhou Liming. Fiber optic moire interference principle. OpticalFiber Technology. 1998(2):224-232P
[50] 范华，赵宏，谭玉山．光纤投影双频自动轮廓测量术．光学学报．1998，18(1)：217-223页
[51] 徐利华，苏显渝．光学二维位相展开算法的数学描述与讨论．激光杂志．2002，Vol(23)：321-329页
[52] 李方，周灿林．一种新的双频光栅轮廓术．光子学报．2005：632-635页
[2]惠梅．表面微观形貌测量中的相移算法与技术研究．清华大学出版社，2001：78-98页
[3]李田泽．使用莫尔条纹技术测量物体表面的轮廓及形变．上海计量测试，2001：105-132页，180页
[4]薛莲．基于条纹频率分析的位相展开新算法．四川大学出版社，2001：145-156页
[5]Giovanna Sansoni, StefanoCorini,Rodella R, Docchil F. 3-D imaging of surfaces for industrial applications. SPIE, 1996(2661):88-96P
[6]Jordi Pages, Joaquim Saivi, Carles Matabosch. Implementation of a robust coded structruredlight technique for dybanic 3-D measurements. SPIE, 1996:67-v78P
[7]Nelson Chang. Interactive 3-D Media with Structured Light Scanning. SPIE, 2003: 76-83P
[8]HansGerd Maas. Robust Automatic Surface Reconstruction with Structured Light. International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 1992,709-713P
[9]Oleksandr A, Skydan, Michael Lalor, David Burton. Technique for phase measurement and surface reconstruction by use of colored structured light. APPI. 2002,41(29):6104-6117P
[10]牛小兵，林玉池，赵美蓉，洪听，程冬梅．光栅投影三维测量的原理及关键技术分析．仪器仪表学报．2001，22(4)：203-205页
[11]尚小燕，权贵秦，田爱玲．光栅投影系统设计．西安科技学院学报．2002，22(3)：364-366页
[12]惠梅，王东生，邓年茂，李庆祥，徐毓娴．对移相误差不敏感的四帧相位算法．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．2003，43(8)：1017-1019页
[13]李万松，苏礼坤，苏显渝．位相测量轮廓术中的实时相位校正算法．第八届全国光电技术与系统学术会议论文．1999
[14] Frank shape chen, Gordon M. Brown, Mumin Song. Overview of three-dimensional Measurement using optical methods. Optical Engineering, 2000,39(1):10-22P
[15] E.N. Colenman, R. Jain. Obtaining 3-Dimensional shape of texture and specular surface using four-source photometry. Image Process. 1982, (18):309-328P
[16] F. Solomon, K. Ikeuchi. Inspection specular object using four light sources in Proc. IEEE Conf. Robotics and Automation Nice,France 1992: 1707-1702P
[17] G. Healey, T. Obinford, Local shape from specularity Proc. Image understanding Workshop. 1987,12:874-887P
[18] S.K. Nayar, A.C. Sanderson, L.E.Weiss, D. D. Simon. Specular surface inspection using structured highlight and Gaussian images, IEEE Trans. Rob. 1990,6(2):208-218P
[19] A.C. Sanderson, Nayar. Structured high-light inspection of specularsurfaces, IEEETrans. Pattern, Anal. Mach, Intell. PAME-198 8,10(1):44-55P
[20] Y.K. Ryu, H.S. Cho. New optical sensing system for obtaining the Three-dimensional shape of specular objects, Opt, Eng, 1996,35(5):1483-1495P
[21] T.K. DeWitt, O.A. Lyon. Range-finding method using diffraction gratings. APPI, 1995(23):2510-2521P
[22] M. Lehmann, P. Jacquot, M. Facchini. shape measurements on large surfaces by fringe projecton. Exp. Tech, 1999,23(20):31-35P
[23] 李万松，苏礼坤，苏现渝．位相检测轮廓术在大尺度三维轮廓测量中的应用．光学学报．2000，120(6)：792-796页
[24] 张启灿，苏显渝．动态液面轮廓测量．光学学报．2001，121(12)：1506-1508页
[25] 郝煌栋，赵洋，李达成．光学投影式三维轮廓测量技术综述．光学技术．1998(5)：57-60页
[26] 苏显渝，李继陶．信息光学．四川大学出版社，1995：323-411页
[27] 朱伟利，盛嘉茂．信息光学基础．中央民族大学出版社，1997(11)：420-438页
[28] 苑立波．二维光纤干涉理论．光子学报．1998，27(2)：141-146页
[29] R. Lehmann, A. Wiemer. Untersuchungen Teorie der Doppelrasterals Mittel zur Messanzeigen. Feingerate Technik, 1953:199-205P
[30] T. Reid. Moire fringes in metrology. Optics and Lasers in Engineering. 1984(5):63-72P
[31] 李田泽．基于莫尔干涉技术的相位物体测试系统．烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版)．1999，12(3)：87-92页
[32] 赵斌．无衍射光莫尔条纹空间直线度测量的原理与实验．计量学报．2002，23(2)：101-105页
[33] 张新宝，赵斌，李柱．无衍射光莫尔条纹空间直线度误差的测量方法．华中理工大学学报．2000，28(7)：56-60页
[34] 李涛，杨显锋，俞昌，徐秉椿．改进型非相移的傅氏变换轮廓测量法．清华大学学报(自然科学版)．2002，42(7)：102-107页
[35] 周建勤，韩良恺．简化的三维体轮廓测量术．大学物理．1996，15(5)：633-639页
[36] 李霖，赵宏．一种基于相移技术的物体表面三维轮廓测量方法．工具技术．2003，37(3)：116-120页
[37] 刘南生，付继武．一种具有深度值的莫尔轮廓图．光学技术．2000，26 (5)：45-51页
[38] Mitsuo TAKEDA. Spatial carrier heterodyne techniques for precisioninterferometry and profiilometry. An overview. SPIE. 1989, Vol. 1121: 73-88P
[39] S. toyooka, M. tominaga. Spatial fringe scanning for optical phase measurement. Optics Communications, 1984: 68-70P
[40] 赵宏，陈文艺，谭玉山．一种新的相位测量轮廓术．光学学报．1995，19(1)：898-901页
[41] H. Takasaki. Moire topography. Applied optics. 1970. Vol. 9, No. 6: 1467-1472P
[42] 苏永道．基于切向莫尔条纹的地磁传感器．传感器技术．2001，20(8)：67-71页
[43] Masanori Idesawa, Toyohiko Yatagai, Takashi Soma. Scanning moire method and automatic measurement of 3-D shapes. Applied optics. 1977, Vol. 16, No.B:2152-2162P
[44] 乌云高娃．莫尔干涉法测定温度分布．内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)．1997，28(1)：107-111页
[45] 纪俊，张权．利用莫尔条纹的计算机图象测量长焦距透镜焦距．量子电子学报．2003，20(2)：76-80页
[46] 张吉众，王莉茹．莫尔条纹法(溶液中)测量角膜接触镜后顶焦度的原理分析．现代计量测试．2001：88-93页
[47] 王昭，赵宏，谭玉山．频移阴影莫尔法．光学学报．1999，19(6)：815-820页
[48] Yuan Libo. Fiber optic moire interferometer. Chinese Physics Letters. 1997, 14(9):675-677P
[49] Yuan Libo, Zhou Liming. Fiber optic moire interference principle. OpticalFiber Technology. 1998(2):224-232P
[50] 范华，赵宏，谭玉山．光纤投影双频自动轮廓测量术．光学学报．1998，18(1)：217-223页
[51] 徐利华，苏显渝．光学二维位相展开算法的数学描述与讨论．激光杂志．2002，Vol(23)：321-329页
[52] 李方，周灿林．一种新的双频光栅轮廓术．光子学报．2005：632-635页