基于专利知识的机械产品创新设计方法研究
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摘要
在综合分析了专利文本的处理方法、基于专利知识的创新设计方法及其应用系统的研究现状后,本文针对当前英文专利知识应用于创新设计的研究中存在的一些关键问题,提出了新的解决方法,主要研究进展体现在以下五个方面：
一、专利自动分类方法研究
研究了专利文本部分的表述特点,分析了包括特征选择算法和分类算法的现有分类方法用于专利文本自动分类的缺点。基于信息增益算法和K邻近算法,提出了改进的信息增益算法用于特征选择,改进的K邻近算法用于专利分类,在此基础上进一步提出了一种高效的专利自动分类方法。最后以美国专利的分类试验为例,说明该专利自动分类方法能准确有效地实现专利文本分类,并且有助于在基于专利的创新设计中的检索和分析应用。
二、专利创新性评估方法研究
根据专利中所包含知识的特点,采用动词和名词分别代表原理设计知识和结构设计知识。通过引入信息熵的概念,分别提出了专利知识新颖度和相容度的量化评估方法。结合形态学分析方法,建立了组合专利知识的创新性评估模型,提出了基于形态学分析的组合专利知识创新性评估过程。以具有自锁功能的直线驱动机构设计中所采用的专利知识评估作为例子,通过试验对比分析了专利数量和专利知识词汇数量对创新性评估结果的影响,验证了提出的新颖度和相容度量化评估方法以及组合专利知识创新设计方法的有效性。
三、机械产品专利作用结构知识获取方法研究
针对机械产品专利,分析了现有专利作用结构知识提取和表示方法所存在的问题,提出了针对英文专利的作用结构知识获取方法,包括技术对象和技术关系两方面提取任务。提出了作用结构知识图形化表示方法,建立了基于可扩展标记语言结构XSD和统一建模语言UML的专利作用结构知识表示模型。研究了机械产品专利语言的特点,采用最大熵模型和领域内专利术语词典识别并提取技术对象,通过建立组成类动词库识别核心动词提取技术关系。该专利作用结构知识表示模型具有建模便捷和提取过程计算机自动处理等特点。结合美国专利实例,阐述了从专利中提取作用结构知识,写入XSD结构化文档,最后转化为作用结构表示图的获取过程。
四、基于专利灵感启发的机械产品创新设计研究
总结了专利中有助于灵感启发的知识类型,分析了各类知识的特点,提出了基于正则表达式和非确定有限自动机的专利灵感启发知识提取方法,并结合专利作用结构知识构建了用于灵感启发的专利知识表示模型。根据授权发明专利的发明形式,结合专利知识类型,系统性地提出了灵感启发方式,发现了一些至今未出现的新启发方式。在此基础上,提出了基于专利灵感启发的创新设计过程,通过构建以灵感启发方式和专利知识为核心的灵感启发环境,激发设计者的灵感辅助创新设计。以具有自锁功能的液压油缸创新设计为例,验证了这一创新设计过程的可行性和有效性。
五、基于专利知识的计算机辅助创新系统研究
以前述理论研究为基础,开发了由知识库、专利库、规则库和功能模块组成的基于专利知识的计算机辅助创新系统,实现了基于专利知识的启发创新设计流程。结合液压油缸产品设计,说明了该系统功能模块的操作界面及操作方法,初步验证了该系统的有效性。通过该系统产生的创新设计产品获得国家发明专利。
After the comprehensive analysis of patent text processing method and the research of innovative design method and system based on patent knowledge, the method of innovative design of mechanical product based on patent knowledge is proposed in the thesis, against the problems existing in the research of patent knowledge used in innovative design. The main progress of the above research is reflected as the following five aspects.
1. Research on automatic classification method of patents
The characteristic of the description of patent text is studied, and the disadvantages of the existing classification methods for classification method of patents, including character choosing algorithm and classification algorithm, are analyzed and discussed. Based on the algorithm of Information Gain and K Nearest Neighbor, the algorithm of improved Information Gain for character choosing and improved K Nearest Neighbor for patent classification are proposed. Furthermore, an automatic classification method of patents are proposed by combining the above two improved algorithms. Finally, taking the classification of US patents as an example, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed automatic classification method of patents are confirmed, which will contribute to the follow-up retrieval and analysis applied in innovative design based on patents.
2. Research on novelty evaluation method of patents
According to the characteristics of the knowledge contained in patents, the verbs and nouns in patent text can be used to represent principle design knowledge and structure design knowledge respectively. Through introducing the compute concept of information entropy, the novelty evaluation method of patents is proposed, including novelty degree and compatible degree of patents. Moreover, the method of morphological analysis of patents is studied. And the novelty evaluation model of combined patent knowledge is constructed by combining with morphological analysis and the novelty evaluation method of patents. Furthermore, the novelty evaluation process of combined patent knowledge is proposed on the basis of morphological analysis. Taking the novelty evaluation process in the innovative design of self-locking straight line drive mechanism as an example, the influence of the novelty evaluation result caused by the change of patent account and word account of patent knowledge is contrasted and analyzed. The practicality of the evaluation method based on the novelty degree and compatible degree and the innovative design method of combined patent knowledge are verified.
3. Research on acquisition method for principle solution of mechanical patent
For mechanical product patent, this section discusses the problems of the existing acquisition method and representation method for patent principle solution, and proposes a new knowledge acquisition method for principle solution of mechanical patent including the acquisition task of technical object and technical relationship. Furthermore, the graphical representation of principle solution is proposed. Based on Extensible Markup Language Schema Definition (XSD) and Unified Modeling Language (UML), the representation model of patent principle solution is established. According to the characteristics of mechanical patent text, technical object is identified and acquired with the method of maximum entropy model and patent term dictionary. And through establishing the composition verb database, technical relationship is acquired. This method has some advantages such as the intuitionistic representation of the patent knowledge and the feature that the knowledge is automatically processed by computer. A whole process involving the steps like acquiring the principle knowledge from patent documents, writing the knowledge into XSD and transforming XSD to the representation model is illustrated with a US patent in detail. The model and process laid the foundation for the efficient utilization of patent knowledge.
4. Research on innovative design of mechanical product based on patent inspirations
In the section, the type of patent knowledge for triggering inspirations is summarized. The characteristics of all kinds of patent knowledge are analyzed. The acquisition method of patent knowledge for triggering inspirations is proposed based on regular expression and Non-deterministic Finite Automaton. According to the invention type of authorized patent, inspiration principles are systematically summarized by combining with the type of patent knowledge for inspirations. And, some new inspiration principles that have not found till today are summarized. On this basis, innovative design process is proposed based on patent inspirations. Through constructing inspiring environment by taking inspiration principles and patent knowledge as the core, the inspiration of the designer is triggered to assist innovative design. Taking the innovative design of hydraulic cylinder with the function of self-locking as an example, the feasibility and validity of the innovative design process is proved finally.
5. Research on computer aided innovation system based on patent knowledge
On the basis of the above research, computer aided innovation system realizing the innovative design process based on patent knowledge is developed, which is consisted of knowledge database, patent database, rule database and function modules. Combining with the innovative design of hydraulic cylinder, the operating interface and approach of the function modules of the system are illustrated, and the effectiveness of the system is primarily verified. As a result, the innovative design generated with the assistance of the system is authorized as a state invention patent.
一、专利自动分类方法研究
研究了专利文本部分的表述特点,分析了包括特征选择算法和分类算法的现有分类方法用于专利文本自动分类的缺点。基于信息增益算法和K邻近算法,提出了改进的信息增益算法用于特征选择,改进的K邻近算法用于专利分类,在此基础上进一步提出了一种高效的专利自动分类方法。最后以美国专利的分类试验为例,说明该专利自动分类方法能准确有效地实现专利文本分类,并且有助于在基于专利的创新设计中的检索和分析应用。
二、专利创新性评估方法研究
根据专利中所包含知识的特点,采用动词和名词分别代表原理设计知识和结构设计知识。通过引入信息熵的概念,分别提出了专利知识新颖度和相容度的量化评估方法。结合形态学分析方法,建立了组合专利知识的创新性评估模型,提出了基于形态学分析的组合专利知识创新性评估过程。以具有自锁功能的直线驱动机构设计中所采用的专利知识评估作为例子,通过试验对比分析了专利数量和专利知识词汇数量对创新性评估结果的影响,验证了提出的新颖度和相容度量化评估方法以及组合专利知识创新设计方法的有效性。
三、机械产品专利作用结构知识获取方法研究
针对机械产品专利,分析了现有专利作用结构知识提取和表示方法所存在的问题,提出了针对英文专利的作用结构知识获取方法,包括技术对象和技术关系两方面提取任务。提出了作用结构知识图形化表示方法,建立了基于可扩展标记语言结构XSD和统一建模语言UML的专利作用结构知识表示模型。研究了机械产品专利语言的特点,采用最大熵模型和领域内专利术语词典识别并提取技术对象,通过建立组成类动词库识别核心动词提取技术关系。该专利作用结构知识表示模型具有建模便捷和提取过程计算机自动处理等特点。结合美国专利实例,阐述了从专利中提取作用结构知识,写入XSD结构化文档,最后转化为作用结构表示图的获取过程。
四、基于专利灵感启发的机械产品创新设计研究
总结了专利中有助于灵感启发的知识类型,分析了各类知识的特点,提出了基于正则表达式和非确定有限自动机的专利灵感启发知识提取方法,并结合专利作用结构知识构建了用于灵感启发的专利知识表示模型。根据授权发明专利的发明形式,结合专利知识类型,系统性地提出了灵感启发方式,发现了一些至今未出现的新启发方式。在此基础上,提出了基于专利灵感启发的创新设计过程,通过构建以灵感启发方式和专利知识为核心的灵感启发环境,激发设计者的灵感辅助创新设计。以具有自锁功能的液压油缸创新设计为例,验证了这一创新设计过程的可行性和有效性。
五、基于专利知识的计算机辅助创新系统研究
以前述理论研究为基础,开发了由知识库、专利库、规则库和功能模块组成的基于专利知识的计算机辅助创新系统,实现了基于专利知识的启发创新设计流程。结合液压油缸产品设计,说明了该系统功能模块的操作界面及操作方法,初步验证了该系统的有效性。通过该系统产生的创新设计产品获得国家发明专利。
After the comprehensive analysis of patent text processing method and the research of innovative design method and system based on patent knowledge, the method of innovative design of mechanical product based on patent knowledge is proposed in the thesis, against the problems existing in the research of patent knowledge used in innovative design. The main progress of the above research is reflected as the following five aspects.
1. Research on automatic classification method of patents
The characteristic of the description of patent text is studied, and the disadvantages of the existing classification methods for classification method of patents, including character choosing algorithm and classification algorithm, are analyzed and discussed. Based on the algorithm of Information Gain and K Nearest Neighbor, the algorithm of improved Information Gain for character choosing and improved K Nearest Neighbor for patent classification are proposed. Furthermore, an automatic classification method of patents are proposed by combining the above two improved algorithms. Finally, taking the classification of US patents as an example, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed automatic classification method of patents are confirmed, which will contribute to the follow-up retrieval and analysis applied in innovative design based on patents.
2. Research on novelty evaluation method of patents
According to the characteristics of the knowledge contained in patents, the verbs and nouns in patent text can be used to represent principle design knowledge and structure design knowledge respectively. Through introducing the compute concept of information entropy, the novelty evaluation method of patents is proposed, including novelty degree and compatible degree of patents. Moreover, the method of morphological analysis of patents is studied. And the novelty evaluation model of combined patent knowledge is constructed by combining with morphological analysis and the novelty evaluation method of patents. Furthermore, the novelty evaluation process of combined patent knowledge is proposed on the basis of morphological analysis. Taking the novelty evaluation process in the innovative design of self-locking straight line drive mechanism as an example, the influence of the novelty evaluation result caused by the change of patent account and word account of patent knowledge is contrasted and analyzed. The practicality of the evaluation method based on the novelty degree and compatible degree and the innovative design method of combined patent knowledge are verified.
3. Research on acquisition method for principle solution of mechanical patent
For mechanical product patent, this section discusses the problems of the existing acquisition method and representation method for patent principle solution, and proposes a new knowledge acquisition method for principle solution of mechanical patent including the acquisition task of technical object and technical relationship. Furthermore, the graphical representation of principle solution is proposed. Based on Extensible Markup Language Schema Definition (XSD) and Unified Modeling Language (UML), the representation model of patent principle solution is established. According to the characteristics of mechanical patent text, technical object is identified and acquired with the method of maximum entropy model and patent term dictionary. And through establishing the composition verb database, technical relationship is acquired. This method has some advantages such as the intuitionistic representation of the patent knowledge and the feature that the knowledge is automatically processed by computer. A whole process involving the steps like acquiring the principle knowledge from patent documents, writing the knowledge into XSD and transforming XSD to the representation model is illustrated with a US patent in detail. The model and process laid the foundation for the efficient utilization of patent knowledge.
4. Research on innovative design of mechanical product based on patent inspirations
In the section, the type of patent knowledge for triggering inspirations is summarized. The characteristics of all kinds of patent knowledge are analyzed. The acquisition method of patent knowledge for triggering inspirations is proposed based on regular expression and Non-deterministic Finite Automaton. According to the invention type of authorized patent, inspiration principles are systematically summarized by combining with the type of patent knowledge for inspirations. And, some new inspiration principles that have not found till today are summarized. On this basis, innovative design process is proposed based on patent inspirations. Through constructing inspiring environment by taking inspiration principles and patent knowledge as the core, the inspiration of the designer is triggered to assist innovative design. Taking the innovative design of hydraulic cylinder with the function of self-locking as an example, the feasibility and validity of the innovative design process is proved finally.
5. Research on computer aided innovation system based on patent knowledge
On the basis of the above research, computer aided innovation system realizing the innovative design process based on patent knowledge is developed, which is consisted of knowledge database, patent database, rule database and function modules. Combining with the innovative design of hydraulic cylinder, the operating interface and approach of the function modules of the system are illustrated, and the effectiveness of the system is primarily verified. As a result, the innovative design generated with the assistance of the system is authorized as a state invention patent.
引文
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