茶园温室气体排放的研究
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摘要
茶园生态系统温室气体的排放及其对环境的影响越来越受到人们的重视。本文采用静态箱一气相色谱分析方法,以湖南省长沙市金井镇湘丰茶叶有限公司的飞跃茶园基地三种典型茶园土地利用类型即稻草覆盖、常规施肥、清耕茶园为研究对象,对二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮的排放通量及其影响因子进行了研究,旨在为合理的茶园生态系统管理提供科学依据,主要结果如下：
1.三种类型茶园气体排放全天24小时N20与Co2排放趋势基本相同,从7：00am～9：00am,趋势平稳,N20排放量范围在133.31～131.6 G/ha/d之间,CO2排放量范围在248.38～289.51Kga/d之间,之后都呈上升趋势,N20全天最高值出现在13：00pm,值为274.51G/ha/d,CO2全天最高值出现在午后15：00,值为471.41Kg/ha/d,而最低值两者都出现在夜晚1：00,分别为57.78G/ha/d、-89.18Kg/ha/d,CH4排放与吸收并在,而且都很弱,甚至接近零。
2.土壤CO2排放通量在茶园三个重要生长季内表现为夏季月份高,秋季月份次之,春季月份最低。稻草覆盖、常规施肥、清耕茶园平均土壤呼吸通量的最大值出现在7月份,最低值出现在3月份。三种类型茶园土壤CO2排放通量的变化范围在13.81-768.35Kg/ha/d之间,排放通量平均值在191.02-207.18Kg/ha/d之间,按大小排序依次为稻草覆盖>常规施肥>清耕茶园。稻草覆盖无论是排放均值还是排放总量都明显高于其他类型,七个月排放通量在14899.8-16160.1Kg/ha/d之间。5cm土温和土壤CO2排放通量的相关关系均达到了极显著的水平。土壤C02排放通量与土壤含水量之间没有显著相关性。
3.稻草覆盖、清耕茶园土壤CH4排放通量3、4、5月份主要为负值,表现为土壤吸收甲烷增强。常规施肥地3月表现为CH4释放,4月～5月表现为CH4吸收,6月～9月又表现为CH4释放。三种茶园土地利用类型之间只有常规施肥与清耕茶园之间表现为5%显著水平,其它均不呈显著性。三种类型土壤CH4排放或吸收通量变化范围在-2809.30～4757.05G/ha/d之间,平均值在-85.17～113.28G/ha/d之间,按七个月排放总量大小排序依次为常规施肥>稻草覆盖>清耕茶园。稻草覆盖,常规施肥,清耕茶园的排放通量与5cm土层温度都呈线性相关,均达到显著相关水平。与土壤含水量均无显著相关性。
4,土壤N20月排放通量在春末夏初时节,春夏茶生长期内最高,夏末秋初时节,夏秋茶生长期内次之。三种茶园土地利用类型N20土壤七个月排放通量的变化范围为1.70-892.37G/ha/d之间,平均排放通量值在36.27M14.08G/ha/d之间变化,按排放通量大小排序依次为常规施肥>稻草覆盖>清耕茶园。七个月排放总量来看以清耕茶园最低,常规施肥最高。常规施肥、稻草覆盖、清耕茶园土壤N20排放通量与5cm地温、土壤含水量均不显著相关。
More and more attention is paid to the greenhouse gas emissions of tea garden ecosystem and their impact on the environment. To understand the influence of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment and provide scientific basis of reasonable management of tea garden ecosystem, this paper have studied Carbon dioxide, Methane and Nitrous oxide fluxes and their influence factors by closed chamber-Gas Chromatography method under three different land use types of tea garden(Straw-covered tea garden, Potato-fertilizer tea garden, Qing Geng tea garden) at FeiYue tea plantation base in XiangFeng Tea limited company at Jinjing count, Changsha, Hunan province. The mainly results were as follows:
1. Gas emissions trend of three types of tea garden of N2O and CO2 within 24 hours was same, with smoothly trend from7:00～9:00am, soil N2O flux ranged from 133.31～131.60G/ha/d, Soil CO2flux ranged from 248.38～289.51G/ha/d, then trended increasingly, with the highest N2O flux inl3:00pm,274.51G/ha/d,andCO2 flux after 15:00,471.41 kg/ha/d,and with the lowest inl:00 evening,57.78 G/ha/d,-89.18Kg/ha/d. There was absorbing and emitting CH4, with delicated fluctuation, even near zero.
2.With the mean flux from191.02 to 201.18Kg/ha/d,soil CO2 flux under three land use types ranged from13.8 to 768.35 Kg/ha/d, which showed the months' fluctuation of tea garden soil CO2 flux during three important growing seasons, with the highest in summer's months, the higher in spring's months, and lower in autumn's months, with the highest in July, and the lowest in March, with Straw-covered tea garden higher two others. The order of average soil CO2 flux was:Straw-covered tea garden>Potato-fertilizer tea garden> QingGeng tea garden, with seven months flux from14899.8 to 16160.1kg/ha/d. Soil CO2 flux was highly correlated with temperature in 5cm soil depth and there were no significant correlations between soil CO2 fluxes and soil moisture.
3. The order of month of soil CH4 flux showed Straw-covered tea garden and QingGeng tea garden absorbed CH4, Potato-fertilizer tea garden emitted CH4 in March, June and September, and absorbed CH4.Straw-covered tea garden and QingGeng tea garden had significant 5% correlations, With the mean flux from-85.17 to 113.28 g/ha/d, soil CH4 flux under three land use types ranged from-2809.30 to 4757.05g/ha/d, The order of average soil CH4 flux was:Potato-fertilizer tea garden> Straw-covered tea garden> QingGeng tea garden. Soil CH4 flux was linear correlations with temperature in 5cm soil depth and there was no significant correlations between soil CH4 fluxes and soil moisture.
4. With the mean flux from36.27 to 114.08g/ha/d,soil N2O flux under three land use types ranged from1.70 to 892.37g/ha/d,which showed the months'fluctuation of tea garden soil N2O flux during three important growing seasons, with the highest during the spring and summer's tea growing season, the higher during the summer and autumn'tea growing season, the order of average soil N2O flux was: Potato-fertilizer tea garden> Straw-covered tea garden> QingGeng tea garden, and seven months highest flux was Potato-fertilizer tea garden.the lowest was QingGeng tea garden. Soil N2O flux was no correlated with temperature in 5cm soil depth and there were no significant correlations between soil N2O fluxes and soil moisture.
1.三种类型茶园气体排放全天24小时N20与Co2排放趋势基本相同,从7：00am～9：00am,趋势平稳,N20排放量范围在133.31～131.6 G/ha/d之间,CO2排放量范围在248.38～289.51Kga/d之间,之后都呈上升趋势,N20全天最高值出现在13：00pm,值为274.51G/ha/d,CO2全天最高值出现在午后15：00,值为471.41Kg/ha/d,而最低值两者都出现在夜晚1：00,分别为57.78G/ha/d、-89.18Kg/ha/d,CH4排放与吸收并在,而且都很弱,甚至接近零。
2.土壤CO2排放通量在茶园三个重要生长季内表现为夏季月份高,秋季月份次之,春季月份最低。稻草覆盖、常规施肥、清耕茶园平均土壤呼吸通量的最大值出现在7月份,最低值出现在3月份。三种类型茶园土壤CO2排放通量的变化范围在13.81-768.35Kg/ha/d之间,排放通量平均值在191.02-207.18Kg/ha/d之间,按大小排序依次为稻草覆盖>常规施肥>清耕茶园。稻草覆盖无论是排放均值还是排放总量都明显高于其他类型,七个月排放通量在14899.8-16160.1Kg/ha/d之间。5cm土温和土壤CO2排放通量的相关关系均达到了极显著的水平。土壤C02排放通量与土壤含水量之间没有显著相关性。
3.稻草覆盖、清耕茶园土壤CH4排放通量3、4、5月份主要为负值,表现为土壤吸收甲烷增强。常规施肥地3月表现为CH4释放,4月～5月表现为CH4吸收,6月～9月又表现为CH4释放。三种茶园土地利用类型之间只有常规施肥与清耕茶园之间表现为5%显著水平,其它均不呈显著性。三种类型土壤CH4排放或吸收通量变化范围在-2809.30～4757.05G/ha/d之间,平均值在-85.17～113.28G/ha/d之间,按七个月排放总量大小排序依次为常规施肥>稻草覆盖>清耕茶园。稻草覆盖,常规施肥,清耕茶园的排放通量与5cm土层温度都呈线性相关,均达到显著相关水平。与土壤含水量均无显著相关性。
4,土壤N20月排放通量在春末夏初时节,春夏茶生长期内最高,夏末秋初时节,夏秋茶生长期内次之。三种茶园土地利用类型N20土壤七个月排放通量的变化范围为1.70-892.37G/ha/d之间,平均排放通量值在36.27M14.08G/ha/d之间变化,按排放通量大小排序依次为常规施肥>稻草覆盖>清耕茶园。七个月排放总量来看以清耕茶园最低,常规施肥最高。常规施肥、稻草覆盖、清耕茶园土壤N20排放通量与5cm地温、土壤含水量均不显著相关。
More and more attention is paid to the greenhouse gas emissions of tea garden ecosystem and their impact on the environment. To understand the influence of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment and provide scientific basis of reasonable management of tea garden ecosystem, this paper have studied Carbon dioxide, Methane and Nitrous oxide fluxes and their influence factors by closed chamber-Gas Chromatography method under three different land use types of tea garden(Straw-covered tea garden, Potato-fertilizer tea garden, Qing Geng tea garden) at FeiYue tea plantation base in XiangFeng Tea limited company at Jinjing count, Changsha, Hunan province. The mainly results were as follows:
1. Gas emissions trend of three types of tea garden of N2O and CO2 within 24 hours was same, with smoothly trend from7:00～9:00am, soil N2O flux ranged from 133.31～131.60G/ha/d, Soil CO2flux ranged from 248.38～289.51G/ha/d, then trended increasingly, with the highest N2O flux inl3:00pm,274.51G/ha/d,andCO2 flux after 15:00,471.41 kg/ha/d,and with the lowest inl:00 evening,57.78 G/ha/d,-89.18Kg/ha/d. There was absorbing and emitting CH4, with delicated fluctuation, even near zero.
2.With the mean flux from191.02 to 201.18Kg/ha/d,soil CO2 flux under three land use types ranged from13.8 to 768.35 Kg/ha/d, which showed the months' fluctuation of tea garden soil CO2 flux during three important growing seasons, with the highest in summer's months, the higher in spring's months, and lower in autumn's months, with the highest in July, and the lowest in March, with Straw-covered tea garden higher two others. The order of average soil CO2 flux was:Straw-covered tea garden>Potato-fertilizer tea garden> QingGeng tea garden, with seven months flux from14899.8 to 16160.1kg/ha/d. Soil CO2 flux was highly correlated with temperature in 5cm soil depth and there were no significant correlations between soil CO2 fluxes and soil moisture.
3. The order of month of soil CH4 flux showed Straw-covered tea garden and QingGeng tea garden absorbed CH4, Potato-fertilizer tea garden emitted CH4 in March, June and September, and absorbed CH4.Straw-covered tea garden and QingGeng tea garden had significant 5% correlations, With the mean flux from-85.17 to 113.28 g/ha/d, soil CH4 flux under three land use types ranged from-2809.30 to 4757.05g/ha/d, The order of average soil CH4 flux was:Potato-fertilizer tea garden> Straw-covered tea garden> QingGeng tea garden. Soil CH4 flux was linear correlations with temperature in 5cm soil depth and there was no significant correlations between soil CH4 fluxes and soil moisture.
4. With the mean flux from36.27 to 114.08g/ha/d,soil N2O flux under three land use types ranged from1.70 to 892.37g/ha/d,which showed the months'fluctuation of tea garden soil N2O flux during three important growing seasons, with the highest during the spring and summer's tea growing season, the higher during the summer and autumn'tea growing season, the order of average soil N2O flux was: Potato-fertilizer tea garden> Straw-covered tea garden> QingGeng tea garden, and seven months highest flux was Potato-fertilizer tea garden.the lowest was QingGeng tea garden. Soil N2O flux was no correlated with temperature in 5cm soil depth and there were no significant correlations between soil N2O fluxes and soil moisture.
引文
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