ALSTOM气化炉的分析与控制
|
摘要
气化炉是整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)重要部分,具有非线性、多变量耦合以及控制约束等特性,其控制十分困难。本文首先采用相对增益矩阵(RGA)、有效相对增益矩阵(ERGA)和奇异值(SVD)等方法对ALSTOM气化炉控制结构进行了分析,提出了分散控制方案,并在此基础上整定了分散控制器。仿真表明由于没有考虑系统动态以及控制约束,基于上述方法的分散控制方案不能满足设计要求。随后,本文利用采用H_∞回路成形方法设计了多变量控制器,并将其转化为PID控制器,仿真结果表明该控制器可以满足设计要求。
A gasifier is an important part of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC).Due to its nonlinearity, coupling, and control constraints, the control of a gasifier isdifficult. This thesis first analyzes the control structure of the ALSTOM gasifier viarelative gain array (RGA), effective RGA, and singular value (SVD) methods. Twodecentralized control structure are proposed and tuned. Simulation results show that dueto the neglect of system dynamics and control constraints, these structures are not properfor the design specifications. Then a multivariable controller is designed for the gasifiervia the H_∞loop shaping method, and is reduced to a multivariable PID controller.Simulation results show that the designed controller can fulfill the designspecifications.
A gasifier is an important part of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC).Due to its nonlinearity, coupling, and control constraints, the control of a gasifier isdifficult. This thesis first analyzes the control structure of the ALSTOM gasifier viarelative gain array (RGA), effective RGA, and singular value (SVD) methods. Twodecentralized control structure are proposed and tuned. Simulation results show that dueto the neglect of system dynamics and control constraints, these structures are not properfor the design specifications. Then a multivariable controller is designed for the gasifiervia the H_∞loop shaping method, and is reduced to a multivariable PID controller.Simulation results show that the designed controller can fulfill the designspecifications.
引文
[1] 焦树建. 整体煤气化燃气-蒸汽联合循环(IGCC).北京:中国电力出版社,1996.第一卷
[2] 中国科学院工程热物理研究所,美国杜兰大学.中美专家关于整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)技术报告. DOE/FE-0357, 1996
[3] 林如谋,蔡睿贤.整体煤气化联合循环发电技术的综合研究.发电设备,1996,134(2):31-37
[4] 焦树建. 对目前世界上五座IGCC电站技术的评估[J] .燃气轮机技术.1999,(2)
[5] 韦思亮,倪维斗,刘尚明. IGCC 电站中气化炉控制系统研究. 热能动力工程,2002,17:551-554
[6] 段立强. IGCC 系统全工况特性与设计优化以及新系统开拓研究:[博士学位论文] .中国科学院研究生院,2002
[7] 迟全虎. IGCC 联合循环系统建模与设计优化研究:[硕士学位论文] .中国科学院研究生院,2004
[8] 聂义民,毕宾生,彭爱华.气化炉的计算机模拟及其应用.中氮肥.1997,1:23-34
[9] Pike AW, Donnems, DIXONR. Dynamic modeling and simulation of the air blowngasification cycle prototype integrated plant[A]. International Conference onSimulation[C].IEE,1998: 354-356
[10] P. Grosdidier, M. Morari, A computer aided methodology for the design ofdecentralized controllers. Comput. Chem. Eng,1987, 11: 423-433
[11]P. Grosdidier, M. Morari, Closed-loop properties from steady-state gain information.Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund, 1985, 24: 221-235
[12] S. Skogestad and I. Postlethwaite. Multivariable feedback control.Analysis anddesign.Wiley, January 1997
[13] C. Chin and N. Munro, Control of the ALSTOM gasifier benchmark problem usingH2 methodology,Journal of Process Control,2003, 13: 759–768
[14] E.H. Bristol, On a new measure of interactions for multivariable process control,IEEE Trans,Automat. Control,1966, 11: 133-134
[15] M. Withcher, T.J. McAvoy, Interacting control system: steady-state and dynamicmeasurement of interaction , Ind.Eng.Chen.Fund, 1985,24: 221-235
[16] E.H. Bristol, Resent results on interaction in multivariable process control. In:Proceeding of the 71stAnnualAIChE Meeting,Houston,TX,USA,1979
[17] L.Tung, T.Edger, Analysis of control-output interaction in dynamic systems, AIChEJ, 1981, 27: 690-693
[18] McFarlane, D., and K. Glover,Aloop shaping design procedure using H?synthesis, IEEE Trans. onAC, 1992, (36):759-769.
[19] Special Issue on theALSTOM Gasifier Control Benchmark Challenge, Proc. Instn.Mech. Eng., Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering,2000, 214(16)
[20] Prempain, E., Postlethwaite, I. and Sun, X. D, Robust control of the gasier using amixed-sensitivity H ?approach, Proc Instn Mech Engrs, 2000.vol 214, part I,:415-426
[21] Walker, D. J, H ?control of gasication plant, Proc Instn Mech Engrs,2001,215,part I: 235-243
[22] R. Dixon, Pike A.W. & Donned M.S. The ALSTOM Benchmark Challenge ongasifier control. Proc. Instn. Mech. Eng., Part I, J Syst and Cont Eng, 2000, 214(16):389-394
[23]R.Dixon, PikeA.W. Introduction to 2NDALSTOM Benchmark Challenge on gasifiercontrol. Control 2004, University of Bath, UK, 2004.SeptemberID-255
[24] P. C. Young, M. A. Behzadi, C. L. Wang, and A. Chotai. Direct digital andadaptive control by input-output, state variable feedback pole assignment. Int. J.Control,1987, 46: 1867–1881.
[25] McMullan, J. T., Williams, B. C. and Sloan,E. P, Clean Coal Technologies,IMechE,1997. 1, Chap 3: 95-107
[26] Moreea-Taha, R., Modeling and Simulation for Coal Gasifier, Report, IEA CoalResearch, Putney Hill, London, 2000.ISBN 92-9029-354-3
[27] Qiang. Xiong, Wen-Jian Cai. Mao-Jun He. A practical loop pairing criterion formultivariable processes.Journal of Process Control, 2005, 15: 741-747
[28] Hyde, R.“H ?Aerospace Control Design”, Springer, London. 1995
[29] E. Prempain. Static H ?Loop shaping control . Control 2004,University of Bath,UK, 2004.September ID-244
[30]T. Iwasaki and R. E. Skelton.All controllers forthe general H ?control problem:LMI existence conditions and state space formulas. Automatica,1994.30(8):1307–1317
[31] B. N. Asmar, W. E. Jones & J. A. Wilson. A process engineering approach to theALSTOM gasifier problem, Proc. Instn. Mech. Eng., Part I, J of Syst and ContEng, 2000, 214(16): 441-452
[32] R. Dixon. Alstom benchmark challenge ii: Control of a non-linear gasifier model.ALSTOM, available fromhttp://www.iee.org/OnComms/ PN/ controlauto/ Specification v2.pdf, 2002
[33] S. Skogestad and I. Postlethwaite. Multivariable feedback control, analysis anddesign.Wiley, June 1996
[34] F. Bruzelius and C. Breitholtz. Gain scheduling via affine linear parameter varyingsystems and H ?synthesis. In Conference on Decision & Control, 2001: 2386–2391
[35] S. L. Gatley*, D. G. Bates and I. Postlethwaite. H ?Control and anti-windupcompensation of the nonlinear ALSTOM. Control 2004, University of Bath, UK,September 2004: 254
[36] G. Becker and A. Packard. Robust performance of linear parametricallyvaryingsystems using parametrically-dependent linear feedback. System & ControlLetters, 1994,23:205–215
[37] 傅彩芬,谭文,刘吉臻. 基于回路成形的鲁棒增益调度控制器设计. 信息与控制,2005,30(2):152-156
[38] 钟舜聪,李升平,孙志娟. 基于回路成形法的鲁棒控制器设计. 汕头大学学报(自然科学版),2000,15(2):19-26
[39] 刘国华,石红瑞. 基于 H ?回路成形的鲁棒 PID参数整定. 控制系统,2006,67(3):67-69
[40] 章申燕,袁增任等著. 控制系统的设计与实践. 北京:清华大学出版社,1998:58-69
[41] 徐昕,李涛,伯晓晨等编著. Matlab 工具箱应用指南—控制工程篇. 北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[42] 史思科,吴方向,王蓓,阮洪宁. 鲁棒控制理论.北京:国防工业出版社 2003
[43] 吴晓燕, 张双选编著. MATLAB在自动控制中的应用. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[44] 魏巍主编. MATLAB控制工程工具箱技术手册. 北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[45] MATLAB与SIMULINK工程应用(译). [法]Mohand.Mokhtari, Michel Marie著.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[2] 中国科学院工程热物理研究所,美国杜兰大学.中美专家关于整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)技术报告. DOE/FE-0357, 1996
[3] 林如谋,蔡睿贤.整体煤气化联合循环发电技术的综合研究.发电设备,1996,134(2):31-37
[4] 焦树建. 对目前世界上五座IGCC电站技术的评估[J] .燃气轮机技术.1999,(2)
[5] 韦思亮,倪维斗,刘尚明. IGCC 电站中气化炉控制系统研究. 热能动力工程,2002,17:551-554
[6] 段立强. IGCC 系统全工况特性与设计优化以及新系统开拓研究:[博士学位论文] .中国科学院研究生院,2002
[7] 迟全虎. IGCC 联合循环系统建模与设计优化研究:[硕士学位论文] .中国科学院研究生院,2004
[8] 聂义民,毕宾生,彭爱华.气化炉的计算机模拟及其应用.中氮肥.1997,1:23-34
[9] Pike AW, Donnems, DIXONR. Dynamic modeling and simulation of the air blowngasification cycle prototype integrated plant[A]. International Conference onSimulation[C].IEE,1998: 354-356
[10] P. Grosdidier, M. Morari, A computer aided methodology for the design ofdecentralized controllers. Comput. Chem. Eng,1987, 11: 423-433
[11]P. Grosdidier, M. Morari, Closed-loop properties from steady-state gain information.Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund, 1985, 24: 221-235
[12] S. Skogestad and I. Postlethwaite. Multivariable feedback control.Analysis anddesign.Wiley, January 1997
[13] C. Chin and N. Munro, Control of the ALSTOM gasifier benchmark problem usingH2 methodology,Journal of Process Control,2003, 13: 759–768
[14] E.H. Bristol, On a new measure of interactions for multivariable process control,IEEE Trans,Automat. Control,1966, 11: 133-134
[15] M. Withcher, T.J. McAvoy, Interacting control system: steady-state and dynamicmeasurement of interaction , Ind.Eng.Chen.Fund, 1985,24: 221-235
[16] E.H. Bristol, Resent results on interaction in multivariable process control. In:Proceeding of the 71stAnnualAIChE Meeting,Houston,TX,USA,1979
[17] L.Tung, T.Edger, Analysis of control-output interaction in dynamic systems, AIChEJ, 1981, 27: 690-693
[18] McFarlane, D., and K. Glover,Aloop shaping design procedure using H?synthesis, IEEE Trans. onAC, 1992, (36):759-769.
[19] Special Issue on theALSTOM Gasifier Control Benchmark Challenge, Proc. Instn.Mech. Eng., Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering,2000, 214(16)
[20] Prempain, E., Postlethwaite, I. and Sun, X. D, Robust control of the gasier using amixed-sensitivity H ?approach, Proc Instn Mech Engrs, 2000.vol 214, part I,:415-426
[21] Walker, D. J, H ?control of gasication plant, Proc Instn Mech Engrs,2001,215,part I: 235-243
[22] R. Dixon, Pike A.W. & Donned M.S. The ALSTOM Benchmark Challenge ongasifier control. Proc. Instn. Mech. Eng., Part I, J Syst and Cont Eng, 2000, 214(16):389-394
[23]R.Dixon, PikeA.W. Introduction to 2NDALSTOM Benchmark Challenge on gasifiercontrol. Control 2004, University of Bath, UK, 2004.SeptemberID-255
[24] P. C. Young, M. A. Behzadi, C. L. Wang, and A. Chotai. Direct digital andadaptive control by input-output, state variable feedback pole assignment. Int. J.Control,1987, 46: 1867–1881.
[25] McMullan, J. T., Williams, B. C. and Sloan,E. P, Clean Coal Technologies,IMechE,1997. 1, Chap 3: 95-107
[26] Moreea-Taha, R., Modeling and Simulation for Coal Gasifier, Report, IEA CoalResearch, Putney Hill, London, 2000.ISBN 92-9029-354-3
[27] Qiang. Xiong, Wen-Jian Cai. Mao-Jun He. A practical loop pairing criterion formultivariable processes.Journal of Process Control, 2005, 15: 741-747
[28] Hyde, R.“H ?Aerospace Control Design”, Springer, London. 1995
[29] E. Prempain. Static H ?Loop shaping control . Control 2004,University of Bath,UK, 2004.September ID-244
[30]T. Iwasaki and R. E. Skelton.All controllers forthe general H ?control problem:LMI existence conditions and state space formulas. Automatica,1994.30(8):1307–1317
[31] B. N. Asmar, W. E. Jones & J. A. Wilson. A process engineering approach to theALSTOM gasifier problem, Proc. Instn. Mech. Eng., Part I, J of Syst and ContEng, 2000, 214(16): 441-452
[32] R. Dixon. Alstom benchmark challenge ii: Control of a non-linear gasifier model.ALSTOM, available fromhttp://www.iee.org/OnComms/ PN/ controlauto/ Specification v2.pdf, 2002
[33] S. Skogestad and I. Postlethwaite. Multivariable feedback control, analysis anddesign.Wiley, June 1996
[34] F. Bruzelius and C. Breitholtz. Gain scheduling via affine linear parameter varyingsystems and H ?synthesis. In Conference on Decision & Control, 2001: 2386–2391
[35] S. L. Gatley*, D. G. Bates and I. Postlethwaite. H ?Control and anti-windupcompensation of the nonlinear ALSTOM. Control 2004, University of Bath, UK,September 2004: 254
[36] G. Becker and A. Packard. Robust performance of linear parametricallyvaryingsystems using parametrically-dependent linear feedback. System & ControlLetters, 1994,23:205–215
[37] 傅彩芬,谭文,刘吉臻. 基于回路成形的鲁棒增益调度控制器设计. 信息与控制,2005,30(2):152-156
[38] 钟舜聪,李升平,孙志娟. 基于回路成形法的鲁棒控制器设计. 汕头大学学报(自然科学版),2000,15(2):19-26
[39] 刘国华,石红瑞. 基于 H ?回路成形的鲁棒 PID参数整定. 控制系统,2006,67(3):67-69
[40] 章申燕,袁增任等著. 控制系统的设计与实践. 北京:清华大学出版社,1998:58-69
[41] 徐昕,李涛,伯晓晨等编著. Matlab 工具箱应用指南—控制工程篇. 北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[42] 史思科,吴方向,王蓓,阮洪宁. 鲁棒控制理论.北京:国防工业出版社 2003
[43] 吴晓燕, 张双选编著. MATLAB在自动控制中的应用. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[44] 魏巍主编. MATLAB控制工程工具箱技术手册. 北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[45] MATLAB与SIMULINK工程应用(译). [法]Mohand.Mokhtari, Michel Marie著.北京:电子工业出版社,2002