氨基酸螯合铁在动物中的吸收转动规律及应用研究
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摘要
本研究分为2次试验，研究了赖氨酸螯合铁和甘氨酸螯合铁(分别编写为：
Fe-Lys和 Fe-Gly，下同)的吸收转运规律以及实际应用效果。
试验1选择正常生理状态下的大鼠为动物模型，研究不同铁营养状况下的大
鼠对 Fe-Lys和 Fe-Gly的吸收、转运规律。试验采用90只 40日龄Wistar纯系雄
性大鼠，设定两种口粮背景(纯合日根和常规日粮),利用直接灌胃技术和放射性
同位素示踪技术，观察了大鼠灌胃后，不同时间点(2、24、96、168、240h)的
血液、红细胞、血清球蛋白、十二指肠及所有时间点的组织器官(肝脏、脾脏、
肌肉和股骨)~(59)Fe比放射性的动态变化和总铁含量以及大鼠灌胃后第十天的主要
血液学指标(血红蛋白、血清铁和血清总铁结合力)的变化。
试验2以猪为目标动物，研究Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly的应用效果。试验采用17头
胎次为第2胎的纯种杜洛克母猪，分 3个处理(三种铁源 FeSO_4、Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly，
按Fe计母猪添加量120mg/kg；仔猪添加量150mg/kg)，每个重复一头母猪，(其
中：FeSO_4组，5头母猪；Fe-Lys组和Fe-Gly组各6头母猪)。通过测定母猪产后
不同时间点(1、5、9、13、17、21d)的母乳铁含量、乳猪不同日龄(1、7、14、
21、35d)的主要血液学参数的变化、乳猪不同日龄(1、21d)组织器官(肝脏、
脾脏和肌肉)铁含量的变化以及辅助或不辅助补铁针对仔猪(21日龄和35日龄)
生长发育影响的研究，评价氨基酸螯合铁(Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly)的应用效果。从而
为氨基酸螯合铁科学而经济地走向实用提供理论依据。
试验1结果表明，在纯合日粮背景下，大鼠更易于吸收、转运和利用氨基酸
螯合铁中的铁，不同组织器官中~(59)Fe的比放射性和组织器官总铁含量也支持上述
结论；在常规日粮背景下，大鼠对氨基酸螯合铁中铁的吸收、转运和利用优于
Fe-Cl；大鼠对Fe-Lys中铁的吸收、转运和利用优于 Fe-Gly。
试验2结果表明，Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly相对于FeSO_4可以不同程度地提高母猪母
乳中的铁含量，尤其是Fe-Lys可明显提高母猪母乳中的铁含量(P<0.05);两氨基
酸螯合铁对初生乳猪和21日龄仔猪的铁储的影响没有规律性；Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly
相对于FeSO_4对仔猪不同时间点的血红蛋白和血清铁都有不同程度提高，尤其是
Fe-Lys显著提高了血红蛋白的含量(P<0.05),显著降低14～35日龄仔猪血清总
铁结合力含量(P<0.05),但对0～14日龄仔猪血槽总铁结合力的影响不显著
o功．05hF e－Lye－Lys和Fe－Qy是良好的铁源添加剂，仔猪生后用其取代常规补铁
0eSO4＋Fed入可以获得常规补铁OeSO人冈A)同样的效果；若同时输以铁
补针可显著提商仔猪的生长邀度(以常规补铁仔猪在0～ZI日龄、0～35日龄和
ZI～35日龄的日增重为100O4，则刀叫vs＋Fe－R组仔猪的相应值分别为132．63％、
126．72％和＊．94％，则 Fe－Gpee－R组仔猪的相应值分别为 1＊石二％、116．6她
和1u．94％入分析不同的补铁方式对仔猪生长发育的效应可得出，铁源和补铁针
都能极显著彤响仔猪的生长发育。就铁源平均数而言，以 Fe－Lys组最高，而且，
饲以氨基酸鳖合铁oesLys或 Fe－Gly)辅以注射铁补针对提高仔猪 0～ZI、0—35
和ZI～35日龄日增重有极显著的互作效应，就补铁方式而言，Feqs辅以补铁针
即F砌s＋Fe－R是最佳的给仔猪补铁方式。
The study consisted of 2 trials was aimed to evaluate the absorption and
transportation characteristics of ferrous lysine chelate (Fe-Lys) and ferrous glycine
(Fe-Gly), and their application.
Rat in normal physiological status was chosen as experimental animal mode in
trial 1 to evaluate the absorption and transportation characteristics of iron in the
form of Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly. Ninety 40-d-old pure Wistar male mice in normal physiological status were used to study the changes of specific ~(59)Fe radioactivity and the gross iron content in blood, red cell, serum globin and duodenum at different time (2, 24, 96, 168, 240h) after lavage, and in tissues and organs (liver, spleen, muscle, thighbone) at all times, and major haematology parameters (haemoglobin, serum ferrous, total ferrous -binding capacity) on the 10th day after lavage.
In trial 2, Pigs were used to study the application effects of Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly. Seventeen pure Duroc sows were divided into 3 treatments according to the type of ferrous source, which were FeSO_4, Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly (120 mg/kg in sow rations and 150 mg/kg in piglet rations). The application effects of Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly were evaluated by determining iron content in milk in different times (1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21d) after farrowing, key haematology parameters at different ages (1, 7, 14, 21, 35d) and ferrous content changes in tissues and organs (liver, spleen, muscle, thighbone). Growth rates of pigs were recorded with or without combination of ferriporphyrin via intramuscular injection in order to provide theoretical evidences for scientific, economical use of ferrous amino acid chelate (FAAC),
Iron from Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly in purified diet could be absorbed, transported,
and utilized easily The Specific ~(59)Fe radioactivity and the gross ferrous content in
fferent hssues and organs supported the conclusfon. Iron from M in
conventiOnal diet could be absorbed, tr8nspohed, and utithed bett6r than that hom
Fe-CL with better effect from Fe -LyS than from Fe-Gly
Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly could increase hon content in sow Inilk to some extents
in comParison with FeSO4. Especially Fe-Lys significantly enhanced iron content
in Inilk. However, there was no obvious law existed in the effectS of Fc-LyS and
Fe-Gly on ferrous retention in 0d and 2ld-oki pislets. CotnPared with FeSO4,
Fe-Lys and Fe-Oly could increase haemogfobin, serum iron in pghtS of different
age. EsPechlly Fe-LyS wiificantly increased haemogfobin content in milk and
notably decreased serum total iron -binding capacity in 14d to35d-old pghtS, wune
had no effects on serum total iro n-binding caPacity in 0d to l4d-old pislets. Fe -Lys
and Fc-Gly were excellent ferrous additive and they can replace feniPorphyrin via
Intfamuscular injection. They would promote growth rate greatly if used together
with fetriPorphyrin via intramuscular injection. Taken the data supplcmented with
FcSO4 +Fe-R during the 0d to 21d Period, 0d tO 35d Period, and 21d to 35d PeriOd
l00%, daily wcisht gain of pinlets supplcmented with Fe-LyS + Fe-R wcrc
132.62%, 126.72% and 119.94% respectively and those supplemented wih
Fe-Gly+Fe-R were 113.62%, l16.69% and 1l9.94% resPedely The FAA and
ferriPorphyrin via intramuscular injection both promoted growth rate of pteletS
wificantly As far as ferrous additive was concerned, Fe-Lys group had the best
effeCt. Furthermorc, there existed posithe interaction betwOen FAA (Fc-LyS and
Fe-Oly and feniPorphyrin via intramuscular injection on cnhanccment of daily
body gain. As far as fermus supplement method was concemcd, Fe-Lys combin6d
wAn fenipOrphyrin via intramuscular injeCtion was thc. Deal method to provide
Pguts with iron.
Fe-Lys和 Fe-Gly，下同)的吸收转运规律以及实际应用效果。
试验1选择正常生理状态下的大鼠为动物模型，研究不同铁营养状况下的大
鼠对 Fe-Lys和 Fe-Gly的吸收、转运规律。试验采用90只 40日龄Wistar纯系雄
性大鼠，设定两种口粮背景(纯合日根和常规日粮),利用直接灌胃技术和放射性
同位素示踪技术，观察了大鼠灌胃后，不同时间点(2、24、96、168、240h)的
血液、红细胞、血清球蛋白、十二指肠及所有时间点的组织器官(肝脏、脾脏、
肌肉和股骨)~(59)Fe比放射性的动态变化和总铁含量以及大鼠灌胃后第十天的主要
血液学指标(血红蛋白、血清铁和血清总铁结合力)的变化。
试验2以猪为目标动物，研究Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly的应用效果。试验采用17头
胎次为第2胎的纯种杜洛克母猪，分 3个处理(三种铁源 FeSO_4、Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly，
按Fe计母猪添加量120mg/kg；仔猪添加量150mg/kg)，每个重复一头母猪，(其
中：FeSO_4组，5头母猪；Fe-Lys组和Fe-Gly组各6头母猪)。通过测定母猪产后
不同时间点(1、5、9、13、17、21d)的母乳铁含量、乳猪不同日龄(1、7、14、
21、35d)的主要血液学参数的变化、乳猪不同日龄(1、21d)组织器官(肝脏、
脾脏和肌肉)铁含量的变化以及辅助或不辅助补铁针对仔猪(21日龄和35日龄)
生长发育影响的研究，评价氨基酸螯合铁(Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly)的应用效果。从而
为氨基酸螯合铁科学而经济地走向实用提供理论依据。
试验1结果表明，在纯合日粮背景下，大鼠更易于吸收、转运和利用氨基酸
螯合铁中的铁，不同组织器官中~(59)Fe的比放射性和组织器官总铁含量也支持上述
结论；在常规日粮背景下，大鼠对氨基酸螯合铁中铁的吸收、转运和利用优于
Fe-Cl；大鼠对Fe-Lys中铁的吸收、转运和利用优于 Fe-Gly。
试验2结果表明，Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly相对于FeSO_4可以不同程度地提高母猪母
乳中的铁含量，尤其是Fe-Lys可明显提高母猪母乳中的铁含量(P<0.05);两氨基
酸螯合铁对初生乳猪和21日龄仔猪的铁储的影响没有规律性；Fe-Lys和Fe-Gly
相对于FeSO_4对仔猪不同时间点的血红蛋白和血清铁都有不同程度提高，尤其是
Fe-Lys显著提高了血红蛋白的含量(P<0.05),显著降低14～35日龄仔猪血清总
铁结合力含量(P<0.05),但对0～14日龄仔猪血槽总铁结合力的影响不显著
o功．05hF e－Lye－Lys和Fe－Qy是良好的铁源添加剂，仔猪生后用其取代常规补铁
0eSO4＋Fed入可以获得常规补铁OeSO人冈A)同样的效果；若同时输以铁
补针可显著提商仔猪的生长邀度(以常规补铁仔猪在0～ZI日龄、0～35日龄和
ZI～35日龄的日增重为100O4，则刀叫vs＋Fe－R组仔猪的相应值分别为132．63％、
126．72％和＊．94％，则 Fe－Gpee－R组仔猪的相应值分别为 1＊石二％、116．6她
和1u．94％入分析不同的补铁方式对仔猪生长发育的效应可得出，铁源和补铁针
都能极显著彤响仔猪的生长发育。就铁源平均数而言，以 Fe－Lys组最高，而且，
饲以氨基酸鳖合铁oesLys或 Fe－Gly)辅以注射铁补针对提高仔猪 0～ZI、0—35
和ZI～35日龄日增重有极显著的互作效应，就补铁方式而言，Feqs辅以补铁针
即F砌s＋Fe－R是最佳的给仔猪补铁方式。
The study consisted of 2 trials was aimed to evaluate the absorption and
transportation characteristics of ferrous lysine chelate (Fe-Lys) and ferrous glycine
(Fe-Gly), and their application.
Rat in normal physiological status was chosen as experimental animal mode in
trial 1 to evaluate the absorption and transportation characteristics of iron in the
form of Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly. Ninety 40-d-old pure Wistar male mice in normal physiological status were used to study the changes of specific ~(59)Fe radioactivity and the gross iron content in blood, red cell, serum globin and duodenum at different time (2, 24, 96, 168, 240h) after lavage, and in tissues and organs (liver, spleen, muscle, thighbone) at all times, and major haematology parameters (haemoglobin, serum ferrous, total ferrous -binding capacity) on the 10th day after lavage.
In trial 2, Pigs were used to study the application effects of Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly. Seventeen pure Duroc sows were divided into 3 treatments according to the type of ferrous source, which were FeSO_4, Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly (120 mg/kg in sow rations and 150 mg/kg in piglet rations). The application effects of Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly were evaluated by determining iron content in milk in different times (1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21d) after farrowing, key haematology parameters at different ages (1, 7, 14, 21, 35d) and ferrous content changes in tissues and organs (liver, spleen, muscle, thighbone). Growth rates of pigs were recorded with or without combination of ferriporphyrin via intramuscular injection in order to provide theoretical evidences for scientific, economical use of ferrous amino acid chelate (FAAC),
Iron from Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly in purified diet could be absorbed, transported,
and utilized easily The Specific ~(59)Fe radioactivity and the gross ferrous content in
fferent hssues and organs supported the conclusfon. Iron from M in
conventiOnal diet could be absorbed, tr8nspohed, and utithed bett6r than that hom
Fe-CL with better effect from Fe -LyS than from Fe-Gly
Fe-Lys and Fe-Gly could increase hon content in sow Inilk to some extents
in comParison with FeSO4. Especially Fe-Lys significantly enhanced iron content
in Inilk. However, there was no obvious law existed in the effectS of Fc-LyS and
Fe-Gly on ferrous retention in 0d and 2ld-oki pislets. CotnPared with FeSO4,
Fe-Lys and Fe-Oly could increase haemogfobin, serum iron in pghtS of different
age. EsPechlly Fe-LyS wiificantly increased haemogfobin content in milk and
notably decreased serum total iron -binding capacity in 14d to35d-old pghtS, wune
had no effects on serum total iro n-binding caPacity in 0d to l4d-old pislets. Fe -Lys
and Fc-Gly were excellent ferrous additive and they can replace feniPorphyrin via
Intfamuscular injection. They would promote growth rate greatly if used together
with fetriPorphyrin via intramuscular injection. Taken the data supplcmented with
FcSO4 +Fe-R during the 0d to 21d Period, 0d tO 35d Period, and 21d to 35d PeriOd
l00%, daily wcisht gain of pinlets supplcmented with Fe-LyS + Fe-R wcrc
132.62%, 126.72% and 119.94% respectively and those supplemented wih
Fe-Gly+Fe-R were 113.62%, l16.69% and 1l9.94% resPedely The FAA and
ferriPorphyrin via intramuscular injection both promoted growth rate of pteletS
wificantly As far as ferrous additive was concerned, Fe-Lys group had the best
effeCt. Furthermorc, there existed posithe interaction betwOen FAA (Fc-LyS and
Fe-Oly and feniPorphyrin via intramuscular injection on cnhanccment of daily
body gain. As far as fermus supplement method was concemcd, Fe-Lys combin6d
wAn fenipOrphyrin via intramuscular injeCtion was thc. Deal method to provide
Pguts with iron.
引文
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Siegenberg D., Baynes R.D. 1991 Ascorbic acid prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols and phytate on nonheme iron absorption. Am. J. Cli. Nutr.53:537-541
Spears J. W., Schoenherr W.D. 1992 Efficacy of iron methionine as asource of iron for nursing pigs. J. Anim. Sci 70(suppl.1) :243(Abstr)
Suttle N.F., C.F. Mills 1996 Studies of the yoxicity of copper to pigs. Effect of protein source and other dietary component on the response to high and moderate intakes of copper. Brit. J. Nutr.20:149
Thannoun A.M., Arthur W.M. 1988 Heme and nonheme iron absorption form meat loaf by anemic and healthy rats. Nutrition reports international 37(3) :487-495
TurnbullA.,F. Cteton, And GA.Finch 1962 Iron absorption .IV The absorption of hemoglobin iron, J. Cli. Invest. 41:1897
Van Campen D., Gross E. 1969 Effect of histidine and certain other amino acids on the absorption of iron-59 by rats. J. Nutr. 99:68-74
Van Campen D. 1973 Enhancement of iron absorption from ligated segment of rat htesthe by histidine. Cysteine, and lysine: effectof removing ionizing groups and of stereoisomer-ism. J. Nutr.103:139-142
Weintraub L.R., Weinstein M.B. 1968 Absorption of hemoglobin iron:the role of a heine-splitting substance in the intestinal mucisa. J. Clin. Invest.
Welch R. M., D. R. Van Campen 1975 Iron avafiability to rats from soybeans. J. Nutr. 105:253-256
Wheby M.S., Jones L.G. 1964 Studies on iron absorption. Intestinal regulatory mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 43:1433-1442
Wheby M.S.,Crosby W.H. 1963 The gastrointestinal tract and iron absorption. Blood 22:416
Wheby M.S.,Grace M.D. 1970 Intestinal absorption of hemogiobin iron.Gastroenterology 58(5):647-654
Yu S.W., Reynen A. 1994 Increasing intske of iron in reduce status, nbsorption and bilinry excretion of copper in the rats. Br. J. Nutr, 71:887-895
蔡辉益译 1994 饲料工业中微量元素-氨基酸螯合盐的理论与实践。Vandergrift B．原著 国外畜牧学-饲料(6)：15-18
邓家栋主编 1985 临床血液学 上海科学技术出版社 上海
冯展翼 1992 蛋氨酸饲喂母猪及仔猪的试验 上海饲料(5)：25-27
顾奎琴 1996 现代营养知识全书 现代出版社 北京
顾华孝 1994 氨基酸螯合铁在母猪饲料中的应用功效．饲料工业(12)：29-31
韩友文主编 2000 中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会论文集(上册) pp282-294 黑龙江人民出版社
胡少旭译 1998 有机微量元素在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用 Terry L.W.原著 国外畜牧学-猪与禽(1)：8-12
李杰，关湛铭，徐孝义 1996 饲粮铁、铜水平对早期断奶仔猪生长发育及组织铁、铜含量的影响．动物营养学报8(1)：1-5
李丽立 1997 同位素示踪法在动物营养添加剂中的应用．中国饲料(20)：21-22
刘春海 1991 螯合物添加剂的研究进展．国外畜牧科技18(1)：33-36
罗兰，赵克斌 1991 金属螯合物在家畜营养中的作用．国外畜牧科技18(1)：18-20
李家铨 1994 氨基酸螯合铁在动物营养中的研究进展．上海农学院学报12(3)：218-224
李丽立，张彬，刑廷铣，任培桃 1995 复合氨基酸铁对哺乳仔猪生长发育及部分生理生化指标影响的研究 动物营养学报(3)：32-39
马康才等 1990 添加剂-蛋氨酸铁研究简报 上海畜牧兽医通讯(4)：16
欧阳培，何灌生 1989 细胞内的金属螯合物 陕西科学技术出版社 西安
时玉声，崔中林主编 1989 兽医临诊检验手册 上海科学技术出版社 pp2-4 上海
宋育主编 1992 猪的营养 中国农业出版社 pp39-69 北京
上海第一医学院主编 1979 医用生物化学 Pp3-205 人民卫生出版社 北京
伍成红，陈素琼 1997 微量元素。氨基酸螯合物及其在畜禽饲养中的应用 广西农业大学学报(4)：337-339
王纪亭，刘思当，李松健 2000 甘氨酸螯合铁对乳猪生产性能的影响．上海畜牧兽医通讯(5)：6-7
徐子伟译 1992 矿物质营养中的螯合物与配位体Thompson J.K原著．国外畜牧学-猪与禽(6)：17-18
许梓荣主编 1994 猪的现代营养学 浙江大学出版社
畜禽营养研究会编译 1983 人和动物营养中的微量元素Underwood E.J.原著，pp7-26 北京地区畜牧与饲料科技情报网 北京
徐建雄，李家铨 1993 蛋氨酸铁在猪营养中的应用研究．Ⅱ．对仔猪生长的影响．上海农学院学报10(3)：200-204
许丽等 1994 甘氨酸螯合铁预防仔猪贫血效果的研究 饲料博览(6)：3-5
杨文正主编 1993 动物矿物质营养．即1-27农业出版社 北京
袁森泉译 1999 有机微量矿物质添加剂应用的研究进展．国外畜牧学-猪与禽(5)：22-24
朱莲珍译 1994 人和动物的微量元素营养Morris E.R.,原著pp77-120 青岛出版社 青岛
周毓平译 1989 鸡的营养 Scott M.L.原著，pp336-341 北京农业大学出版社 北京
周桂莲 2000 氨基酸螯合铁的营养作用机理及其相对生物学效价 东北农业大学博士论文
周毓平译 1987 实验动物营养需要 北京农业大学出版社 北京
周毓平 1993 金属螯合物的生物利用率及其有关其应用问题．饲料营养研究进展与实践 150-159
曾雄飞，蔡建亚 1993 氨基酸螯合物的特性及其在畜禽业中的应用．辽宁畜牧兽医(3)：39-40
Anderson T.A., Filer L. J., Fomon S. J., 1974 Bioavailability of different source of dietary iron fed to pitman-mooer Miniature pigs. J. Nutr. 104:619-628
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Layrisse M., Martinez-Torres C. Roche M. 1968 Effect of interaction of various foods on iron absorption. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 21:1175-1183
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Sanberg A.S., L.R.Hulthen, M. Turk 1996 Dietary aspergillus niger phytase increase iron absorption in humans J. Nutr. 126:476-480
Siegenberg D., Baynes R.D. 1991 Ascorbic acid prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols and phytate on nonheme iron absorption. Am. J. Cli. Nutr.53:537-541
Spears J. W., Schoenherr W.D. 1992 Efficacy of iron methionine as asource of iron for nursing pigs. J. Anim. Sci 70(suppl.1) :243(Abstr)
Suttle N.F., C.F. Mills 1996 Studies of the yoxicity of copper to pigs. Effect of protein source and other dietary component on the response to high and moderate intakes of copper. Brit. J. Nutr.20:149
Thannoun A.M., Arthur W.M. 1988 Heme and nonheme iron absorption form meat loaf by anemic and healthy rats. Nutrition reports international 37(3) :487-495
TurnbullA.,F. Cteton, And GA.Finch 1962 Iron absorption .IV The absorption of hemoglobin iron, J. Cli. Invest. 41:1897
Van Campen D., Gross E. 1969 Effect of histidine and certain other amino acids on the absorption of iron-59 by rats. J. Nutr. 99:68-74
Van Campen D. 1973 Enhancement of iron absorption from ligated segment of rat htesthe by histidine. Cysteine, and lysine: effectof removing ionizing groups and of stereoisomer-ism. J. Nutr.103:139-142
Weintraub L.R., Weinstein M.B. 1968 Absorption of hemoglobin iron:the role of a heine-splitting substance in the intestinal mucisa. J. Clin. Invest.
Welch R. M., D. R. Van Campen 1975 Iron avafiability to rats from soybeans. J. Nutr. 105:253-256
Wheby M.S., Jones L.G. 1964 Studies on iron absorption. Intestinal regulatory mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 43:1433-1442
Wheby M.S.,Crosby W.H. 1963 The gastrointestinal tract and iron absorption. Blood 22:416
Wheby M.S.,Grace M.D. 1970 Intestinal absorption of hemogiobin iron.Gastroenterology 58(5):647-654
Yu S.W., Reynen A. 1994 Increasing intske of iron in reduce status, nbsorption and bilinry excretion of copper in the rats. Br. J. Nutr, 71:887-895
蔡辉益译 1994 饲料工业中微量元素-氨基酸螯合盐的理论与实践。Vandergrift B．原著 国外畜牧学-饲料(6)：15-18
邓家栋主编 1985 临床血液学 上海科学技术出版社 上海
冯展翼 1992 蛋氨酸饲喂母猪及仔猪的试验 上海饲料(5)：25-27
顾奎琴 1996 现代营养知识全书 现代出版社 北京
顾华孝 1994 氨基酸螯合铁在母猪饲料中的应用功效．饲料工业(12)：29-31
韩友文主编 2000 中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会论文集(上册) pp282-294 黑龙江人民出版社
胡少旭译 1998 有机微量元素在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用 Terry L.W.原著 国外畜牧学-猪与禽(1)：8-12
李杰，关湛铭，徐孝义 1996 饲粮铁、铜水平对早期断奶仔猪生长发育及组织铁、铜含量的影响．动物营养学报8(1)：1-5
李丽立 1997 同位素示踪法在动物营养添加剂中的应用．中国饲料(20)：21-22
刘春海 1991 螯合物添加剂的研究进展．国外畜牧科技18(1)：33-36
罗兰，赵克斌 1991 金属螯合物在家畜营养中的作用．国外畜牧科技18(1)：18-20
李家铨 1994 氨基酸螯合铁在动物营养中的研究进展．上海农学院学报12(3)：218-224
李丽立，张彬，刑廷铣，任培桃 1995 复合氨基酸铁对哺乳仔猪生长发育及部分生理生化指标影响的研究 动物营养学报(3)：32-39
马康才等 1990 添加剂-蛋氨酸铁研究简报 上海畜牧兽医通讯(4)：16
欧阳培，何灌生 1989 细胞内的金属螯合物 陕西科学技术出版社 西安
时玉声，崔中林主编 1989 兽医临诊检验手册 上海科学技术出版社 pp2-4 上海
宋育主编 1992 猪的营养 中国农业出版社 pp39-69 北京
上海第一医学院主编 1979 医用生物化学 Pp3-205 人民卫生出版社 北京
伍成红，陈素琼 1997 微量元素。氨基酸螯合物及其在畜禽饲养中的应用 广西农业大学学报(4)：337-339
王纪亭，刘思当，李松健 2000 甘氨酸螯合铁对乳猪生产性能的影响．上海畜牧兽医通讯(5)：6-7
徐子伟译 1992 矿物质营养中的螯合物与配位体Thompson J.K原著．国外畜牧学-猪与禽(6)：17-18
许梓荣主编 1994 猪的现代营养学 浙江大学出版社
畜禽营养研究会编译 1983 人和动物营养中的微量元素Underwood E.J.原著，pp7-26 北京地区畜牧与饲料科技情报网 北京
徐建雄，李家铨 1993 蛋氨酸铁在猪营养中的应用研究．Ⅱ．对仔猪生长的影响．上海农学院学报10(3)：200-204
许丽等 1994 甘氨酸螯合铁预防仔猪贫血效果的研究 饲料博览(6)：3-5
杨文正主编 1993 动物矿物质营养．即1-27农业出版社 北京
袁森泉译 1999 有机微量矿物质添加剂应用的研究进展．国外畜牧学-猪与禽(5)：22-24
朱莲珍译 1994 人和动物的微量元素营养Morris E.R.,原著pp77-120 青岛出版社 青岛
周毓平译 1989 鸡的营养 Scott M.L.原著，pp336-341 北京农业大学出版社 北京
周桂莲 2000 氨基酸螯合铁的营养作用机理及其相对生物学效价 东北农业大学博士论文
周毓平译 1987 实验动物营养需要 北京农业大学出版社 北京
周毓平 1993 金属螯合物的生物利用率及其有关其应用问题．饲料营养研究进展与实践 150-159
曾雄飞，蔡建亚 1993 氨基酸螯合物的特性及其在畜禽业中的应用．辽宁畜牧兽医(3)：39-40