磷来源和水平对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和骨骼质量的影响
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摘要
本试验采用2×7因子完全随机区组实验设计,旨在研究磷源(磷酸一二钙(MDCP)和磷酸氢钙(DCP))和非植酸磷(NPP)添加水平(0、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%和0.30%)对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳质量的影响,试验共13个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。选取1170只25周龄罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分配到各组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(NPP 0.12%),粉料,自由采食,试验期为24周。试验结果表明：
1.生产性能
磷源、磷源与磷水平的互作对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05);MDCP显著提高试验第21～24周蛋鸡平均日采食量(P<0.05)。基础饲粮蛋鸡平均日产蛋率、产蛋量、采食量和蛋重最低,死亡率和料蛋比最高(P<0.05)；添加0.05%-0.30%的NPP显著提高产蛋率(第5-8周以后及全期)、日产蛋量(第5-8周以后及全期)、采食量,料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)；但0.10%～0.30% NPP各水平对日产蛋率、产蛋量、采食量和料蛋比无显著影响(P>0.05)；平均蛋重随NPP的提高,呈先升高后降低的趋势；随着NPP水平的提高,蛋鸡死亡率下降,0.20%和0.25%组未出现死亡,但0.30%组又出现死亡。
2.蛋品质
磷源、磷源与磷水平的互作效应对蛋品质无显著影响(P>O.05);MDCP显著提高试验第9-12周脏蛋率(P<0.05)。磷水平对蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比例无显著影响(P>0.05)。基础饲粮显著提高脏蛋率、破壳蛋率、软壳蛋率和畸形蛋率,显著降低蛋壳强度(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加0.05～0.30%NPP,对蛋鸡破蛋率、软壳蛋率、畸形蛋率和蛋壳强度无显著影响(P>0.05),添加0.10%-0.30%的NPP,对脏蛋率无显著影响(P>0.05)。
3.骨骼矿化
磷源、磷源与磷水平的互作对蛋鸡胫骨强度、钙磷和灰分含量,血清中钙磷、碱性磷酸酶、PTH.CT和1,25-(OH)2D3,以及肠道和子宫中的CaBP-D28k无显著影响(P>0.05)。磷水平对血清中AKP活性无显著影响(P>0.05)；基础组饲粮显著降低蛋鸡胫骨强度、钙磷和灰分,以及血清中的钙磷含量,显著提高血清中CT.PTH和1,25-2(OH)D3浓度(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加0.05%～0.30%NPP,蛋鸡胫骨中钙、血清中钙磷以及CT、PTH和1,25-2(OH)D3含量无显著差异(除了0.05%磷水平血清中PTH和1,25-2(OH)D3含量与0.20%磷水平差异显著)(P>0.05)；饲粮中添加0.10%～0.30%NPP,蛋鸡胫骨强度和磷含量无显著差异(P>0.05)；随着磷水平的提高,蛋鸡胫骨灰分含量线性升高,y=10.986x+56.331(R2=0.9272)。
饲粮磷水平显著影响蛋鸡十二指肠中CaBP-28k mRNA表达量,但对空肠、回肠和子宫中的表达量无显著影响,0.30%磷水平蛋鸡十二指肠CaBP-28k mRNA表达量显著低于0.10%磷水平(P<0.05)；磷水平显著影响蛋鸡十二指肠和空肠中NaPiⅡb mRNA的表达量,而对回肠中的表达量无显著影响；基础组蛋鸡十二指肠和空肠中NaPiⅡb mRNA的表达量显著低于0.1%和0.2%磷水平(P<0.05),与0.3%无机磷添加组无显著差异(P>0.05)；磷源和磷水平的互作效应显著影响蛋鸡十二指肠中NaPiⅡb mRNA的表达量(P<0.05)。
结论,MDCP可以替代DCP作为蛋鸡饲粮中的磷源；基础饲粮的NPP为0.12%,不能满足25～49周龄蛋鸡对磷的需要；添加0.05%～0.3% NPP可显著改善蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和骨骼质量；综合各项指标,蛋鸡(25～49周龄)玉米-豆粕型饲粮NPP适宜添加水平为0.10%。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different phosphorus levels from mono-dicalcium phosphate (MDCP) or dicalcium phosphate (DCP) on the performance of laying-hens and the eggshell quality. A total of 1 170 commercial Lohmann pink-shell laying hens of 25-wk-old were randomly assigned to 1 of 13 diets involving 1 control plus 2×6 factorial completely randomized arrangement. The 2 phosphorus sources were MDCP and DCP; 6 phosphorus supplementation levels were 0.0.05%,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%,0.25%, and 0.30%. The corn-soybean meal basal diet contained 0.12% non-phytate phosphate (NPP) and all diets were powdery. Feed and water ad libitum.Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates of 15 hens each. The experiment lasted 24 wk. The result showed:
1. Performance
No significant difference was observed on performance by phosphorus source and source by level interaction (P>0.05). At the experiment 21-24 wks, MDCP can increase the ADFI significantly (P<0.05). Hens fed the basal diet had lowest egg production, egg mass, egg weight, ADFI, with the highest mortality and feed to egg ratio (P<0.05). Added 0.05%-0.30% NPP can significantly increase laying performance, egg mass, and ADFI, while feed to egg ratio was decreased significantly (P<0.05).
There was no significant difference in laying performance, egg mass, ADFI, and feed to egg ratio when fed the diets with NPP supplemented level from 0.10% to 0.30% (P>0.05). Egg weight and ADFI increased firstly then decreased when NPP increasing. Increasing NPP level decreased mortality, there was on death at 0.20% and 0.25%supplemented NPP level, but it turn up at 0.30% supplemented NPP level.
2. Egg quality
There was no significant difference on egg shell quality by phosphorus source and sources by levels interaction (P>0.05), MDCP increased dirty egg percentage at 9～12 wks (P<0.05). Dietary NPP level had no significant effect on eggshell thickness and eggshell to egg ratio (P>0.05). Hens fed the basal diet had the highest dirty, cracked and broken, soft, and malformation egg percentage, with the lowest eggshell strength (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on cracked and broken, soft, malformation egg percentage, and eggshell strength when hens fed the diets with NPP supplemented level from 0.05% to 0.30%, while no significant difference in dirty egg percentage when NPP supplemented level between 0.10% and 0.30% (P>0.05).
3. Bone quality
There was no significant effect on bone strength, content of calcium, phosphorus and ash of tibia, concentration of calcium, phosphorus, AKP, PTH, CT, and 1,25(OH)2D3 of serum, as well as expression level of CaBP-D28k and NaPi II b in the intestinal and uterus (P>0.05). Dietary NPP level had no significant effect on AKP activity (P>0.05). Hens fed the basal diet had the lowest BBS, calcium, phosphorus, and ash of tibia, calcium and phosphorus in serum, with the highest content of PTH, CT, and 1,25(OH)2D3 in serum (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on calcium content of tibia, calcium, phosphorus, PTH, CT, and 1,25(OH)2D3 content of serum when hens fed the diet with supplemented NPP level between 0.05% and 0.30% (P>0.05) (except hens fed the diet with 0.05% supplemented NPP level had higher PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 content of serum than 0.30%), while no significant difference in BBS and ash content of tibia when supplemented NPP level from 0.10% to 0.30% (P>0.05). Nonphytate P level had a linear effect on ash content of tibia, y= 10.986x+ 56.331 (R2=0.9272).
Dietary NPP level had significant effect on expression level of CaBP-D28k in duodenum, but not in jejunum, ileum, or uterus. Hens fed the diet with 0.30% supplemented NPP level had lower expression level of CaBP-D28k in duodenum than 0.10% (P<0.05). Dietary NPP level had different effect on expression level of NaPi II b in duodenum and jejunum, but not in ileum. Hens fed the basal diet had lower expression level of NaPiⅡb in duodenum and jejunum than 0.10% and 0.20% supplemented NPP level (P<0.05). The interaction of phosphorus source by level had significant effect on expression level of NaPi II b in duodenum (P<0.05).
In conclusion, MDCP can completely replace DCP in the diet of laying hens. The basal diet with 0.12% NPP could not meet the requirement of 25-to 49-wk-old laying hens. Performance, egg quality, and bone quality were improved when hens fed the diet with supplemented NPP level from 0.05% to 0.30%. The suitable supplemented NPP level in corn-soybean meal diet with NPP 0.12% for 25-49 wks hens was 0.10%.
1.生产性能
磷源、磷源与磷水平的互作对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05);MDCP显著提高试验第21～24周蛋鸡平均日采食量(P<0.05)。基础饲粮蛋鸡平均日产蛋率、产蛋量、采食量和蛋重最低,死亡率和料蛋比最高(P<0.05)；添加0.05%-0.30%的NPP显著提高产蛋率(第5-8周以后及全期)、日产蛋量(第5-8周以后及全期)、采食量,料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)；但0.10%～0.30% NPP各水平对日产蛋率、产蛋量、采食量和料蛋比无显著影响(P>0.05)；平均蛋重随NPP的提高,呈先升高后降低的趋势；随着NPP水平的提高,蛋鸡死亡率下降,0.20%和0.25%组未出现死亡,但0.30%组又出现死亡。
2.蛋品质
磷源、磷源与磷水平的互作效应对蛋品质无显著影响(P>O.05);MDCP显著提高试验第9-12周脏蛋率(P<0.05)。磷水平对蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比例无显著影响(P>0.05)。基础饲粮显著提高脏蛋率、破壳蛋率、软壳蛋率和畸形蛋率,显著降低蛋壳强度(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加0.05～0.30%NPP,对蛋鸡破蛋率、软壳蛋率、畸形蛋率和蛋壳强度无显著影响(P>0.05),添加0.10%-0.30%的NPP,对脏蛋率无显著影响(P>0.05)。
3.骨骼矿化
磷源、磷源与磷水平的互作对蛋鸡胫骨强度、钙磷和灰分含量,血清中钙磷、碱性磷酸酶、PTH.CT和1,25-(OH)2D3,以及肠道和子宫中的CaBP-D28k无显著影响(P>0.05)。磷水平对血清中AKP活性无显著影响(P>0.05)；基础组饲粮显著降低蛋鸡胫骨强度、钙磷和灰分,以及血清中的钙磷含量,显著提高血清中CT.PTH和1,25-2(OH)D3浓度(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加0.05%～0.30%NPP,蛋鸡胫骨中钙、血清中钙磷以及CT、PTH和1,25-2(OH)D3含量无显著差异(除了0.05%磷水平血清中PTH和1,25-2(OH)D3含量与0.20%磷水平差异显著)(P>0.05)；饲粮中添加0.10%～0.30%NPP,蛋鸡胫骨强度和磷含量无显著差异(P>0.05)；随着磷水平的提高,蛋鸡胫骨灰分含量线性升高,y=10.986x+56.331(R2=0.9272)。
饲粮磷水平显著影响蛋鸡十二指肠中CaBP-28k mRNA表达量,但对空肠、回肠和子宫中的表达量无显著影响,0.30%磷水平蛋鸡十二指肠CaBP-28k mRNA表达量显著低于0.10%磷水平(P<0.05)；磷水平显著影响蛋鸡十二指肠和空肠中NaPiⅡb mRNA的表达量,而对回肠中的表达量无显著影响；基础组蛋鸡十二指肠和空肠中NaPiⅡb mRNA的表达量显著低于0.1%和0.2%磷水平(P<0.05),与0.3%无机磷添加组无显著差异(P>0.05)；磷源和磷水平的互作效应显著影响蛋鸡十二指肠中NaPiⅡb mRNA的表达量(P<0.05)。
结论,MDCP可以替代DCP作为蛋鸡饲粮中的磷源；基础饲粮的NPP为0.12%,不能满足25～49周龄蛋鸡对磷的需要；添加0.05%～0.3% NPP可显著改善蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和骨骼质量；综合各项指标,蛋鸡(25～49周龄)玉米-豆粕型饲粮NPP适宜添加水平为0.10%。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different phosphorus levels from mono-dicalcium phosphate (MDCP) or dicalcium phosphate (DCP) on the performance of laying-hens and the eggshell quality. A total of 1 170 commercial Lohmann pink-shell laying hens of 25-wk-old were randomly assigned to 1 of 13 diets involving 1 control plus 2×6 factorial completely randomized arrangement. The 2 phosphorus sources were MDCP and DCP; 6 phosphorus supplementation levels were 0.0.05%,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%,0.25%, and 0.30%. The corn-soybean meal basal diet contained 0.12% non-phytate phosphate (NPP) and all diets were powdery. Feed and water ad libitum.Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates of 15 hens each. The experiment lasted 24 wk. The result showed:
1. Performance
No significant difference was observed on performance by phosphorus source and source by level interaction (P>0.05). At the experiment 21-24 wks, MDCP can increase the ADFI significantly (P<0.05). Hens fed the basal diet had lowest egg production, egg mass, egg weight, ADFI, with the highest mortality and feed to egg ratio (P<0.05). Added 0.05%-0.30% NPP can significantly increase laying performance, egg mass, and ADFI, while feed to egg ratio was decreased significantly (P<0.05).
There was no significant difference in laying performance, egg mass, ADFI, and feed to egg ratio when fed the diets with NPP supplemented level from 0.10% to 0.30% (P>0.05). Egg weight and ADFI increased firstly then decreased when NPP increasing. Increasing NPP level decreased mortality, there was on death at 0.20% and 0.25%supplemented NPP level, but it turn up at 0.30% supplemented NPP level.
2. Egg quality
There was no significant difference on egg shell quality by phosphorus source and sources by levels interaction (P>0.05), MDCP increased dirty egg percentage at 9～12 wks (P<0.05). Dietary NPP level had no significant effect on eggshell thickness and eggshell to egg ratio (P>0.05). Hens fed the basal diet had the highest dirty, cracked and broken, soft, and malformation egg percentage, with the lowest eggshell strength (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on cracked and broken, soft, malformation egg percentage, and eggshell strength when hens fed the diets with NPP supplemented level from 0.05% to 0.30%, while no significant difference in dirty egg percentage when NPP supplemented level between 0.10% and 0.30% (P>0.05).
3. Bone quality
There was no significant effect on bone strength, content of calcium, phosphorus and ash of tibia, concentration of calcium, phosphorus, AKP, PTH, CT, and 1,25(OH)2D3 of serum, as well as expression level of CaBP-D28k and NaPi II b in the intestinal and uterus (P>0.05). Dietary NPP level had no significant effect on AKP activity (P>0.05). Hens fed the basal diet had the lowest BBS, calcium, phosphorus, and ash of tibia, calcium and phosphorus in serum, with the highest content of PTH, CT, and 1,25(OH)2D3 in serum (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on calcium content of tibia, calcium, phosphorus, PTH, CT, and 1,25(OH)2D3 content of serum when hens fed the diet with supplemented NPP level between 0.05% and 0.30% (P>0.05) (except hens fed the diet with 0.05% supplemented NPP level had higher PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 content of serum than 0.30%), while no significant difference in BBS and ash content of tibia when supplemented NPP level from 0.10% to 0.30% (P>0.05). Nonphytate P level had a linear effect on ash content of tibia, y= 10.986x+ 56.331 (R2=0.9272).
Dietary NPP level had significant effect on expression level of CaBP-D28k in duodenum, but not in jejunum, ileum, or uterus. Hens fed the diet with 0.30% supplemented NPP level had lower expression level of CaBP-D28k in duodenum than 0.10% (P<0.05). Dietary NPP level had different effect on expression level of NaPi II b in duodenum and jejunum, but not in ileum. Hens fed the basal diet had lower expression level of NaPiⅡb in duodenum and jejunum than 0.10% and 0.20% supplemented NPP level (P<0.05). The interaction of phosphorus source by level had significant effect on expression level of NaPi II b in duodenum (P<0.05).
In conclusion, MDCP can completely replace DCP in the diet of laying hens. The basal diet with 0.12% NPP could not meet the requirement of 25-to 49-wk-old laying hens. Performance, egg quality, and bone quality were improved when hens fed the diet with supplemented NPP level from 0.05% to 0.30%. The suitable supplemented NPP level in corn-soybean meal diet with NPP 0.12% for 25-49 wks hens was 0.10%.
引文
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