成像光谱仪光谱辐射定标新方法研究
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摘要
成像光谱仪是谱像合一的新型光学遥感仪器。成像光谱仪的定标包括光谱定标和辐射定标,是成像光谱仪应用的重要前提。光谱定标就是确定成像光谱仪各通道的中心波长、光谱带宽,辐射定标就是确定各通道的辐亮度响应度、响应线性和稳定性等。本文针对宽视场成像光谱仪的特点和工程定标的应用需求,开展了成像光谱仪定标新方法新技术的研究工作,主要工作如下:
1开展了漫反射板法定标成像光谱仪新方法的研究。建立了漫反射板法定标成像光谱仪的模型,对定标几何参数和仪器本身参数的影响进行了计算分析。结果表明:狭缝方向垂直纸面、辐照度标准灯照射距离越长、辐照度标准灯照射角越大、成像光谱仪观察角越小,成像光谱仪探测器同一光谱通道不同景物像元采集到的信号电子数越均匀,但信号电子数就会相对较少。照射距离取在0.5m~1.25m之间,只要照射角度小于12?就可以使距离变化1mm,角度变化0.5?引起的信号电子数相对变化小于1%。
2开展了成像光谱仪光谱辐射定标新方法的研究。光谱定标采用复合棱镜的色散特性和大气吸收线相结合的方法,结果表明光谱定标精度可以达到1nm。辐射定标分别利用辐照度标准灯和大气传输软件模拟的太阳直接辐照度作为标准定标。结果表明,两种方法得到的定标系数在可见光波段匹配的很好,并分析了定标系数失配的原因。
3开展了成像光谱仪辐射非均匀性校正方法的研究。利用转台模拟成像光谱仪对地推帚实验,并对得到的图像进行的非均匀性校正,结果表明,成像光谱仪探测器帧频与转台转速相匹配,均匀性校正后图像达到预计成像效果,利用不同通道图像合成的彩色图像差异很好地体现了成像光谱仪采集景物光谱信息的能力。
Imaging spectrometer is a new type remote sensor which can collect both the image and the spectral information of the scene. The calibration of the imaging spectrometer includes the spectral calibration and the radiometric calibration. he spectral calibration is used to determine the central wavelength, spectral width, and the radiometric calibration is used to determine the radiance response of each channel, linearity of the response and the stability of the response. According to the characteristic of and the application of the imaging spectrometer, the new method and technique of the spectral calibration and the radiometric calibration are studied. The primary work in this paper is as followed:
1 The new method by using the diffuser to calibrate the imaging spectrometer is studied. The method of using the standard detector as the radiometric standard and using the white diffuser as the extent source is modeled, and the effect of the geometry parameters of the calibration and the parameters of the imaging spectrometer on the relative electron number is computed and analyzed. The results indicate: when the slit is perpendicular to the meridional plane, the illuminating distance is longer, the illuminating angle is larger, the observation of the imaging spectrometer is smaller, the electron number collected by the different pixels of the same spectral channel is more uniform, but the electron number is relative less. When the illuminating distance ranges 0.5m~1.25m, the illuminating angle is less than 12?, the relative electron number changed caused by the distance changed 1mm and angle changed 0.5? is less than 1%.
2 The new method to calibrate the imaging spectrometer is studied. The spectral sample interval of the imaging spectrometer calculated and the atmosphere absorption of the atmosphere are used to calibrate the central wavelength and spectral width of the channels of the imaging spectrometer. Comparison was made between the spectral calibration result and a spectrometer which has high spectral resolution and the results are improved. The results indicate that the spectral calibration of this method can achieve precision of 1nm.The standard lamp and the simulated radiance by the software are used to calibrate the fiber spectrometer, then the imaging spectrometer is calibrated by the fiber spectrometer and the white diffuser respectively. The calibration coefficients using two methods are obtained, and the results are analyzed.
3 The correction of the uniformity of the radiometric characteristic of the imaging spectrometer is studied. The pushbroom of the imaging spectrometer is simulated by the rotating stage, and the image obtained is processed. The results indicate: the frame frequency of the CCD of the imaging spectrometer matches the rotating speed of the rotating stage. The images achieve the planned quality after the correction of the uniformity. The spectral information collecting capability of the imaging spectrometer is validated by getting the color fused image.
1开展了漫反射板法定标成像光谱仪新方法的研究。建立了漫反射板法定标成像光谱仪的模型,对定标几何参数和仪器本身参数的影响进行了计算分析。结果表明:狭缝方向垂直纸面、辐照度标准灯照射距离越长、辐照度标准灯照射角越大、成像光谱仪观察角越小,成像光谱仪探测器同一光谱通道不同景物像元采集到的信号电子数越均匀,但信号电子数就会相对较少。照射距离取在0.5m~1.25m之间,只要照射角度小于12?就可以使距离变化1mm,角度变化0.5?引起的信号电子数相对变化小于1%。
2开展了成像光谱仪光谱辐射定标新方法的研究。光谱定标采用复合棱镜的色散特性和大气吸收线相结合的方法,结果表明光谱定标精度可以达到1nm。辐射定标分别利用辐照度标准灯和大气传输软件模拟的太阳直接辐照度作为标准定标。结果表明,两种方法得到的定标系数在可见光波段匹配的很好,并分析了定标系数失配的原因。
3开展了成像光谱仪辐射非均匀性校正方法的研究。利用转台模拟成像光谱仪对地推帚实验,并对得到的图像进行的非均匀性校正,结果表明,成像光谱仪探测器帧频与转台转速相匹配,均匀性校正后图像达到预计成像效果,利用不同通道图像合成的彩色图像差异很好地体现了成像光谱仪采集景物光谱信息的能力。
Imaging spectrometer is a new type remote sensor which can collect both the image and the spectral information of the scene. The calibration of the imaging spectrometer includes the spectral calibration and the radiometric calibration. he spectral calibration is used to determine the central wavelength, spectral width, and the radiometric calibration is used to determine the radiance response of each channel, linearity of the response and the stability of the response. According to the characteristic of and the application of the imaging spectrometer, the new method and technique of the spectral calibration and the radiometric calibration are studied. The primary work in this paper is as followed:
1 The new method by using the diffuser to calibrate the imaging spectrometer is studied. The method of using the standard detector as the radiometric standard and using the white diffuser as the extent source is modeled, and the effect of the geometry parameters of the calibration and the parameters of the imaging spectrometer on the relative electron number is computed and analyzed. The results indicate: when the slit is perpendicular to the meridional plane, the illuminating distance is longer, the illuminating angle is larger, the observation of the imaging spectrometer is smaller, the electron number collected by the different pixels of the same spectral channel is more uniform, but the electron number is relative less. When the illuminating distance ranges 0.5m~1.25m, the illuminating angle is less than 12?, the relative electron number changed caused by the distance changed 1mm and angle changed 0.5? is less than 1%.
2 The new method to calibrate the imaging spectrometer is studied. The spectral sample interval of the imaging spectrometer calculated and the atmosphere absorption of the atmosphere are used to calibrate the central wavelength and spectral width of the channels of the imaging spectrometer. Comparison was made between the spectral calibration result and a spectrometer which has high spectral resolution and the results are improved. The results indicate that the spectral calibration of this method can achieve precision of 1nm.The standard lamp and the simulated radiance by the software are used to calibrate the fiber spectrometer, then the imaging spectrometer is calibrated by the fiber spectrometer and the white diffuser respectively. The calibration coefficients using two methods are obtained, and the results are analyzed.
3 The correction of the uniformity of the radiometric characteristic of the imaging spectrometer is studied. The pushbroom of the imaging spectrometer is simulated by the rotating stage, and the image obtained is processed. The results indicate: the frame frequency of the CCD of the imaging spectrometer matches the rotating speed of the rotating stage. The images achieve the planned quality after the correction of the uniformity. The spectral information collecting capability of the imaging spectrometer is validated by getting the color fused image.
引文
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[7] Liao lushalan, Jarecke Peter, Gleichauf Darrel. Performance Characterization of the Hyperion Imaging Spectrometer Instrument[J].SPIE,2004,Vol.4135:264-275.
[8] Pearman Jay, Segal Carol, Liao Lushalan, et al.. Development and Operations of the OE-1Hyperon Imaging Spectrometer[J].SPIE,2004,Vol.4135:243-253.
[9] Cutter A Mike, Hill South. Compact high-resolution imaging spectrometer (CHRIS) design and performance. SPIE,2004,Vol.5546: 126-131.
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[11]张霞,张兵,胡方超等.航天成像光谱仪CHRIS辐射与光谱性能评价.中国科学E辑,2006, 36:85-93.
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