中国DMC小卫星在轨测试技术研究
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摘要
卫星在轨测试是监测卫星平台及其遥感器在轨运行情况及性能衰减程度的有效手段,也是卫星数据处理和应用的前提与基础。本文将从系统工程的角度研究我国DMC(Disaster Monitoring Constellation,灾难监测星座)小卫星在轨测试内容和方法,用来指导对我国DMC小卫星在轨测试,同时也为国内外其他类似卫星提供参考。
本文研究的我国DMC小卫星是参与国际卫星星座组网的微小型卫星,无论是卫星自身特点上还是其操作运行方式,都区别于我国已经发射的卫星。该卫星的研制和发射都由英国萨瑞大学负责,卫星在发射成功并入轨调整后再交付给我国有关方面,所以对该小卫星进行在轨测试,不仅是评价卫星在轨性能和卫星数据处理和应用的基础,而且是我方验收小卫星的技术依据和基础,这就要求对我国DMC小卫星的在轨测试必须系统化、标准化、国际化。同时,对我国DMC小卫星在轨测试是国家航天局航天遥感论证中心工作的一部分,对我国DMC小卫星的在轨测试研究有助于建立我国完善的航天遥感论证体系。
本文正是基于以上出发点,研究建立我国DMC小卫星在轨测试的内容和方法体系,同时为我国其他类似卫星的在轨测试提供参考。围绕这个目的,本文将我国DMC小卫星的在轨测试总结为四个方面,即对遥感器及其图像的几何特性、辐射特性、光谱特性、图像的综合质量及其应用潜力分析。
对遥感器及其图像的几何性能的评价内容包括:卫星姿态和轨道参数的评价、相机指向精度和侧摆能力、图像的外部和内部几何精度、波段配准和图像分辨率等。对卫星遥感器及其图像的辐射性能的评价内容包括:调制传递函数、信噪比、相对辐射定标、绝对辐射定标、辐射稳定性、动态范围和响应线性度、CCD阵列的均匀性等。由于我国DMC小卫星的波段数少,光谱分辨率低,对其遥感器及图像的光谱性能的评价,只能定性的分析遥感器的波段设置情况和光谱响应函数的变化情况。除了对遥感器及其图像的上述工程参数的评价,本文还从数据应用的角度来提出评价图像综合质量的技术指标,并分析我国DMC小卫星图像数据的应用潜力。
Satellite on-orbit test is a useful way to monitor satellite platform, on-orbit status and attenuation degree of sensors, and is the premise and base for satellite data's processing and application. The article studies the contents and methods of small satellite on-orbit test from systems engineering in our country, which is used to direct our DMC(Disaster Monitoring Constellation) small satellite on-orbit test, and also as a reference for other similar satellite in our country.The satellite studied in the article participates in international satellite constellation network. Compared with other satellites of our country, this satellite has its own characteristics and operation manner. The satellite is developed and launched by SSTL (Surrey Satellite Technology Limited, Surrey Space Centre University), which is handed over to China when on-orbit test period. The on-orbit test not only evaluates satellite platform, on-orbit status and attenuation degree of sensors, which provides the necessary parameters for satellite data's processing and applications, but also the technical base for our checking and accepting the small satellite. So this requires the systematization, standardization, and internationalization of the DMC small satellite on-orbit test in our country. At same time, this job is also a part of Demonstration Center for Spaceborne Remote Sensing, CNSA, which is helpful to establish the system of our spaceborne remote sensing demonstration.Based on above points, the article aims to establish the system of the contents and methods of our DMC small satellite on-orbit test, and also as a reference for other similar satellite in our country. We think that the DMC small satellite on-orbit test includes four aspects: geometic characteristics of sensor's image, radiomatic characteristics of image, spectral characteristics of image, image general quality and its application potential.The evaluation of s geometric characteristics of its image includes: satellite pose, evaluation and adjustment of orbit parameters, directing precision of camera and its wavering performance, interior and exterior geometry precision of image, band
本文研究的我国DMC小卫星是参与国际卫星星座组网的微小型卫星,无论是卫星自身特点上还是其操作运行方式,都区别于我国已经发射的卫星。该卫星的研制和发射都由英国萨瑞大学负责,卫星在发射成功并入轨调整后再交付给我国有关方面,所以对该小卫星进行在轨测试,不仅是评价卫星在轨性能和卫星数据处理和应用的基础,而且是我方验收小卫星的技术依据和基础,这就要求对我国DMC小卫星的在轨测试必须系统化、标准化、国际化。同时,对我国DMC小卫星在轨测试是国家航天局航天遥感论证中心工作的一部分,对我国DMC小卫星的在轨测试研究有助于建立我国完善的航天遥感论证体系。
本文正是基于以上出发点,研究建立我国DMC小卫星在轨测试的内容和方法体系,同时为我国其他类似卫星的在轨测试提供参考。围绕这个目的,本文将我国DMC小卫星的在轨测试总结为四个方面,即对遥感器及其图像的几何特性、辐射特性、光谱特性、图像的综合质量及其应用潜力分析。
对遥感器及其图像的几何性能的评价内容包括:卫星姿态和轨道参数的评价、相机指向精度和侧摆能力、图像的外部和内部几何精度、波段配准和图像分辨率等。对卫星遥感器及其图像的辐射性能的评价内容包括:调制传递函数、信噪比、相对辐射定标、绝对辐射定标、辐射稳定性、动态范围和响应线性度、CCD阵列的均匀性等。由于我国DMC小卫星的波段数少,光谱分辨率低,对其遥感器及图像的光谱性能的评价,只能定性的分析遥感器的波段设置情况和光谱响应函数的变化情况。除了对遥感器及其图像的上述工程参数的评价,本文还从数据应用的角度来提出评价图像综合质量的技术指标,并分析我国DMC小卫星图像数据的应用潜力。
Satellite on-orbit test is a useful way to monitor satellite platform, on-orbit status and attenuation degree of sensors, and is the premise and base for satellite data's processing and application. The article studies the contents and methods of small satellite on-orbit test from systems engineering in our country, which is used to direct our DMC(Disaster Monitoring Constellation) small satellite on-orbit test, and also as a reference for other similar satellite in our country.The satellite studied in the article participates in international satellite constellation network. Compared with other satellites of our country, this satellite has its own characteristics and operation manner. The satellite is developed and launched by SSTL (Surrey Satellite Technology Limited, Surrey Space Centre University), which is handed over to China when on-orbit test period. The on-orbit test not only evaluates satellite platform, on-orbit status and attenuation degree of sensors, which provides the necessary parameters for satellite data's processing and applications, but also the technical base for our checking and accepting the small satellite. So this requires the systematization, standardization, and internationalization of the DMC small satellite on-orbit test in our country. At same time, this job is also a part of Demonstration Center for Spaceborne Remote Sensing, CNSA, which is helpful to establish the system of our spaceborne remote sensing demonstration.Based on above points, the article aims to establish the system of the contents and methods of our DMC small satellite on-orbit test, and also as a reference for other similar satellite in our country. We think that the DMC small satellite on-orbit test includes four aspects: geometic characteristics of sensor's image, radiomatic characteristics of image, spectral characteristics of image, image general quality and its application potential.The evaluation of s geometric characteristics of its image includes: satellite pose, evaluation and adjustment of orbit parameters, directing precision of camera and its wavering performance, interior and exterior geometry precision of image, band
引文
1. B. Guenther, X. Xiong, V.V. Salomonson,et al. 2002, On-orbit performance of the Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer: first year of data, Remote Sensing of Environment 83 (2002) 16-30
2. Dennis Heldera,, Michael Coanb, Kevin Patrick, Peter Gaska,2003, IKONOS geometric characterization, Remote Sensing of Environment 88 (2003) 69-79.
3. Gene Dial, Howard Bowen, et al, 2003, IKONOS satellite, imagery, and products, Remote Sensing of Environment 88 (2003) 23-36.
4. Kaufman, Y. J., and Holben, B. N., 1993, Calibration of the AVHRR visible and near infrared bands by atmospheric scattering, ocean glint, and desert reflection. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, 21-52.
5. L. Liao, P. Jarecke, D. Gleichauf and T.Hedman, 2000,Performance Characterization of the Hyperion Imaging Spectrometer Instrument", Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 4135, pp. 254-263, August 2000.
6. Mark K. Cook, Bradley A., IKONOS Technical Performance Assessment, 2001,SPIE
7. Markham, Brian L., Jennifer Seiferth, Jon Smid, and John L. Barker, 1997, Lifetime Responsivity of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper, Canadian J. of Remote Sensing, 23 (4): 318-332.
8. Michael D. King, W. Paul Menzel, et al, 1996, Airborne scanning spectrometer for remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, water vapor, and surface properties, Journal of Atmospheric and Ocean Technology, August 1996,13(4):777-794.
9. Michael D. King, W. Paul Menzel, et al, 1996, Airborne scanning spectrometer for remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, water vapor, and surface properties, Journal of Atmospheric and Ocean Technology, August 1996,13(4):777-794.
10. SPOT user's handbook, vol 1: reference manual, cnes, 1988
11. SPOT user's handbook, vol 2: SPOT handbook, cnes, 1988
12.郭兆曾,1994,资源卫星CCD多光谱扫描仪系统的质量评价,中国空间科学技术,1994年8月第四期:33-40。
13.国家卫星气象中心,1999,风云一号C星在轨测试报告,国家气象局内部资料。
14.王新民等译,1987,陆地卫星4/5数据用户手册,科学出版社
15.中国资源卫星应用中心,2004,中巴地球资源卫星应用研究文集,内部资料。
16.中国资源卫星应用中心,2004,资源一号卫星02星(CBERS-2)在轨测试报告,内部资料。
17.2002年中国海洋卫星应用报告,http://www.coi.gov.cn/hygb/hywx/2002/2.htm
2. Dennis Heldera,, Michael Coanb, Kevin Patrick, Peter Gaska,2003, IKONOS geometric characterization, Remote Sensing of Environment 88 (2003) 69-79.
3. Gene Dial, Howard Bowen, et al, 2003, IKONOS satellite, imagery, and products, Remote Sensing of Environment 88 (2003) 23-36.
4. Kaufman, Y. J., and Holben, B. N., 1993, Calibration of the AVHRR visible and near infrared bands by atmospheric scattering, ocean glint, and desert reflection. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, 21-52.
5. L. Liao, P. Jarecke, D. Gleichauf and T.Hedman, 2000,Performance Characterization of the Hyperion Imaging Spectrometer Instrument", Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 4135, pp. 254-263, August 2000.
6. Mark K. Cook, Bradley A., IKONOS Technical Performance Assessment, 2001,SPIE
7. Markham, Brian L., Jennifer Seiferth, Jon Smid, and John L. Barker, 1997, Lifetime Responsivity of the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper, Canadian J. of Remote Sensing, 23 (4): 318-332.
8. Michael D. King, W. Paul Menzel, et al, 1996, Airborne scanning spectrometer for remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, water vapor, and surface properties, Journal of Atmospheric and Ocean Technology, August 1996,13(4):777-794.
9. Michael D. King, W. Paul Menzel, et al, 1996, Airborne scanning spectrometer for remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, water vapor, and surface properties, Journal of Atmospheric and Ocean Technology, August 1996,13(4):777-794.
10. SPOT user's handbook, vol 1: reference manual, cnes, 1988
11. SPOT user's handbook, vol 2: SPOT handbook, cnes, 1988
12.郭兆曾,1994,资源卫星CCD多光谱扫描仪系统的质量评价,中国空间科学技术,1994年8月第四期:33-40。
13.国家卫星气象中心,1999,风云一号C星在轨测试报告,国家气象局内部资料。
14.王新民等译,1987,陆地卫星4/5数据用户手册,科学出版社
15.中国资源卫星应用中心,2004,中巴地球资源卫星应用研究文集,内部资料。
16.中国资源卫星应用中心,2004,资源一号卫星02星(CBERS-2)在轨测试报告,内部资料。
17.2002年中国海洋卫星应用报告,http://www.coi.gov.cn/hygb/hywx/2002/2.htm