低截获概率信号测向技术
|
摘要
低截获概率信号的出现对于电子对抗提出了新的挑战。对低截获概率信号辐射源的准确侦察定位对在电子对抗有中重要的意义,该课题已经成为雷达通信领域研究的热点问题之一。
本文首先分析了常用的低截获概率信号的特点。经过分析,低截获概率信号大都具有低峰值功率和宽频带的特点。因此,完成对低截获概率信号的测向定位方案必须能够处理低信噪比信号和宽带信号。本文正是从这点入手,通过相关处理增大信号信噪比,并且保留信号的相位信息。随后详细讨论了传统空间谱估计方法。由于传统空间谱估计算法是基于窄带信号的,而且此类算法不能处理相干信号,因此为了进行有效估计,必须研究基于相干宽带信号的处理方法。最后本文讨论了多种宽带相干信号的DOA测向定位方案(CSM)。此方案建立在阵列信号处理的基础上,不仅可以较为精确的估计低信噪比和宽带信号,而且可以有效的处理相干信号。
本文所提出的算法均通过计算机仿真进行验证和比较,并由此讨论了影响定位精度的因素。
The present of LPI signals brings a new challenge to electronic warfare. The accurate location of source of LPI signals has significant meaning for it. This subject has become one of the hottest issues in radar and communication field.
In this paper, the characteristics of common LPI signals are firstly discussed. Most of the LPI signals are low-powered and widebanded. Therefore, the scheme of location should be able to deal with signals with low SNR and wideband, the research starts with enhancing the SNR by using the correlation, and reserving the phase information. Then, several ways of traditional DOA estimation are discussed in detail. Because traditional DOA estimation can only deal with narrowbanded signals and these ways can not deal with coherent signals, so the sheme should be able to deal with coherent signals and widebanded signals in order to estimate accurately. At last, several ways of widebanded DOA estimation are discussed. Not only the low SNR and wideband signals can be estimated accurately, but the coherent signals can also be processed by this sheme.
The algorithms in this paper are all simulated and compared. The factors that have impact on accuracy of DOA are also discussed.
本文首先分析了常用的低截获概率信号的特点。经过分析,低截获概率信号大都具有低峰值功率和宽频带的特点。因此,完成对低截获概率信号的测向定位方案必须能够处理低信噪比信号和宽带信号。本文正是从这点入手,通过相关处理增大信号信噪比,并且保留信号的相位信息。随后详细讨论了传统空间谱估计方法。由于传统空间谱估计算法是基于窄带信号的,而且此类算法不能处理相干信号,因此为了进行有效估计,必须研究基于相干宽带信号的处理方法。最后本文讨论了多种宽带相干信号的DOA测向定位方案(CSM)。此方案建立在阵列信号处理的基础上,不仅可以较为精确的估计低信噪比和宽带信号,而且可以有效的处理相干信号。
本文所提出的算法均通过计算机仿真进行验证和比较,并由此讨论了影响定位精度的因素。
The present of LPI signals brings a new challenge to electronic warfare. The accurate location of source of LPI signals has significant meaning for it. This subject has become one of the hottest issues in radar and communication field.
In this paper, the characteristics of common LPI signals are firstly discussed. Most of the LPI signals are low-powered and widebanded. Therefore, the scheme of location should be able to deal with signals with low SNR and wideband, the research starts with enhancing the SNR by using the correlation, and reserving the phase information. Then, several ways of traditional DOA estimation are discussed in detail. Because traditional DOA estimation can only deal with narrowbanded signals and these ways can not deal with coherent signals, so the sheme should be able to deal with coherent signals and widebanded signals in order to estimate accurately. At last, several ways of widebanded DOA estimation are discussed. Not only the low SNR and wideband signals can be estimated accurately, but the coherent signals can also be processed by this sheme.
The algorithms in this paper are all simulated and compared. The factors that have impact on accuracy of DOA are also discussed.
引文
[1]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.第三版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[2]戈稳.雷达接收机技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[3]张旭东,陆明泉.离散随机信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[4]王启才.信号检测与估计.南京:华东工学院,1988
[5]张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[6]刘俊,张斌珍.微弱信号检测技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[7]王永良,陈辉,彭应宁,万群.空间谱估计理论与算法.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[8]刘德树,罗景青,张剑云.空间谱估计及其应用.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1997
[9]胡来招.无源定位.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[10]林象平.电子对抗原理.北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[11]陈辉,王永良.空间谱估计算法结构及方针分析.系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(8):77-79
[12]肖先赐.空间谱估计测向技术.航天电子对抗,1995,4(1):46-50
[13]王布宏,王永良,陈辉.一种新的相干信源DOA估计算法.电子学报,2003,31(9):1394-1402
[14]张贤达,保铮.非平稳信号分析与处理.北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[15]李家庆.空间谱估计应用于测向的研究.电信技术研究,1996,3(2):1-10
[16]张贤达.信号处理中的线性代数.北京:北京科学出版社,1997
[17]张雅婷.低截获概率雷达概述.火控雷达技术,1998,7(27):1-5
[18]张锡熊.低截获概率(LPI)雷达的发展.现代雷达,2003,10(12):1-5
[19]柯宏发,杨保平,王建军,王四红.低信噪比信号检测识别技术.电光与控制,2002,9(4):45-49
[20]刘亚.一种新的LPI信号的测向方法.电子信息对抗技术,2001,6(21):7-11
[21]杨莘元,谷学涛.影响DOA精度因素的研究.应用科技,2003,30(9):11-14
[22]郭跃,王宏远,周陬.阵元间距对MUSIC算法的影响.电子学报,2007,9(9):1675-1678
[23]郑继刚,王飞,安涛.低截获概率雷达信号检测技术.舰船电子对抗,2005,28(3):44-47
[24]雷中定.相干及宽带源波达方向估计方法的研究.北京:北方交通大学,1997
[25]雷中定,黄绣坤,张树京.宽带相干源波达方向估计的新方法.通信学报,1998,19(2):14-19
[26]刘波,文忠,曾涯.MATLAB信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[27]张志涌.精通MATLAB 6.5版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[28]罗军辉,罗勇江,白义臣,庞娜.MATLAB7.0在数字信号处理中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[29]陈亚勇.MATLAB信号处理详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[30]Schmidt R O.Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation.IEEE Trans,1986,34(3):276-280
[31]Stoica P,Nehorai A.MUSIC,maximum likehood,and Cramer-Rao bound.IEEE Trans,On ASSP,37(5):720-741
[32]Shan T J,Wax M,Kailath T.On spatial smoothing for coherent signals.IEEE Trans.on ASSP,1985,33(4):806-841
[33]Shan T J,Kailath T.Adaptive beamforming for coherent signals.IEEE Trans.On ASSP,1985,33(3):525-531
[34]Rao B D,Hari K V S.On spatial smoothing and weighted subspace methods.In Proc.24th Asilomar Conf.Signals,Syst.Comput,1990,11:936-940
[35]Stoica P,Nehorai A.Performance comparition of subspace rotation and MUSIC methods for direction estimation.IEEE Trans.On SP,1991,39(2):446-453
[36]Stoica P,Sodestrom T.Statistical analysis of MUSIC and rotation estimates of sinusoidal frequencies.IEEE Trans.On SP,1991,39(8):1836-1848
[37]贾鸿志.雷达信号分析.南京:南京理工大学,1995
[38]Viberg M,Ottersten B.Sensor array processing based on subspace fitting.IEEE Trans.On SP,1991,39(5):1110-1121
[39]Valaee S,Kalbal P.Wideband array processing using a two-sided correlation transformation.IEEE Trans.On SP,1995,43(1):160-172
[40]Yang J F,Kaveh M.Wide-band adaptive arrays based on the coherent signal-subspace transformation.ICASSP,1987,2011-2021
[41]Wang H,kaveh M.Estimation of angles-of-arrival for wideband sources.ICASSP,1984,75-84
[42]Haykin S.Array Signal Processing.Prentice Hall,1985,76:80-85
[43]S Unnikersnna Pillai.Array Signal Processing.Springer verlag,1989,56:195-205
[44]Ronald D.Degrot.The Constrained MUSIC Problem.IEEE Trans.On SP,1993,41(3):1445-1449
[45]刘青光.信号特征向量分解与到达方向估计.电子学报,1993,19(1):1-11
[46]Su G,Morf M.Signal subspace approach for multiple wideband emitter location.IEEE Trans.On ASSP,1983,31(12):1502-1522
[47]Pillai S U,Kwon B H.Forward/backward spatial coherent signal identification.IEEE Trans.On smoothing techniques for ASSP,1989,3(1):8-15
[48]Liu T H,Mendel J M.Azimuth and elevation direction finding using arbitrary array geometries.IEEE Trans.On SP,1998,46(7):2061-2065
[49]Lita J,Titus K Y L.Digatal Beamforming in Wireless Communications.Artech House,1996,25(3):1123-1145
[50]Benjamin Friedlander,Anthony J Weiss.Direction Finding using spatial smoothing with interpolated arrays.IEEE Trans.On aerospace and electronic systems,1992,28(2):575-587
[2]戈稳.雷达接收机技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[3]张旭东,陆明泉.离散随机信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[4]王启才.信号检测与估计.南京:华东工学院,1988
[5]张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[6]刘俊,张斌珍.微弱信号检测技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[7]王永良,陈辉,彭应宁,万群.空间谱估计理论与算法.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[8]刘德树,罗景青,张剑云.空间谱估计及其应用.合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1997
[9]胡来招.无源定位.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[10]林象平.电子对抗原理.北京:国防工业出版社,1981
[11]陈辉,王永良.空间谱估计算法结构及方针分析.系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(8):77-79
[12]肖先赐.空间谱估计测向技术.航天电子对抗,1995,4(1):46-50
[13]王布宏,王永良,陈辉.一种新的相干信源DOA估计算法.电子学报,2003,31(9):1394-1402
[14]张贤达,保铮.非平稳信号分析与处理.北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[15]李家庆.空间谱估计应用于测向的研究.电信技术研究,1996,3(2):1-10
[16]张贤达.信号处理中的线性代数.北京:北京科学出版社,1997
[17]张雅婷.低截获概率雷达概述.火控雷达技术,1998,7(27):1-5
[18]张锡熊.低截获概率(LPI)雷达的发展.现代雷达,2003,10(12):1-5
[19]柯宏发,杨保平,王建军,王四红.低信噪比信号检测识别技术.电光与控制,2002,9(4):45-49
[20]刘亚.一种新的LPI信号的测向方法.电子信息对抗技术,2001,6(21):7-11
[21]杨莘元,谷学涛.影响DOA精度因素的研究.应用科技,2003,30(9):11-14
[22]郭跃,王宏远,周陬.阵元间距对MUSIC算法的影响.电子学报,2007,9(9):1675-1678
[23]郑继刚,王飞,安涛.低截获概率雷达信号检测技术.舰船电子对抗,2005,28(3):44-47
[24]雷中定.相干及宽带源波达方向估计方法的研究.北京:北方交通大学,1997
[25]雷中定,黄绣坤,张树京.宽带相干源波达方向估计的新方法.通信学报,1998,19(2):14-19
[26]刘波,文忠,曾涯.MATLAB信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[27]张志涌.精通MATLAB 6.5版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[28]罗军辉,罗勇江,白义臣,庞娜.MATLAB7.0在数字信号处理中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[29]陈亚勇.MATLAB信号处理详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[30]Schmidt R O.Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation.IEEE Trans,1986,34(3):276-280
[31]Stoica P,Nehorai A.MUSIC,maximum likehood,and Cramer-Rao bound.IEEE Trans,On ASSP,37(5):720-741
[32]Shan T J,Wax M,Kailath T.On spatial smoothing for coherent signals.IEEE Trans.on ASSP,1985,33(4):806-841
[33]Shan T J,Kailath T.Adaptive beamforming for coherent signals.IEEE Trans.On ASSP,1985,33(3):525-531
[34]Rao B D,Hari K V S.On spatial smoothing and weighted subspace methods.In Proc.24th Asilomar Conf.Signals,Syst.Comput,1990,11:936-940
[35]Stoica P,Nehorai A.Performance comparition of subspace rotation and MUSIC methods for direction estimation.IEEE Trans.On SP,1991,39(2):446-453
[36]Stoica P,Sodestrom T.Statistical analysis of MUSIC and rotation estimates of sinusoidal frequencies.IEEE Trans.On SP,1991,39(8):1836-1848
[37]贾鸿志.雷达信号分析.南京:南京理工大学,1995
[38]Viberg M,Ottersten B.Sensor array processing based on subspace fitting.IEEE Trans.On SP,1991,39(5):1110-1121
[39]Valaee S,Kalbal P.Wideband array processing using a two-sided correlation transformation.IEEE Trans.On SP,1995,43(1):160-172
[40]Yang J F,Kaveh M.Wide-band adaptive arrays based on the coherent signal-subspace transformation.ICASSP,1987,2011-2021
[41]Wang H,kaveh M.Estimation of angles-of-arrival for wideband sources.ICASSP,1984,75-84
[42]Haykin S.Array Signal Processing.Prentice Hall,1985,76:80-85
[43]S Unnikersnna Pillai.Array Signal Processing.Springer verlag,1989,56:195-205
[44]Ronald D.Degrot.The Constrained MUSIC Problem.IEEE Trans.On SP,1993,41(3):1445-1449
[45]刘青光.信号特征向量分解与到达方向估计.电子学报,1993,19(1):1-11
[46]Su G,Morf M.Signal subspace approach for multiple wideband emitter location.IEEE Trans.On ASSP,1983,31(12):1502-1522
[47]Pillai S U,Kwon B H.Forward/backward spatial coherent signal identification.IEEE Trans.On smoothing techniques for ASSP,1989,3(1):8-15
[48]Liu T H,Mendel J M.Azimuth and elevation direction finding using arbitrary array geometries.IEEE Trans.On SP,1998,46(7):2061-2065
[49]Lita J,Titus K Y L.Digatal Beamforming in Wireless Communications.Artech House,1996,25(3):1123-1145
[50]Benjamin Friedlander,Anthony J Weiss.Direction Finding using spatial smoothing with interpolated arrays.IEEE Trans.On aerospace and electronic systems,1992,28(2):575-587