基于原子相干性的拉曼散射实验研究
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摘要
在原子系综中,如果处于基态和激发态的原子具有某种相位相关性,那么这个系综具有原子相干性,有些文献也把这种相干性叫做原子自旋波,它是原子系综集体自旋激发的结果之一,自旋波这一概念是由物理学家布洛赫在对固体晶体研究时提出的,原子系综中的自旋波据此重新定义,从而将光与原子系综相互作用的物理内涵推向一个新的更高的层次。原子自旋波可以极大的提高光与原子相互作用的几率,从而增强一些非线性效应。近些年来在量子信息通讯与量子存储等领域有广泛的研究。本论文从实验上利用拉曼散射过程制备了原子系综中的自旋波,然后基于此初始制备的自旋波展开了如下几项研究工作：
1.通过拉曼散射过程,在铷原子池中相干地制备了具有空间分布特性的原子自旋波。在此基础上,实验上得到了增强拉曼散射,并且研究了原子自旋波的空间分布以及强度对增强拉曼散射的影响。
2.在原子系综中,通过拉曼散射过程制备了最大强度的自旋波,在此原子自旋波的驱动下,实验中观察到另一个拉曼过程中的泵浦光与斯托克斯光场之间的拉比振荡现象,从而进一步研究了自旋波强度对振荡频率的影响以及振荡过程中的频率相干转换。
3.利用原子系综的单自旋激发,理论上提出了一种简单高效地制备原子系综纠缠的方案,并且在实验上对此方案进行了初步的探索。在非单光子情况下,验证了此方案中两个独立原子自旋波的时间相干特性,研究了光场损失对干涉条纹对比度的影响,以及干涉图样与自旋波相位的关系。
此外,基于相干性本论文还研究了相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射在金属金粒子胶体聚合物表面的增强效应。论文中,我们得到Pyridine分子的时间分辨CARS信号,发现时间分辨的CARS有效的提高成像的信噪比。同时我们讨论了探测光频谱宽度对实验的影响,分子两个不同振动模式相干性的衰减,以及金属表面对相干性衰减的影响。
In atomic ensemble, if the atoms in ground state have some phase correlation with the atoms in exited state, then the ensemble have atomic coherence which also called atomic spin wave in some literatures. Atomic spin wave is just one result of the atomic collective excitation. The concept atomic spin wave-is redefined based on spin wave which was first proposed by Bloch when he was studying at the crystals, atomic spin wave also push the theory of the interaction between atom and light to a high level. The coupling strength between atom and light can be greatly enhanced by atomic spin wave in atomic ensemble, thus enhances the nonlinearity. In recent years, it was widely studied in the field of quantum communication, quantum memory and other fields. In this thesis, we created atomic spin wave by Raman scattering in hot atomic ensemble, based on which we did some researches as follows.
1. A spatial distributed atomic spin wave was created by Raman scattering in a87Rb cell, then we got an enhancement in Raman scattering due to this spin wave, and experimentally studied how the spatial distribution and strength of the spin wave affect the enhancement.
2. We created maximal atomic spin wave in Rb atomic ensemble, and observed Rabi-like oscillation between the pump laser and the corresponding Stokes filed, and discussed the effect of spin wave's intensity to the oscillation frequency. At last, we demonstrated high conversion efficiency from the pump light to the Stokes filed.
3. we theoretically proposed a effective scheme to entangle two atomic ensembles based on single atomic spin ecitation. Furthermore, we experimentally took some preliminary exploration in this scheme. In the regime of lower-energy level, we proved the time correlation between the two atomic spin waves, studied loss of the light's influence on the visibility of the interference and also the relation between interference visibility and the phase of atomic spin wave.
In addition, we also studied the enhancement of Pyridine CARS signal on the surface of random aggregates of gold nanoparticles based on coherence, we observed the enhanced CARS signals. And we also investigated the influence of the bandwidth of probe pulse on the CARS signal, decay of vibrational coherence and the impact of metal surface on decoherence process.
1.通过拉曼散射过程,在铷原子池中相干地制备了具有空间分布特性的原子自旋波。在此基础上,实验上得到了增强拉曼散射,并且研究了原子自旋波的空间分布以及强度对增强拉曼散射的影响。
2.在原子系综中,通过拉曼散射过程制备了最大强度的自旋波,在此原子自旋波的驱动下,实验中观察到另一个拉曼过程中的泵浦光与斯托克斯光场之间的拉比振荡现象,从而进一步研究了自旋波强度对振荡频率的影响以及振荡过程中的频率相干转换。
3.利用原子系综的单自旋激发,理论上提出了一种简单高效地制备原子系综纠缠的方案,并且在实验上对此方案进行了初步的探索。在非单光子情况下,验证了此方案中两个独立原子自旋波的时间相干特性,研究了光场损失对干涉条纹对比度的影响,以及干涉图样与自旋波相位的关系。
此外,基于相干性本论文还研究了相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射在金属金粒子胶体聚合物表面的增强效应。论文中,我们得到Pyridine分子的时间分辨CARS信号,发现时间分辨的CARS有效的提高成像的信噪比。同时我们讨论了探测光频谱宽度对实验的影响,分子两个不同振动模式相干性的衰减,以及金属表面对相干性衰减的影响。
In atomic ensemble, if the atoms in ground state have some phase correlation with the atoms in exited state, then the ensemble have atomic coherence which also called atomic spin wave in some literatures. Atomic spin wave is just one result of the atomic collective excitation. The concept atomic spin wave-is redefined based on spin wave which was first proposed by Bloch when he was studying at the crystals, atomic spin wave also push the theory of the interaction between atom and light to a high level. The coupling strength between atom and light can be greatly enhanced by atomic spin wave in atomic ensemble, thus enhances the nonlinearity. In recent years, it was widely studied in the field of quantum communication, quantum memory and other fields. In this thesis, we created atomic spin wave by Raman scattering in hot atomic ensemble, based on which we did some researches as follows.
1. A spatial distributed atomic spin wave was created by Raman scattering in a87Rb cell, then we got an enhancement in Raman scattering due to this spin wave, and experimentally studied how the spatial distribution and strength of the spin wave affect the enhancement.
2. We created maximal atomic spin wave in Rb atomic ensemble, and observed Rabi-like oscillation between the pump laser and the corresponding Stokes filed, and discussed the effect of spin wave's intensity to the oscillation frequency. At last, we demonstrated high conversion efficiency from the pump light to the Stokes filed.
3. we theoretically proposed a effective scheme to entangle two atomic ensembles based on single atomic spin ecitation. Furthermore, we experimentally took some preliminary exploration in this scheme. In the regime of lower-energy level, we proved the time correlation between the two atomic spin waves, studied loss of the light's influence on the visibility of the interference and also the relation between interference visibility and the phase of atomic spin wave.
In addition, we also studied the enhancement of Pyridine CARS signal on the surface of random aggregates of gold nanoparticles based on coherence, we observed the enhanced CARS signals. And we also investigated the influence of the bandwidth of probe pulse on the CARS signal, decay of vibrational coherence and the impact of metal surface on decoherence process.
引文
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