基于数字相干接收的射频光前端关键技术研究
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摘要
从距离数十米或数千米远的远端天线单元将宽带、大动态的射频信号高性能传输到中心站,在商业和国防军事上均有很大的应用价值。射频光前端技术将射频信号调制成光信号并利用光纤传输到接收处理单元,并在接收端利用光电探测器还原射频信号。此外,射频光前端系统还可以利用光的方法实现射频信号从接近直流到毫米波段的超宽带频率下变换,以便后续的数字信号处理。与传统同轴电缆的射频链路相比,模拟的射频光前端系统具有宽带、低传输损耗和抗电磁干扰等技术优势,可广泛应用在民用通信、国防军事和航空航天等领域。高性能射频光前端系统研究的挑战在于如何高稳定性地抑制系统产生的噪声和非线性失真,实现大的系统动态范围。论文对基于数字相干接收的射频前端关键技术进行了研究,论文主要的创新工作如下：
一、提出了基于单一相位调制器的高线性数字相干射频光前端改进型方案,以改善原有双平行调制器方案的技术缺陷。该方案利用铌酸锂相位调制器电光系数各向异性的特点,使用单一相位调制器完成原有双平行调制器结构的功能,并利用单一相位调制器TE和TM模两个正交的传输主轴实现零差拍链路,从而避免双平行调制器结构的延迟匹配问题。实验结果表明,辅助以线性化数字信号处理技术,该射频光前端系统的无杂散动态范围从112dB·Hz2/3提高到了123.8dB·Hz2/3,并且系统结构简单,性能稳定。
二、尽管上述方案利用单一相位调制器大大减小了双平行调制器结构的延迟匹配问题,然而该方案仍需利用后续数字锁相环技术消除残留激光相位噪声,没有根本解决问题。由此,论文进一步提出了基于“偏振调制器—双平行偏振分束器”结构的数字相干射频光前端方案。该方案利用偏振调制器和偏振控制器的串联结构实现从偏振调制到差模强度解调的转化,并且通过两平行光路偏振态的调节来等效实现调制器偏振点的调节以得到正交的I/Q两路信号。由于该方案实现了从偏振调制到强度解调的转变,激光器相位噪声不再对解调信号产生扰动。实验结果表明,辅助以线性化数字处理技术,系统三阶交调失真功率得到了40dB的抑制,系统的无杂散动态范围达到了124dB·Hz2/3,并且性能稳定,无需外围辅助设备来消除激光相位噪声的影响。
三、基于上述偏振调制器的射频光前端技术,进一步提出了具有全光超宽带下变换处理能力的射频光前端系统。该系统包含两串联的偏振调制器,分别用于远端射频信号的接收和中心站高功率本振信号的加载。接收信号和本振信号在光电探测过程中实现差频,从而得到所需下变频信号。连接级联调制器后的是双平行偏振控制器和偏振分束器组成的正交信号解调模块。实验结果表明,辅助以线性化数字信号处理技术,该下变频链路在Ku频段的无杂散动态范围从102.7dB·Hz2/3提高到了112dB·Hz2/3,并且在宽频带范围内系统工作性能稳定。
Transport of high dynamic range, broadband RF signals from a remotely located antenna over several tens of meters or several thousands of meters is required for a variety of commercial and military applications. In this so-called RF photonic front-end an RF signal is converted into an optical signal, distributed via an optical fiber and subsequently restored to the electrical format at the recipient's end using a photodetector. On the other hand, in RF photonic front-end systems, RF signals cab be down-convert to lower intermediate frequency (IF) in optical manner where it can be more easily digitized and processed using a signal processor. The major advantage of all optical frequency down-conversion is that the electrooptic modulator response bandwidth can extend from near dc to millimeter-wave frequencies in a single device. Compared to conventional electronic links operating over coaxial cable, RF photonic front-end can provide significant advantages in the areas of bandwidth, propagation loss, and immunity against electromagnetic interference. These unique advantages of RF photonic front-end have resulted in diverse applications, such as telecommunications, military or defense systems, and aeronautics&astronautics. The major challenge of high performance RF photonic front-end is find ways to relizing high stability noise reduction and nonlinear distortion suppression. In this dissertation, several techniques to optimize the performance of DSP based RF photonics coherent receiver are intensively investigated. The main works of this dissertation are summarized as follows:
Firstly, we proposed an improved DSP based linear RF photonic front-end based on a single phase modulator (PM). The fundamental principle of our approach lies in a single device that can simultaneously play the role of two phase modulators connected in parallel, which is realized using the anisotropic electrooptic coefficient of lithium niobate. The use of both orthogonal TE and TM modes of PM allows the homodyne interferometer link to be implemented with a single modulator, which reducing the matching requirements of dual modulator scheme. Experimental results show that the DSP-based linearized system increases the output third-order intermodulation intercept point (OIP3) from7.75dBm to25.25dBm and improves the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) from112dB·Hz2/3to123.8dB·Hz2/3. Moreover, a simple and stable system can be achieved.
Secondly, Although The above scheme uses a single PM to minimize the matching requirements of dual modulator scheme, it requires digital phase-locked loop to remove the remains optical phase noise. we proposed a high linear DSP-based RF photonic link based on polarization modulator (PolM) and dual-parallel polarization beam splitter (PBS). The fundamental principle of our approach is that when a PBS is placed at the output of the PolM, the polarization modulation is converted to differential mode intensity demodulation. By choosing via tuning the polarization controller (PC) in each channel, each is optically biased to produce the desired in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) demodulated signal. Thanks to the polarization-modulation to intensity-modulation conversion, the fluctuations of optical phase noise have no impact on the coherent I/Q demodulated signals. Experimental results show that the DSP-based linearization leads to suppression of the third-order intermodulation (IMD3) by more than40dB, and improves the third-order limited spurious free dynamic range of the link to124dB in a1Hz bandwidth. Moreover, there is no need peripheral equipment to minimize laser phase noise effects.
Thirdly, we progress the proposed architecture to demonstrate a linear down-conversion from microwave frequency to intermediate frequency. Here we show that by using two cascaded polarization modulators, one driven by a microwave input signal and the other by a strong microwave local oscillator tone, a down-converted signal can be produced at the difference frequency. Two parallel PC and PBS is connected to the output of receiver PolM to realize I/Q intensity demodulation. We further show that by simply merging the coherent demodulation with DSP, the dynamic range of the system is significantly improved from102.7dB·Hz2/3to112dB·Hz2/3within Ku band. Most importantly, the performance of linear demodulation is flat across the entire test operational bandwidth.
一、提出了基于单一相位调制器的高线性数字相干射频光前端改进型方案,以改善原有双平行调制器方案的技术缺陷。该方案利用铌酸锂相位调制器电光系数各向异性的特点,使用单一相位调制器完成原有双平行调制器结构的功能,并利用单一相位调制器TE和TM模两个正交的传输主轴实现零差拍链路,从而避免双平行调制器结构的延迟匹配问题。实验结果表明,辅助以线性化数字信号处理技术,该射频光前端系统的无杂散动态范围从112dB·Hz2/3提高到了123.8dB·Hz2/3,并且系统结构简单,性能稳定。
二、尽管上述方案利用单一相位调制器大大减小了双平行调制器结构的延迟匹配问题,然而该方案仍需利用后续数字锁相环技术消除残留激光相位噪声,没有根本解决问题。由此,论文进一步提出了基于“偏振调制器—双平行偏振分束器”结构的数字相干射频光前端方案。该方案利用偏振调制器和偏振控制器的串联结构实现从偏振调制到差模强度解调的转化,并且通过两平行光路偏振态的调节来等效实现调制器偏振点的调节以得到正交的I/Q两路信号。由于该方案实现了从偏振调制到强度解调的转变,激光器相位噪声不再对解调信号产生扰动。实验结果表明,辅助以线性化数字处理技术,系统三阶交调失真功率得到了40dB的抑制,系统的无杂散动态范围达到了124dB·Hz2/3,并且性能稳定,无需外围辅助设备来消除激光相位噪声的影响。
三、基于上述偏振调制器的射频光前端技术,进一步提出了具有全光超宽带下变换处理能力的射频光前端系统。该系统包含两串联的偏振调制器,分别用于远端射频信号的接收和中心站高功率本振信号的加载。接收信号和本振信号在光电探测过程中实现差频,从而得到所需下变频信号。连接级联调制器后的是双平行偏振控制器和偏振分束器组成的正交信号解调模块。实验结果表明,辅助以线性化数字信号处理技术,该下变频链路在Ku频段的无杂散动态范围从102.7dB·Hz2/3提高到了112dB·Hz2/3,并且在宽频带范围内系统工作性能稳定。
Transport of high dynamic range, broadband RF signals from a remotely located antenna over several tens of meters or several thousands of meters is required for a variety of commercial and military applications. In this so-called RF photonic front-end an RF signal is converted into an optical signal, distributed via an optical fiber and subsequently restored to the electrical format at the recipient's end using a photodetector. On the other hand, in RF photonic front-end systems, RF signals cab be down-convert to lower intermediate frequency (IF) in optical manner where it can be more easily digitized and processed using a signal processor. The major advantage of all optical frequency down-conversion is that the electrooptic modulator response bandwidth can extend from near dc to millimeter-wave frequencies in a single device. Compared to conventional electronic links operating over coaxial cable, RF photonic front-end can provide significant advantages in the areas of bandwidth, propagation loss, and immunity against electromagnetic interference. These unique advantages of RF photonic front-end have resulted in diverse applications, such as telecommunications, military or defense systems, and aeronautics&astronautics. The major challenge of high performance RF photonic front-end is find ways to relizing high stability noise reduction and nonlinear distortion suppression. In this dissertation, several techniques to optimize the performance of DSP based RF photonics coherent receiver are intensively investigated. The main works of this dissertation are summarized as follows:
Firstly, we proposed an improved DSP based linear RF photonic front-end based on a single phase modulator (PM). The fundamental principle of our approach lies in a single device that can simultaneously play the role of two phase modulators connected in parallel, which is realized using the anisotropic electrooptic coefficient of lithium niobate. The use of both orthogonal TE and TM modes of PM allows the homodyne interferometer link to be implemented with a single modulator, which reducing the matching requirements of dual modulator scheme. Experimental results show that the DSP-based linearized system increases the output third-order intermodulation intercept point (OIP3) from7.75dBm to25.25dBm and improves the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) from112dB·Hz2/3to123.8dB·Hz2/3. Moreover, a simple and stable system can be achieved.
Secondly, Although The above scheme uses a single PM to minimize the matching requirements of dual modulator scheme, it requires digital phase-locked loop to remove the remains optical phase noise. we proposed a high linear DSP-based RF photonic link based on polarization modulator (PolM) and dual-parallel polarization beam splitter (PBS). The fundamental principle of our approach is that when a PBS is placed at the output of the PolM, the polarization modulation is converted to differential mode intensity demodulation. By choosing via tuning the polarization controller (PC) in each channel, each is optically biased to produce the desired in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) demodulated signal. Thanks to the polarization-modulation to intensity-modulation conversion, the fluctuations of optical phase noise have no impact on the coherent I/Q demodulated signals. Experimental results show that the DSP-based linearization leads to suppression of the third-order intermodulation (IMD3) by more than40dB, and improves the third-order limited spurious free dynamic range of the link to124dB in a1Hz bandwidth. Moreover, there is no need peripheral equipment to minimize laser phase noise effects.
Thirdly, we progress the proposed architecture to demonstrate a linear down-conversion from microwave frequency to intermediate frequency. Here we show that by using two cascaded polarization modulators, one driven by a microwave input signal and the other by a strong microwave local oscillator tone, a down-converted signal can be produced at the difference frequency. Two parallel PC and PBS is connected to the output of receiver PolM to realize I/Q intensity demodulation. We further show that by simply merging the coherent demodulation with DSP, the dynamic range of the system is significantly improved from102.7dB·Hz2/3to112dB·Hz2/3within Ku band. Most importantly, the performance of linear demodulation is flat across the entire test operational bandwidth.
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