郑州市夏季中长波紫外线强度及防紫外线伞对紫外线的遮蔽作用
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摘要
背景和目的
日光中辐射到地球表面的紫外线约95～98%为长波紫外线(ultraviolet A,UVA),2～5%为中波紫外线(ultraviolet B,UVB);而短波紫外线(ultraviolet C,UVC)几乎完全被大气中的臭氧层吸收。紫外线照射可以促进维生素D的合成,抑制甚至杀死皮肤表面的细菌,以及治疗某些皮肤病；但过多的紫外线辐射也可以导致各种光敏性皮肤病的产生。UVB生物活性约是UVA的1000倍,但是其穿透能力远低于UVA。UVB主要损伤皮肤的表皮层和真皮浅层,其引起的急性反应主要是皮肤出现红斑和水肿,慢性损伤主要包括光老化、免疫抑制和致癌作用等；UVA不仅影响表皮层黑素细胞合成黑素的量导致皮肤黑化,还可以影响皮肤真皮中的胶原、弹力纤维及血管等组织,引起皮肤光老化；除此之外,UVA还与UVB共同作用诱发皮肤癌和免疫抑制。本研究的主要目的是测量分析郑州市夏天后半季日光下和防紫外线伞下UVA和UVB强度的变化规律,评估防紫外线伞对紫外线的遮蔽作用,为郑州市居民夏季合理利用日光及避免皮肤日光损伤提供科学依据。
方法
从2011年7月16日至8月31日白天每隔两小时的7个时间点分别从正上方、东、西、南、北五个方向测量防紫外线伞下和直接日光下的长波紫外线(UVA)和中波紫外线(UVB)强度,并使用重复测量数据的方差分析对比伞下和日光下紫外线强度的统计学差别。
结果
1.郑州市从2011年7月16日至8月31日每日6：00、8：00、10：00、12：00、14：00、16：00和18：00点日光下正上方的UVA平均强度分别为51.09±39.24μw/cm2、669.72±253.69μw/cm2、1553.06±669.31μw/cm2、2116.20±1007.23μw/cm2、1883.79±904.29μw/cm2、1000.69±480.39μw/cm2、276.22±124.89μw/cm2,UVB平均强度分别为1.03±1.47μw/cm2,47.31±17.46μw/cm2、128.51±49.87μw/cm2、180.74±75.55μw/cm2、154.85±67.73μw/cm2、77.83±34.32μw/cm2、14.59±7.34μw/cm2。
2.郑州市从2011年7月16日至8月31日每日6：00、8：00、10：00、12：00、14：00、16：00和18：00点阳伞下正上方的UVA平均强度分别为0.06±0.35μw/cm2、2.44±1.22μw/cm2、5.83±2.57μw/cm2、7.94±3.31μw/cm2、7.24±3.35μw/cm2、4.26±2.27μw/cm2、0.88±0.66μw/cm2, UVB平均强度分别为0μw/cm2、0μw/cm2、0μw/cm20.03±0.17μw/cm2、0.09±0.29μw/cm2、0μw/cm2、0μw/cm2。
3.防紫外线伞下的紫外线强度明显低于日光下,所有Ps<0.05；在同一时间(18：00点除外),防紫外线伞下或日光下正上方的紫外线强度与东、西、南、北方向紫外线强度之间的差别均有统计学意义,所有Ps<0.005。
结论
1.郑州市2011年7月16日至8月31日UVA和UVB强度均从早晨至中午逐渐增强,然后减弱；早晨和傍晚UVA和UVB强度变化较小,中午前后波动较大。
2.防紫外线伞可以有效阻挡紫外线辐射。
Background and objectives
The ultraviolet ray in sunlight radiating to the Earth surface includes ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB), accounting for the95～98%and the rest2～5%of the total ultraviolet intensity, respectively; While ultraviolet C (UVC) in sunlight is almost filtered out by the ozone layer. Ultraviolet ray may promote the synthesis of cutaneous vitamin D, and inhibit or kill bacteria living on the skin surface. In addition, the ultraviolet ray may also cure some skin diseases. However, too much ultraviolet radiation has the potential increasing the incidence of photosensitivity diseases. Although the biological effect of UVB is about1000times of that of UVA, its ability to penetrate into skin is weaker. UVB mainly injures the epidermis and the superficial dermis, leading to an acute reaction manifested as erythema and edema, or a chronic reaction including photo aging, immunosuppression and skin cancer. UVA may affect melanin synthesis in the epidermis, resulting in skin tanning; And it also has an impact on collagen and elastic fibers, and vessels in the dermis, which is associated with photo aging. Moreover, UVA and UVB may have a synergistic action in reducing cutaneous immune response and in increasing the incidence of skin cancer. Therefore, the aims of this study are to observe and analyze the changing pattern of ultraviolet intensities in the second half of summer in Zhengzhou, and to evaluate the role of an ultraviolet-proof umbrella in shielding against ultraviolet ray, in order to provide the scientific basis for residents in Zhengzhou to utilize sunlight rationally and to avoid sunlight damage in summer.
Methods
Ultraviolet A (UVA) and Ultraviolet B (UVB) intensities were measured seven times a day at two hours'interval in daytime from July16to August31,2011in Zhengzhou, both under sunlight and under an ultraviolet-proof umbrella. The data obtained in the two conditions were compared statistically with repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results
1. From July16to August31,2011, under sunlight, the mean intensities of UVA right over the ground at6:00,8:00,10:00,12:00,14:00,16:00and18:00were51.09±39.24μw/cm2,669.72±253.69μw/cm2,1553.06±669.31μw/cm2,2116.20±1007.22,1883.79±904.29μw/cm2,1000.69±480.39μw/cm2and276.22±124.89μw/cm2, respectively; and the intensities of UVB at the same time points were1.03±1.47μw/cm2,47.31±17.46μw/cm2,128.51±49.87μw/cm2,180.74±75.55μw/cm2,154.85±67.73μw/cm2,77.83±34.32μw/cm2and14.59±7.34μw/cm2, respectively.
2. From July16to August31,2011, under an ultraviolet-proof umbrella the mean intensities of UVA right over the ground at6:00,8:00,10:00,12:00,14:00,16:00and18:00were0.06±0.35μw/cm2,2.44±1.22μw/cm2,5.83±2.57μw/cm2,7.94±3.31μw/cm2,7.24±3.35μw/cm2,4.26±2.27μw/cm2,0.88±0.66μw/cm2, respectively; and the intensities of UVB at the same time points were0μw/cm2,0μw/cm2,0μw/cm2,0.03±0.17μw/cm2,0.09±0.29μw/cm2,0μw/cm2,0μw/cm2, respectively.
3. Both UVA and UVB intensities under the ultraviolet-proof umbrella were statistically significantly weaker than those under sunlight, all Ps<0.05. At the same time points except18:00, both under sunlight and under the ultraviolet-proof umbrella, the intensities of ultraviolet ray right above is different statistically significantly from the intensities in the east, west, south, north, all Ps<0.05.
Conclusions
1. From July16to August31,2011, both of the intensities of UVA and UVB elevate gradually from morning and reach their peaks at noon before going down; and they only change mildly in the morning and evening, while they fluctuate greatly around noon.
2. UV-proof umbrella may shield against ultraviolet radiation effectively.
日光中辐射到地球表面的紫外线约95～98%为长波紫外线(ultraviolet A,UVA),2～5%为中波紫外线(ultraviolet B,UVB);而短波紫外线(ultraviolet C,UVC)几乎完全被大气中的臭氧层吸收。紫外线照射可以促进维生素D的合成,抑制甚至杀死皮肤表面的细菌,以及治疗某些皮肤病；但过多的紫外线辐射也可以导致各种光敏性皮肤病的产生。UVB生物活性约是UVA的1000倍,但是其穿透能力远低于UVA。UVB主要损伤皮肤的表皮层和真皮浅层,其引起的急性反应主要是皮肤出现红斑和水肿,慢性损伤主要包括光老化、免疫抑制和致癌作用等；UVA不仅影响表皮层黑素细胞合成黑素的量导致皮肤黑化,还可以影响皮肤真皮中的胶原、弹力纤维及血管等组织,引起皮肤光老化；除此之外,UVA还与UVB共同作用诱发皮肤癌和免疫抑制。本研究的主要目的是测量分析郑州市夏天后半季日光下和防紫外线伞下UVA和UVB强度的变化规律,评估防紫外线伞对紫外线的遮蔽作用,为郑州市居民夏季合理利用日光及避免皮肤日光损伤提供科学依据。
方法
从2011年7月16日至8月31日白天每隔两小时的7个时间点分别从正上方、东、西、南、北五个方向测量防紫外线伞下和直接日光下的长波紫外线(UVA)和中波紫外线(UVB)强度,并使用重复测量数据的方差分析对比伞下和日光下紫外线强度的统计学差别。
结果
1.郑州市从2011年7月16日至8月31日每日6：00、8：00、10：00、12：00、14：00、16：00和18：00点日光下正上方的UVA平均强度分别为51.09±39.24μw/cm2、669.72±253.69μw/cm2、1553.06±669.31μw/cm2、2116.20±1007.23μw/cm2、1883.79±904.29μw/cm2、1000.69±480.39μw/cm2、276.22±124.89μw/cm2,UVB平均强度分别为1.03±1.47μw/cm2,47.31±17.46μw/cm2、128.51±49.87μw/cm2、180.74±75.55μw/cm2、154.85±67.73μw/cm2、77.83±34.32μw/cm2、14.59±7.34μw/cm2。
2.郑州市从2011年7月16日至8月31日每日6：00、8：00、10：00、12：00、14：00、16：00和18：00点阳伞下正上方的UVA平均强度分别为0.06±0.35μw/cm2、2.44±1.22μw/cm2、5.83±2.57μw/cm2、7.94±3.31μw/cm2、7.24±3.35μw/cm2、4.26±2.27μw/cm2、0.88±0.66μw/cm2, UVB平均强度分别为0μw/cm2、0μw/cm2、0μw/cm20.03±0.17μw/cm2、0.09±0.29μw/cm2、0μw/cm2、0μw/cm2。
3.防紫外线伞下的紫外线强度明显低于日光下,所有Ps<0.05；在同一时间(18：00点除外),防紫外线伞下或日光下正上方的紫外线强度与东、西、南、北方向紫外线强度之间的差别均有统计学意义,所有Ps<0.005。
结论
1.郑州市2011年7月16日至8月31日UVA和UVB强度均从早晨至中午逐渐增强,然后减弱；早晨和傍晚UVA和UVB强度变化较小,中午前后波动较大。
2.防紫外线伞可以有效阻挡紫外线辐射。
Background and objectives
The ultraviolet ray in sunlight radiating to the Earth surface includes ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB), accounting for the95～98%and the rest2～5%of the total ultraviolet intensity, respectively; While ultraviolet C (UVC) in sunlight is almost filtered out by the ozone layer. Ultraviolet ray may promote the synthesis of cutaneous vitamin D, and inhibit or kill bacteria living on the skin surface. In addition, the ultraviolet ray may also cure some skin diseases. However, too much ultraviolet radiation has the potential increasing the incidence of photosensitivity diseases. Although the biological effect of UVB is about1000times of that of UVA, its ability to penetrate into skin is weaker. UVB mainly injures the epidermis and the superficial dermis, leading to an acute reaction manifested as erythema and edema, or a chronic reaction including photo aging, immunosuppression and skin cancer. UVA may affect melanin synthesis in the epidermis, resulting in skin tanning; And it also has an impact on collagen and elastic fibers, and vessels in the dermis, which is associated with photo aging. Moreover, UVA and UVB may have a synergistic action in reducing cutaneous immune response and in increasing the incidence of skin cancer. Therefore, the aims of this study are to observe and analyze the changing pattern of ultraviolet intensities in the second half of summer in Zhengzhou, and to evaluate the role of an ultraviolet-proof umbrella in shielding against ultraviolet ray, in order to provide the scientific basis for residents in Zhengzhou to utilize sunlight rationally and to avoid sunlight damage in summer.
Methods
Ultraviolet A (UVA) and Ultraviolet B (UVB) intensities were measured seven times a day at two hours'interval in daytime from July16to August31,2011in Zhengzhou, both under sunlight and under an ultraviolet-proof umbrella. The data obtained in the two conditions were compared statistically with repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results
1. From July16to August31,2011, under sunlight, the mean intensities of UVA right over the ground at6:00,8:00,10:00,12:00,14:00,16:00and18:00were51.09±39.24μw/cm2,669.72±253.69μw/cm2,1553.06±669.31μw/cm2,2116.20±1007.22,1883.79±904.29μw/cm2,1000.69±480.39μw/cm2and276.22±124.89μw/cm2, respectively; and the intensities of UVB at the same time points were1.03±1.47μw/cm2,47.31±17.46μw/cm2,128.51±49.87μw/cm2,180.74±75.55μw/cm2,154.85±67.73μw/cm2,77.83±34.32μw/cm2and14.59±7.34μw/cm2, respectively.
2. From July16to August31,2011, under an ultraviolet-proof umbrella the mean intensities of UVA right over the ground at6:00,8:00,10:00,12:00,14:00,16:00and18:00were0.06±0.35μw/cm2,2.44±1.22μw/cm2,5.83±2.57μw/cm2,7.94±3.31μw/cm2,7.24±3.35μw/cm2,4.26±2.27μw/cm2,0.88±0.66μw/cm2, respectively; and the intensities of UVB at the same time points were0μw/cm2,0μw/cm2,0μw/cm2,0.03±0.17μw/cm2,0.09±0.29μw/cm2,0μw/cm2,0μw/cm2, respectively.
3. Both UVA and UVB intensities under the ultraviolet-proof umbrella were statistically significantly weaker than those under sunlight, all Ps<0.05. At the same time points except18:00, both under sunlight and under the ultraviolet-proof umbrella, the intensities of ultraviolet ray right above is different statistically significantly from the intensities in the east, west, south, north, all Ps<0.05.
Conclusions
1. From July16to August31,2011, both of the intensities of UVA and UVB elevate gradually from morning and reach their peaks at noon before going down; and they only change mildly in the morning and evening, while they fluctuate greatly around noon.
2. UV-proof umbrella may shield against ultraviolet radiation effectively.
引文
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[3]吴兑.太阳紫外线辐射及其生物效应[J].气象,2001,(04)：54-57.
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