高含水期油藏递减规律理论研究及模型建立
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摘要
油田进入高含水期后,稳产难度越来越大,研究产量递减规律和特征,准确把握高含水期油藏的运行规律成为目前面临的主要问题。本文通过总结大量的文献资料,分析了目前产量递减计算中存在的问题;针对这些问题,研究了产量递减计算的理论基础以及影响高含水期产量递减的各个因素,建立了适合高含水期油藏的理论解析模型、半解析模型、多因素递减模型,并进行了实例分析。
利用物质守恒方程和相对渗透率理论推导出水驱油藏产量递减方程的理论基础,为今后的产量递减研究提供了理论支持;依据以上理论基础,研究得到影响高含水期产量递减的主要因素;然后通过改进相渗曲线,以及利用油藏工程和渗流力学理论建立了理论解析模型,计算了相渗曲线、油水粘度比、采油采液速度等因素对自然递减率的影响,制作出一系列理论自然递减率图版。
利用本文提出的适用于中高含水期的新型水驱特征曲线和采油采液指数的变化规律,建立了产量递减半解析模型,并阐述了整个计算思路;分析了油水粘度比、相渗曲线、定可采储量采油采液速度对高含水期自然递减率的影响,制作出的自然递减率图版,考虑了油藏地质、流体、开发因素的影响,具有较高的适用性。
利用油藏数值模拟和多因素方案设计,建立了高含水油藏的数值概念模型,并进行了多因素敏感性分析。基于数值概念模型、解析模型及半解析模型的研究结果,最终建立了高含水期自然递减率多因素递减模型。运用此模型可以更加系统全面的对不同油藏条件下的自然递减率进行定性和定量分析。实例表明,运用此模型计算的结果基本符合油藏实际。
总之,本文研究得到了用于理论研究的递减规律理论基础和解析模型、可用于实际生产的半解析模型以及多因素递减模型。所研究的成果丰富了目前递减规律理论及研究方法,对今后的高含水油藏递减理论研究和油田实际生产均具有重要意义。
When the oil field goes into the high water cut stage, it becomes more and more difficult to control the oil output. At present, researching on discipline and characteristics of production decline, grasping operation rules of the high water cut reservoir accurately become the main issues. Through looking up plenty of document information, many problems of present production decline are studied in this paper. For tackling existing problems, analytical model, semi-analytical model and multi-factor descending model, which are applied to high water cut field, are established. On the basis of theoretical analysis and instance validation, it comes to the results as follows:
Investigate theoretical principle of production decline regularities. It provides theoretical support for future production decline study. And it receives main factors by comparative analysis. Analytical model is established by improving relative permeability curve and integrating reservoir engineering approach and infiltration theory. And it calculates the effect of relative permeability curve, viscosity ratio of oil and water, oil recovery rate and fluid recovery rate on natural declining rate. Finally a series of figure plates are achieved.
Propose a new water drive characteristic curve. And it will have great significance to research water-drive reservoir in the future. Applying above new water drive characteristic curve and fluid productivity index and oil productivity index, semi-analytical model is proposed. It analyzes the effect of relative permeability curve, viscosity ratio of oil and water, constant oil recovery rate of recoverable reserves and constant fluid recovery rate on natural declining rate. Calculation method of semi-analytical model and a series of figure plates of nature decline rate are given. It has very high applicability because of reservoir geological factors, fluid factors, develop factors.
Establish numerical model of high water cut reservoir. Analyze the effect of water-cut stage, fluid production rate, relative permeability curve, viscosity ratio of oil and water, homogeneity degree, damage condition of well pattern, the type of well pattern and well spacing on natural declining rate. Carry out tentative designs and multi-factor sensitivity analysis for above factors. The simulation results during high water cut stage are in general agreement with corresponding analytical model and semi-analytical model. Establish multi-factor descending model of natural declining rate. The regularities between production decline rate and these factors are achieved, so it is easy to carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis to natural production rate of different reservoir. The results are in accordance with practical situation basically by example verification.
This paper obtains production decline law theoretical basis, analytical model, semi-analytical model and multi-factor descending model adequate for actual production. It improves present declining regularity theories and research approaches. In a word, the research results are valuable for theoretical studies of production decline and actual production in high water cut reservoir.
利用物质守恒方程和相对渗透率理论推导出水驱油藏产量递减方程的理论基础,为今后的产量递减研究提供了理论支持;依据以上理论基础,研究得到影响高含水期产量递减的主要因素;然后通过改进相渗曲线,以及利用油藏工程和渗流力学理论建立了理论解析模型,计算了相渗曲线、油水粘度比、采油采液速度等因素对自然递减率的影响,制作出一系列理论自然递减率图版。
利用本文提出的适用于中高含水期的新型水驱特征曲线和采油采液指数的变化规律,建立了产量递减半解析模型,并阐述了整个计算思路;分析了油水粘度比、相渗曲线、定可采储量采油采液速度对高含水期自然递减率的影响,制作出的自然递减率图版,考虑了油藏地质、流体、开发因素的影响,具有较高的适用性。
利用油藏数值模拟和多因素方案设计,建立了高含水油藏的数值概念模型,并进行了多因素敏感性分析。基于数值概念模型、解析模型及半解析模型的研究结果,最终建立了高含水期自然递减率多因素递减模型。运用此模型可以更加系统全面的对不同油藏条件下的自然递减率进行定性和定量分析。实例表明,运用此模型计算的结果基本符合油藏实际。
总之,本文研究得到了用于理论研究的递减规律理论基础和解析模型、可用于实际生产的半解析模型以及多因素递减模型。所研究的成果丰富了目前递减规律理论及研究方法,对今后的高含水油藏递减理论研究和油田实际生产均具有重要意义。
When the oil field goes into the high water cut stage, it becomes more and more difficult to control the oil output. At present, researching on discipline and characteristics of production decline, grasping operation rules of the high water cut reservoir accurately become the main issues. Through looking up plenty of document information, many problems of present production decline are studied in this paper. For tackling existing problems, analytical model, semi-analytical model and multi-factor descending model, which are applied to high water cut field, are established. On the basis of theoretical analysis and instance validation, it comes to the results as follows:
Investigate theoretical principle of production decline regularities. It provides theoretical support for future production decline study. And it receives main factors by comparative analysis. Analytical model is established by improving relative permeability curve and integrating reservoir engineering approach and infiltration theory. And it calculates the effect of relative permeability curve, viscosity ratio of oil and water, oil recovery rate and fluid recovery rate on natural declining rate. Finally a series of figure plates are achieved.
Propose a new water drive characteristic curve. And it will have great significance to research water-drive reservoir in the future. Applying above new water drive characteristic curve and fluid productivity index and oil productivity index, semi-analytical model is proposed. It analyzes the effect of relative permeability curve, viscosity ratio of oil and water, constant oil recovery rate of recoverable reserves and constant fluid recovery rate on natural declining rate. Calculation method of semi-analytical model and a series of figure plates of nature decline rate are given. It has very high applicability because of reservoir geological factors, fluid factors, develop factors.
Establish numerical model of high water cut reservoir. Analyze the effect of water-cut stage, fluid production rate, relative permeability curve, viscosity ratio of oil and water, homogeneity degree, damage condition of well pattern, the type of well pattern and well spacing on natural declining rate. Carry out tentative designs and multi-factor sensitivity analysis for above factors. The simulation results during high water cut stage are in general agreement with corresponding analytical model and semi-analytical model. Establish multi-factor descending model of natural declining rate. The regularities between production decline rate and these factors are achieved, so it is easy to carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis to natural production rate of different reservoir. The results are in accordance with practical situation basically by example verification.
This paper obtains production decline law theoretical basis, analytical model, semi-analytical model and multi-factor descending model adequate for actual production. It improves present declining regularity theories and research approaches. In a word, the research results are valuable for theoretical studies of production decline and actual production in high water cut reservoir.
引文
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[14]俞启泰.俞启泰油田开发论文集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:1-894.
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[16]张雄君,程林松,李春兰.灰色关联分析法在产量递减率影响因素分析中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(6):48-50.
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[25]梁斌,张烈辉,李闽,等.用数值模拟方法研究气井产量递减[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(3):106-109.
[26]崔传智.水平井产能预测的方法研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005.
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[28]计秉玉.产量递减方程的渗流理论基础[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):86-91.
[29]石明杰,仲继东,刘贺涛.水驱特征曲线与产量递减曲线在油田开发后期的综合应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23 (4):26-27.
[30]李菊花,高文君,杨永利,等.水驱油田产量自然递减率多因素分析模型的建立[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(6):667-669.
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[32]孙欣华,刘永军,王前荣,等.基于三相渗流机理的自然递减模型研究—以温米油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(6):45 - 47,50.
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[48]常兆光,王清河,宋岱才等.随机数据处理方法[M],东营:石油大学出版社,1997:198-206.
[2]王金多,刘国静,秦凯峰,等.产量自然递减类型的综合判断及构成分析[J].断块油气田,2007,14(1):44-46.
[3]单东柏.水平井筛选方法研究—水平井产能预测和产量递减规律分析[D].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院,2003.
[4]姜汉桥,姚军,姜瑞忠.油藏工程原理与方法[M].第二版.东营:石油大学出版社,2006:10-262.
[5] M Li.A new method for determination of gas reservoir parameters with rate decline data[C].SPE 80513, 2003.
[6]王任飞.大庆升平油田主要开发指标变化规律及递减影响因素研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007.
[7] Rodriguez F., Cinco-Ley H. A New Model for Production Decline[J]. SPE25480 presented at the Production Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, March 21-23, 1993.
[8]方凌云,万新德.砂岩油藏注水开发动态分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:98-339.
[9]袁庆峰.认识油田开发规律科学合理开发油田[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(5):60-66.
[10] Fetkovich M J. Decline curve analysis using type curves[C]. SPE 4629,1980.
[11]刘国静.大庆低渗透油田产量变化规律及预测方法研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007.
[12]梁彬.气井产量递减分析[D].南充:西南石油学院,2005.
[13]郭新江,王小平,靳正平.现代产量递减曲线自动分析方法[J].天然气工业,2002,22(3):69 - 71.
[14]俞启泰.俞启泰油田开发论文集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:1-894.
[15]李斌.影响产量递减率的因素与减缓递减的途径[J].石油学报,1997,18(3): 89-97.
[16]张雄君,程林松,李春兰.灰色关联分析法在产量递减率影响因素分析中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(6):48-50.
[17]孙致学.裂缝性油藏中高含水期开发技术研究-以火烧山油田H2层为例[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.
[18]张宗达.油田产量递减率方法及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:12-101.
[19]刘义坤,毕永斌,隋新光,等.油气田进入递减阶段开发指标预测[J].天然气工业,2007,27(3):100-102.
[20]陈元千.判断油田递减类型的新式典型曲线图[J].中国海上油气(地质),1993,7(6):33-39.
[21]李传亮,孔祥言,许广明.产量递减规律的诊断方法[J].石油钻采工艺,1998,20(6):68-70.
[22]潘宗坤.油田自然递减率影响因素分析[J].石油勘探与开发,1993,20(6):120-121.
[23]计秉玉.油田开发指标预测方法综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1999,18(2):19-22.
[24]田晓东,魏海峰,朱宝君.预测特高含水期自然递减率的一种新方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(1):54-57.
[25]梁斌,张烈辉,李闽,等.用数值模拟方法研究气井产量递减[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(3):106-109.
[26]崔传智.水平井产能预测的方法研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[27]田晓宇.大庆油田高含水后期综合调整方案DSS的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[28]计秉玉.产量递减方程的渗流理论基础[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):86-91.
[29]石明杰,仲继东,刘贺涛.水驱特征曲线与产量递减曲线在油田开发后期的综合应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23 (4):26-27.
[30]李菊花,高文君,杨永利,等.水驱油田产量自然递减率多因素分析模型的建立[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(6):667-669.
[31]王俊魁.油田产量递减类型的判别与预测[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1991,10 (4): 27-34.
[32]孙欣华,刘永军,王前荣,等.基于三相渗流机理的自然递减模型研究—以温米油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(6):45 - 47,50.
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