基于抽水试验的潜水含水层水文地质参数计算分析
|
摘要
潜水含水层的渗透系数和影响半径,是基坑降水设计中两个重要的水文地质参数,其精确程度会直接影响基坑降水设计的可靠度。测定渗透系数和影响半径一般采用野外抽水试验。目前,生产实践中多是根据稳定流抽水试验公式来确定潜水含水层渗透系数和影响半径。但是,这种抽水试验一般需要较多的勘探及试验工作量,不是在任何情况下都有条件进行的。
随着地下水非稳定流运动理论的发展和应用,人们越来越多的开始使用非稳定流公式来计算潜水含水层参数。本文结合稳定流和非稳定流理论,对潜水完整单井抽水无观测孔和有一观测孔两种情况下渗透系数和影响半径的求解方法进行了分析和探索,指出了常规计算方法的不足之处,并给出了本文的求参方法。最后,利用西安北客站场地抽水试验资料对上述求参方法进行计算,并与两个观测孔的稳定流公式计算结果进行对比验证,从而证明了本文方法的合理性和经济实用性。
通过本文的分析研究,可以得出以下结论:1.在潜水完整单井抽水无观测孔情况下:①采用传统方法(裘布衣公式和经验公式迭代)求解渗透系数和影响半径是缺乏理论根据的;②当抽水井的水位降深较大时(0.1HThe permeability coefficient and radius of dewatering influence of phreatic aquifer, the degree of accuracy of which have a direct impact on reliability of excavation dewatering design, are two important hydrogeological parameters in excavation dewatering design. The determination method of permeability coefficient and radius of dewatering influence is field pumping test. At present, steady flow pumping test is often used to test the permeability coefficient and radius of dewatering influence of phreatic aquifer in practice. But the test method needs much exploration and test wrok, which is often diffcult to realize.
With the development and application of unsteady theory of the motion of ground water, more and more unsteady flow formula is used to find the solution of phreatic aquifer parameters. In the two cases of pumping in interferentical single well of phreatic without and with observation holes, the paper study the solution method of permeability coefficient and radius of dewatering influence according to the theory of stable and unstable flow, pointing out the shortcomings of common methods and giving methods how to solve parameters. At last , the aforementioned methods are verified by filed pumping test data in Xi’an north station, and compared to the result of steady flow pumping test formula of two observation wells, proofing the rationality and practicability of methods of this paper.
Through study of the paper, some conclusions can be made as follows: 1. In the case of pumping in interferentical single well of phreatic without observation holes:①Using conventional method(iterative method of Dupuit, J. -J. formula and emprical formula ) to solve permeability coefficient and radius of dewatering influence is short of the theory evidence;②When having more drawdown of pumping well(0.1H
随着地下水非稳定流运动理论的发展和应用,人们越来越多的开始使用非稳定流公式来计算潜水含水层参数。本文结合稳定流和非稳定流理论,对潜水完整单井抽水无观测孔和有一观测孔两种情况下渗透系数和影响半径的求解方法进行了分析和探索,指出了常规计算方法的不足之处,并给出了本文的求参方法。最后,利用西安北客站场地抽水试验资料对上述求参方法进行计算,并与两个观测孔的稳定流公式计算结果进行对比验证,从而证明了本文方法的合理性和经济实用性。
通过本文的分析研究,可以得出以下结论:1.在潜水完整单井抽水无观测孔情况下:①采用传统方法(裘布衣公式和经验公式迭代)求解渗透系数和影响半径是缺乏理论根据的;②当抽水井的水位降深较大时(0.1H
With the development and application of unsteady theory of the motion of ground water, more and more unsteady flow formula is used to find the solution of phreatic aquifer parameters. In the two cases of pumping in interferentical single well of phreatic without and with observation holes, the paper study the solution method of permeability coefficient and radius of dewatering influence according to the theory of stable and unstable flow, pointing out the shortcomings of common methods and giving methods how to solve parameters. At last , the aforementioned methods are verified by filed pumping test data in Xi’an north station, and compared to the result of steady flow pumping test formula of two observation wells, proofing the rationality and practicability of methods of this paper.
Through study of the paper, some conclusions can be made as follows: 1. In the case of pumping in interferentical single well of phreatic without observation holes:①Using conventional method(iterative method of Dupuit, J. -J. formula and emprical formula ) to solve permeability coefficient and radius of dewatering influence is short of the theory evidence;②When having more drawdown of pumping well(0.1H
引文
[1]叶含春等.松散介质渗透系数研究进展[J].塔里木农垦大学学报, 2001, 13(3): 31-34
[2]王富庆,沈荣开.大田土壤水平渗透系数自动测量系统[J].节水灌溉,1998, (05): 13-15
[3]汪自力,杨静熙.黄河大堤渗透系数的反演分析[J].人民黄河, 1994, 17(10): 13-15
[4]李金中等.森林流域土壤饱和渗透系数与有效孔隙度模型的研究[J].应用生态学报, 1998, 9(06): 597-602
[5]马文波等.农田地下排水土壤渗透系数的验证[J].黑龙江水利科技, 2002, 2: 36-37
[6]李佩成.黄土含水层给水度合理取值的研究[J],水利学报, 1999, (ll): 37-41
[7]高正夏,李景波等.宁夏青铜峡河西灌区地下水调控标准研究(一)[J].水资源保护, 2002, 4: 15-17
[8]赵景波,童心刚.陕西长安县杨湾剖面黄土含水条件研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 30: 109-113
[9]邵景力,崔亚莉等.包头市地下水—地表水联合调度多目标管理模型[J].资源科学, 2003, 25(4): 49-55
[10]刘希亮等.深部含水层渗透系数均匀试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005,16:2989-2993
[11]蔡书鹏,李修树.遗传算法在潜水含水层底高分布确定及参数识别中的应用[J].水利与建筑工程学报, 2004, 4: 34-37
[12]张力春,肖长来等.稳定井流直线图解法确定含水层参数[J].世界地质, 2006,25(01): 67-70
[13]邵龙潭.相间相互作用原理与土壤水动力学基本方程[J].水科学进展,2002, 13(05):606-610
[14]邓友生等.含盐土渗透系数变化特征的试验研究[J].冰川冻土, 2006, 8(21): 772-775
[15]侯玉新,黄皓莉.试论渗流场和渗流理论[J].工程勘察,2004, 6: 20-24
[16]孙蓉琳,梁杏,靳孟贵.基于野外水力试验的玄武岩渗透性及尺度效应[J].岩土力学,2006, 9: 56-60
[17]王洪涛,殷勇等.生活垃圾非饱和渗透性质测定的多步出流方法[J].环境科学, 2006, 10: 205-210
[18]邹立芝等.含水层水力参数的尺度效应研究现状[J].长春地质学院学报,1994,24(1):66-69
[19] Bredehft,J. D. etal. Gronud water Model, The Vnesco Press, 1982
[20] HerweijerJC, Young SC. Three-dimensional characterization of hydraulic, conductivity betergenous sands using pump tests and well tests on different scale[J]. Internation Conferenceon Calibeation and Reliabilit in groudwater modeling, 1990, 179-188
[21] Manath N. Pands等.关振良,谢丛胶译.用粒度分布参数计算单相渗透率[J].地质科技译丛, 1995, 12(3):61-65
[22] Wrren J E, H S Price. Flow in heterogenous porous media[J]. Soc Petrol Eng J, 1961, 1:153-169
[23] Hoekse ma R, Kitanidis P. Comparison of Gaussian conditional mean and kriging estimation in the geostatistical solution to the inverse problen[J]. Water Resources Research, 1985, 21(6):825-836
[24]杜强等.渗透性参数非均质的研究进展[J].地学前缘, 1996, 3(1-2): 182-190
[25] R. A.Freeze. Groung water[M].北京:地震出版社,1987,12
[26] De msaily G. Quantitative hydrogeology[M]. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla. 1986
[27] Kitanidis P K, Vomvoris E G.A geostatiscal approach to the inverse problem in groundwater modeling(steadystate)and one-dimensional simulations[J]. water Resourres,1983,19(3):677-690
[28] Amleto A P, Murashige E Applications of universal kriging to an aquifer study in New Jersey[J]. Geological Survey, 1986, 22(4): 499-507
[29] Marian W. K, Ching-Min Chang. Infiltration in Soils with Fractal Pemeability Distrbution. Groundwater, 1993, 31(2): 187-192
[30] Ababou R, Gelhar L, W. Scale-dependent variability in subsurface hydrology; self-similarity and Spectral conditioning[J]. Eos, Transactions, American Grophysical Union. 1988, 44: 1191-1192
[31]常安定,左大海.非齐次贝塞尔方程的解[J],纺织高校基础科学学报, 2000, 9(3): 273-275
[32]张景林.水文地质参数与井径设计[J].水文地质工程地质, 1993, 20(l): 58-60
[33]蒋亚萍,陈余道.南京某深基坑降水设计与效果分析[J].桂林工学院学报, 2000, Sl: 102-106
[34]俞言祥等.地应力信息在改善油田井网布局中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发, 1997, 24(4): 80-82
[35]刘大海.等价裘布衣半径及其单孔抽水试验解算方法[J].地下水, 1987, 3: 3-7
[36]李佩成等.再论渗流计算的“割离井法”及其微机实现[J].灌溉排水, 1998(1): 1-5
[37]陈雨孙等.抽水试验原理与参数测定[M].水利电力出版社, 1985: l-6
[38] Theis, C. V. , The relations between the lowing of piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge of a well using groundwaterstorage[J]. rans. Am. Geophys. U-nion, 1935: 19-524
[39] Jacob, C. E. , On the flow if water in an elastic artesian aquifer, Pysical hydrogeology[J]. Hatchinson Ross Publishing Company, 1983: 14-26
[40] Boulton, N. S. Analsis of data from nonequilibrium pumping test allowing for delayed yield from storage, Inst[J]. Civil Engineers Proc, 1963, 26: 469-482
[41] Hantush M. S. , Growth and decay of groundwater-mounds in response to uniform percolation[J], Water Resour. Rrs. 1967, 3(1): 227-234
[42] Boulton, N. S. And Strelsonva, T. D. , New equations for determining the formation constants of an aquifer from pumping test data[J], Water Resour. Res. , 1975, 11(1): 141-153
[43] Hautush, M. S. Hydraulics if well, In Chow, Ven. Te. ed. , Adbence in Hydroscience[J]. Academic Press, New York, 1964, Vol. (1): 281-442
[44] Neuman, S. P. And P. A. Witherspoon. Analysis of non-steady flow with a free surface using the finite element method[J], Water Resour. Res, 1971, Vol(7): 57-59
[45]石振华,李传尧.城市地下水工程与管理手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版1993:314-315
[46]任天培.水文地质学[M].北京:地质出版社, 1986.
[47]洪乃静,胡建刚.潜水含水层井损计算方法探讨[J].陕西地质, 1994, 12(1): 76-77
[48]克鲁斯曼(G. P. Kruseman),德里德(N.A.DeRidder).抽水试验资料的分析和评价[M].北京:地质出版社, 1980: 14-19
[49]姚天强,石振华.基坑降水手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版, 2006: 69-70
[50]陈雨孙,颜明志.抽水试验原理与参数测定[M].北京:水力水电出版社, 1985: 175-176
[2]王富庆,沈荣开.大田土壤水平渗透系数自动测量系统[J].节水灌溉,1998, (05): 13-15
[3]汪自力,杨静熙.黄河大堤渗透系数的反演分析[J].人民黄河, 1994, 17(10): 13-15
[4]李金中等.森林流域土壤饱和渗透系数与有效孔隙度模型的研究[J].应用生态学报, 1998, 9(06): 597-602
[5]马文波等.农田地下排水土壤渗透系数的验证[J].黑龙江水利科技, 2002, 2: 36-37
[6]李佩成.黄土含水层给水度合理取值的研究[J],水利学报, 1999, (ll): 37-41
[7]高正夏,李景波等.宁夏青铜峡河西灌区地下水调控标准研究(一)[J].水资源保护, 2002, 4: 15-17
[8]赵景波,童心刚.陕西长安县杨湾剖面黄土含水条件研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 30: 109-113
[9]邵景力,崔亚莉等.包头市地下水—地表水联合调度多目标管理模型[J].资源科学, 2003, 25(4): 49-55
[10]刘希亮等.深部含水层渗透系数均匀试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005,16:2989-2993
[11]蔡书鹏,李修树.遗传算法在潜水含水层底高分布确定及参数识别中的应用[J].水利与建筑工程学报, 2004, 4: 34-37
[12]张力春,肖长来等.稳定井流直线图解法确定含水层参数[J].世界地质, 2006,25(01): 67-70
[13]邵龙潭.相间相互作用原理与土壤水动力学基本方程[J].水科学进展,2002, 13(05):606-610
[14]邓友生等.含盐土渗透系数变化特征的试验研究[J].冰川冻土, 2006, 8(21): 772-775
[15]侯玉新,黄皓莉.试论渗流场和渗流理论[J].工程勘察,2004, 6: 20-24
[16]孙蓉琳,梁杏,靳孟贵.基于野外水力试验的玄武岩渗透性及尺度效应[J].岩土力学,2006, 9: 56-60
[17]王洪涛,殷勇等.生活垃圾非饱和渗透性质测定的多步出流方法[J].环境科学, 2006, 10: 205-210
[18]邹立芝等.含水层水力参数的尺度效应研究现状[J].长春地质学院学报,1994,24(1):66-69
[19] Bredehft,J. D. etal. Gronud water Model, The Vnesco Press, 1982
[20] HerweijerJC, Young SC. Three-dimensional characterization of hydraulic, conductivity betergenous sands using pump tests and well tests on different scale[J]. Internation Conferenceon Calibeation and Reliabilit in groudwater modeling, 1990, 179-188
[21] Manath N. Pands等.关振良,谢丛胶译.用粒度分布参数计算单相渗透率[J].地质科技译丛, 1995, 12(3):61-65
[22] Wrren J E, H S Price. Flow in heterogenous porous media[J]. Soc Petrol Eng J, 1961, 1:153-169
[23] Hoekse ma R, Kitanidis P. Comparison of Gaussian conditional mean and kriging estimation in the geostatistical solution to the inverse problen[J]. Water Resources Research, 1985, 21(6):825-836
[24]杜强等.渗透性参数非均质的研究进展[J].地学前缘, 1996, 3(1-2): 182-190
[25] R. A.Freeze. Groung water[M].北京:地震出版社,1987,12
[26] De msaily G. Quantitative hydrogeology[M]. Academic Press, Orlando, Fla. 1986
[27] Kitanidis P K, Vomvoris E G.A geostatiscal approach to the inverse problem in groundwater modeling(steadystate)and one-dimensional simulations[J]. water Resourres,1983,19(3):677-690
[28] Amleto A P, Murashige E Applications of universal kriging to an aquifer study in New Jersey[J]. Geological Survey, 1986, 22(4): 499-507
[29] Marian W. K, Ching-Min Chang. Infiltration in Soils with Fractal Pemeability Distrbution. Groundwater, 1993, 31(2): 187-192
[30] Ababou R, Gelhar L, W. Scale-dependent variability in subsurface hydrology; self-similarity and Spectral conditioning[J]. Eos, Transactions, American Grophysical Union. 1988, 44: 1191-1192
[31]常安定,左大海.非齐次贝塞尔方程的解[J],纺织高校基础科学学报, 2000, 9(3): 273-275
[32]张景林.水文地质参数与井径设计[J].水文地质工程地质, 1993, 20(l): 58-60
[33]蒋亚萍,陈余道.南京某深基坑降水设计与效果分析[J].桂林工学院学报, 2000, Sl: 102-106
[34]俞言祥等.地应力信息在改善油田井网布局中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发, 1997, 24(4): 80-82
[35]刘大海.等价裘布衣半径及其单孔抽水试验解算方法[J].地下水, 1987, 3: 3-7
[36]李佩成等.再论渗流计算的“割离井法”及其微机实现[J].灌溉排水, 1998(1): 1-5
[37]陈雨孙等.抽水试验原理与参数测定[M].水利电力出版社, 1985: l-6
[38] Theis, C. V. , The relations between the lowing of piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge of a well using groundwaterstorage[J]. rans. Am. Geophys. U-nion, 1935: 19-524
[39] Jacob, C. E. , On the flow if water in an elastic artesian aquifer, Pysical hydrogeology[J]. Hatchinson Ross Publishing Company, 1983: 14-26
[40] Boulton, N. S. Analsis of data from nonequilibrium pumping test allowing for delayed yield from storage, Inst[J]. Civil Engineers Proc, 1963, 26: 469-482
[41] Hantush M. S. , Growth and decay of groundwater-mounds in response to uniform percolation[J], Water Resour. Rrs. 1967, 3(1): 227-234
[42] Boulton, N. S. And Strelsonva, T. D. , New equations for determining the formation constants of an aquifer from pumping test data[J], Water Resour. Res. , 1975, 11(1): 141-153
[43] Hautush, M. S. Hydraulics if well, In Chow, Ven. Te. ed. , Adbence in Hydroscience[J]. Academic Press, New York, 1964, Vol. (1): 281-442
[44] Neuman, S. P. And P. A. Witherspoon. Analysis of non-steady flow with a free surface using the finite element method[J], Water Resour. Res, 1971, Vol(7): 57-59
[45]石振华,李传尧.城市地下水工程与管理手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版1993:314-315
[46]任天培.水文地质学[M].北京:地质出版社, 1986.
[47]洪乃静,胡建刚.潜水含水层井损计算方法探讨[J].陕西地质, 1994, 12(1): 76-77
[48]克鲁斯曼(G. P. Kruseman),德里德(N.A.DeRidder).抽水试验资料的分析和评价[M].北京:地质出版社, 1980: 14-19
[49]姚天强,石振华.基坑降水手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版, 2006: 69-70
[50]陈雨孙,颜明志.抽水试验原理与参数测定[M].北京:水力水电出版社, 1985: 175-176