输电线路自适应重合闸研究与仿真
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摘要
电力系统输电线路中的短路故障大多数是瞬时性故障,因此,自动重合闸技术已经广泛应用于电力系统中,大大提高了供电的可靠性。但传统的自动重合闸技术采用定时重合,不对故障进行判断,即不论瞬时性故障还是永久性故障,自动重合闸都会动作。因此,在故障尚存时可能重合,对系统造成二次冲击,不利于系统的稳定,而且可能会对电力系统和系统中的设备造成很大的危害。
为了避免输电线路采用自动重合闸时,重合于永久性故障所造成系统稳定破坏等重大系统灾难,在微机保护的基础上,自适应重合闸的概念应运而生,但目前自适应重合闸尚处于理论探索阶段。
本文提出了一种不同于现有故障类型判别的思路,通过考察线路单相接地故障的物理过程,分析故障电弧特性对故障相阻抗角的影响,利用MATLAB中PSB模块进行仿真。通过比较永久性故障和瞬时性故障,阻抗角的不同变化,提出了识别输电线路永久性故障和瞬时性故障的判据。所提判据在时间和准确性上要优于传统的基于故障后线路开关开断后故障线路残压幅值的判别法,并经动态仿真验证了其正确性。
最后,论文分析了目前尚存在的不足和需要进一步完善所做的工作。
The faults of transmission lines are most temporary ones in power system. So, the auto-reclosure technique has been widely applied in real power systems now. It is an effective method to improve the stability and synchronism of power systems. However, the present auto-reclosure technique normally employs a prescribed reclosure time, that is, the breaker is re-closed after a fixed period following a tripping operation without estimating fault nature. Main problem with the conventional reclosure scheme is a risk of a second shock to the system in the case of a permanent fault, when may lead to system oscillation.
In order to avoid the power system disaster caused by reclosing on the permanent fault of transmission line , adaptive autoreclosure based on microproeessor-based protection arises at the historic moment,but is still in the stage of theory study.
This paper has proposed one new way of thought of differentiating the fault type. After observing the physical course of the single-phase grounding of transmission line,analyzing the different characters of phases affected by the arc between the temporary faults from permanent ones during the fault period from the moment that single- phased grounding occurs to the moment that line breakers work , and emulating by PSB in MATLAB ,we can distinguish temporary fault from permanent one through the phase form. As far as time cost and accuracy are concerned,this criterion based on wave form discernment is superior to the traditional one based on the transmission 1ine voltage amplitude sampled after breakers work and has been verified its exactness by dynamic emulation.
Finally, the disadvantages of existent schemes and proposals to improve the criteria are pointed out.
为了避免输电线路采用自动重合闸时,重合于永久性故障所造成系统稳定破坏等重大系统灾难,在微机保护的基础上,自适应重合闸的概念应运而生,但目前自适应重合闸尚处于理论探索阶段。
本文提出了一种不同于现有故障类型判别的思路,通过考察线路单相接地故障的物理过程,分析故障电弧特性对故障相阻抗角的影响,利用MATLAB中PSB模块进行仿真。通过比较永久性故障和瞬时性故障,阻抗角的不同变化,提出了识别输电线路永久性故障和瞬时性故障的判据。所提判据在时间和准确性上要优于传统的基于故障后线路开关开断后故障线路残压幅值的判别法,并经动态仿真验证了其正确性。
最后,论文分析了目前尚存在的不足和需要进一步完善所做的工作。
The faults of transmission lines are most temporary ones in power system. So, the auto-reclosure technique has been widely applied in real power systems now. It is an effective method to improve the stability and synchronism of power systems. However, the present auto-reclosure technique normally employs a prescribed reclosure time, that is, the breaker is re-closed after a fixed period following a tripping operation without estimating fault nature. Main problem with the conventional reclosure scheme is a risk of a second shock to the system in the case of a permanent fault, when may lead to system oscillation.
In order to avoid the power system disaster caused by reclosing on the permanent fault of transmission line , adaptive autoreclosure based on microproeessor-based protection arises at the historic moment,but is still in the stage of theory study.
This paper has proposed one new way of thought of differentiating the fault type. After observing the physical course of the single-phase grounding of transmission line,analyzing the different characters of phases affected by the arc between the temporary faults from permanent ones during the fault period from the moment that single- phased grounding occurs to the moment that line breakers work , and emulating by PSB in MATLAB ,we can distinguish temporary fault from permanent one through the phase form. As far as time cost and accuracy are concerned,this criterion based on wave form discernment is superior to the traditional one based on the transmission 1ine voltage amplitude sampled after breakers work and has been verified its exactness by dynamic emulation.
Finally, the disadvantages of existent schemes and proposals to improve the criteria are pointed out.
引文
[1]胡科.自适应重合闸研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2004:1-6.
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[3]刘浩芳.特高压输电线路保护新原理及自适应重合闸技术的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2007:61-65.
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[5]李斌,李永丽,曾治安,等.基于电压谐波信号分析的单相自适应重合闸[J].电网技术,2002,26(10):53-57.
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[32] A T Johns,R K Aggarwal,Y H Song.Improved Technique for Modeling Fault Arcs Onfaulted EHV Transmi Ssion Systems[J].IEE Pro-Gener,Transm Distrib,1994 141(2):148-154.
[33] Y.H.SONG,R.K.AGGARWAL,A.T.JOHNS.Modelling of Permanent Faults in EHV Transmission Systems[C] . Proc IPEC93 ,Singapore,1993:485-489.
[34] I.K.Yu,Y.H.Song.Wavelet Analysis of Arcing Fault Phenomena with Particular Reference to Development of New Protection and Control[C].UKACC International Conference on CONTROL'98,1998:1011-1016.
[35] Saul Golderg,William F.Horton.A Computer of the Secondary Arc in Single Phase Operation of Transmission Lines[J].IEEE Transmission on Power Delivery, 1989,4(1):586-593.
[36]牛晓明,王晓彤,施围,王其平.超高压串联补偿输电线路的潜供电流和恢复电压[J].电网技术,1998,22(9):9-12.
[37]曹祥麟.EMTP在特高压交流输电研究中的应用[J].高电压技术,2006,32(7):64-68.
[38]谷定燮,周沛洪.特高压输电系统过电压、潜供电流和无功补偿[J].2005, 31(11):21-25.
[39]徐政.免费使用的电磁暂态分析程序[J].电网技术,1999,23(7):64-69.
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[41]何正友,钱清泉.电力系统暂态信号的小波分析方法及其应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2002,14(4):1-6.
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[2]葛耀中.在单相自动重合闸过程中判别瞬时和永久故障的方法[J].西安交通大学学报,1984,18(2):23-32.
[3]刘浩芳.特高压输电线路保护新原理及自适应重合闸技术的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2007:61-65.
[4]范越,施围.输电线路单相自动重合闸中电压判据的修正[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(6):44-47.
[5]李斌,李永丽,曾治安,等.基于电压谐波信号分析的单相自适应重合闸[J].电网技术,2002,26(10):53-57.
[6]郑玉平,黄震,张哲,等.同杆并架双回线自适应重合闸的研究[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(22):58-62.
[7]沈军,张哲,郑玉平,李九虎,孟国凯.500kV同杆双回线自适应重合闸方案[J].电力设备,2006,7(1):20-23.
[8]成敬周,张举.基于电弧复小波检测的单相自适应重合闸[J].继电器,2005, 33(7):21-25.
[9]刘海峰,林湘宁,刘沛,杨丹,薄志谦.基于形态学闭开-开闭梯度变换的单相自适应重合闸方案[J].电力系统自动化,2005,2(2):39-44.
[10]林湘宁,刘海峰,鲁文军,刘沛,薄志谦.基于广义多分辨形态学梯度的自适应单相重合闸方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,2(7):101-106.
[11] M.B.Djuric, V.V.Terzjia.A New Approach to the Arcing Fault Detection for Fast Autoreclosure in Transmission Systems[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery,1995,10(4):1793-1798.
[12] Z.M.Radojevic, V.V.Terzija,M.B.Djuric.Spectral Domain Arcing Fault Recognition and Fault Distance Calculation in Transmission System[J] .Electric Power System Research,1996,(37):105-113.
[13] Z.M.Radojevic,V.V.Terzija,M.B.Djuric.Numerical Algorithm for Blocking Autoreclosure During Permanennt Faults on Overhead Lines[J] .Electric Power System Research,1998,(46):51-58.
[14] Z . M . Radojevic , V . V . Terzija , M . B . Djuric . MultipurposeOverhead Lines Protection Algorithm[J].IEE Proc.Gener.Transm.Distrib,1999,146(5):441-445.
[15] Z.Q.Bo,R.K.Aggarwal,A.T.Johns.New Concept in Transmi-ssion Line Reclosing Using High-frequency Fault Transicents[J].IEE Proge-ner,Transm,Distrib,1997,144(4):351-356.
[16]索南加乐,刘辉,吴亚萍,毛鹏,杜肖功.基于故障测距的单相自动重合闸永久故障电压白适应补偿判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(4):80-84.
[17]李斌,李永丽,黄强,翟永昌,曾治安,马志宇,贺家李.单相自适应重合闸相位判据的研究[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(22):41-44.
[18]索南加乐,孙丹丹,付伟.带并联电抗器输电线路单相自动重合闸永久故障的识别原理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,11(6):75-81.
[19]李斌,李永丽,盛鸥,等.带并联电抗器的超高压输电线单相自适应重合闸的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):52-56.
[20]聂宏展,董爽,段玉兵.基于神经网络的单相自适应重合闸的研究[J] .东北电力学院学报,2005,25(2):37-41.
[21]聂宏展,董爽,李天云,赵妍.基于模糊神经网络的单相自适应重合闸[J] .网技术,2005,29(10):76-79.
[22]杨伟,彭丽,张俊芳,吴军基.基于模糊神经网络的自适应单相自动重合闸[J] .继电器,2005,33(15):66-70.
[23]房鑫炎,阙波.人工神经网络在自适应重合闸瞬时与永久故障判别中的应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,1999,11(3):80-86.
[24]郁惟镛,胡更,黄登峰.基于波形识别的永久性和瞬时性故障的判别[J].继电器,1999,27(4):10-14.
[25]陈少华,徐子利,陈允平.基于小波神经网络的自适应单相重合闸[J].武汉大学学报,2004,37(1):106-109.
[26]蔡超豪.基于小波分析的自适应重合闸[J].继电器,1999,27(2):21-23.
[27]成敬周,张举,焦彦军,陈琛,张延冬,范凯.基于测度分析及模糊集理论的单相自适应重合闸研究[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25(4):23-27.
[28]徐国政,张节容等.高压断路器原理和应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2000:99-108.
[29]夏明超,黄益庄,王勋.高压输电线路暂态保护的发展与现状[J] .电网技术, 2002,26(11):65-69.
[30]亚历山大罗夫.超高压送电线路的设计[M].北京:水利电力出版社.1987.
[31]陈维贤,陈禾,鲁铁成,周文俊.关于特高压可控并联电抗器[J].高电压技术, 2005,31(11):26-27.
[32] A T Johns,R K Aggarwal,Y H Song.Improved Technique for Modeling Fault Arcs Onfaulted EHV Transmi Ssion Systems[J].IEE Pro-Gener,Transm Distrib,1994 141(2):148-154.
[33] Y.H.SONG,R.K.AGGARWAL,A.T.JOHNS.Modelling of Permanent Faults in EHV Transmission Systems[C] . Proc IPEC93 ,Singapore,1993:485-489.
[34] I.K.Yu,Y.H.Song.Wavelet Analysis of Arcing Fault Phenomena with Particular Reference to Development of New Protection and Control[C].UKACC International Conference on CONTROL'98,1998:1011-1016.
[35] Saul Golderg,William F.Horton.A Computer of the Secondary Arc in Single Phase Operation of Transmission Lines[J].IEEE Transmission on Power Delivery, 1989,4(1):586-593.
[36]牛晓明,王晓彤,施围,王其平.超高压串联补偿输电线路的潜供电流和恢复电压[J].电网技术,1998,22(9):9-12.
[37]曹祥麟.EMTP在特高压交流输电研究中的应用[J].高电压技术,2006,32(7):64-68.
[38]谷定燮,周沛洪.特高压输电系统过电压、潜供电流和无功补偿[J].2005, 31(11):21-25.
[39]徐政.免费使用的电磁暂态分析程序[J].电网技术,1999,23(7):64-69.
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