吉林省生态工业园建设模式研究
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摘要
工业文明使人类摆脱了刀耕火种的时代,生产力水平的进步给人类带来了极大的物质财富,满足了人类不断增长的物质需求,但同时人们又不得不承受由此带来的对自身生存环境的威胁和破坏。人们逐渐认识到传统的工业系统“线性”生产模式已经很难继续维持,必须寻找一种新的生产模式和产业形态,以满足人类社会持续健康发展的需要。基于自然循环理念的工业生态学逐渐被人们接受并付诸实践。
建设生态工业园是工业生态学在实践上的重要应用领域。生态工业园是根据清洁生产要求、以循环经济理念和工业生态学原理而设计和建立的一种新型工业园区。它通过物质流或能量流传递等方式把不同工厂或企业连接起来,形成共享资源和互换副产品的产业共生组合,使一家工厂的废弃物或副产品成为另一家工厂的原料或能源,模拟自然循环系统,在产业系统中建立“生产者—消费者—分解者”的循环途径,寻求物质闭路循环、能量多级利用和废物产生最小化。自20世纪90年代开始,生态工业园区成为世界工业园区发展的主题,并取得了丰富的经验。
我国也在生态工业园建设方面进行了积极探索,生态工业园建设是我国“新型工业化”的体现。吉林省开展生态工业园建设是吉林省工业发展的必然选择,有利于建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,符合节能减排的要求,符合循环经济的发展模式,为区域生态工业园建设提供借鉴和参考。
在全面分析吉林省自然资源、产业结构、生态环境等条件的基础上,以可持续发展理论、工业生态学理论、循环经济理论、生态学原理、生态经济学原理为指导,采用清洁生产评价、生命周期评价、工业代谢、系统工程、景观生态评价、管理信息系统等技术方法,以经济发展、物质减量与循环(资源循环与利用)、污染控制和园区管理评价系统为标准,进行吉林省生态工业园建设模式的探讨与研究。
本文探讨了吉林省汽车产业生态工业园建设模式、石油化工生态工业园建设模式、农产品加工生态工业园建设模式、现代中药和生物药生态工业园建设模式及通化张家省级生态工业示范园区建设模式,虚实结合,构建生态工业链网。通过在企业层面的清洁生产,区域层面的生态工业示范园区的构建,减少对环境的污染,提高产品性能和质量,降低材料消耗,节约能源,提高资源利用率,缓解经济高速增长和原材料、能源的供给不足的矛盾,使保护环境与经济发展取得双赢,开拓出一条有特色的循环经济发展之路,最终解决发展经济和环境保护之间的矛盾。
吉林省生态工业园的布局应以产业基础和资源优势为核心,构筑主导产业和优势产业空间体系。根据各地区的实际情况,以及其示范性和带动性的效应,确定适宜的产业类型和规模,合理布局,不宜过多过滥,有效避免重复建设。不同类型的生态工业园在区域内建立之后,除拥有核心企业及关系密切、布局邻近的企业外,同时应拥有一批松散型的、在地理上远离园区、但能深入被园区带动的其他区域,以促进整个区域的经济、社会和环境的协调发展。加强生态工业园的管理,保证园区健康、持续的发展。
本文的创新点主要有三方面:(1)在省域范围内根据各地区的资源与产业优势,采用典型实例研究与基本理论、技术研究相结合的方法,对吉林省的汽车产业、石油化工产业、农产品加工业、现代中药和生物制药业的生态工业园建设模式进行探讨。(2)在全省范围内建立生态工业共生网络,探讨跨地区的生态工业园的工业共生网络的建立模式与方法,突破单一生态工业园中工业生态链的研究模式。(3)提出省域内实体生态工业园与虚拟生态工业园的优化布局。
Industrial civilization free man from the slash-and-burn cultivation, and the progress of productivity brought about material wealth and satisfied the continual increasing material requisite. In the meantime, people have to endure the threat and the destruction to their self-living environment. Linear production model hardly continued, we must find a new type production model and industrial form to meet the need of sustainable and sound development for human society. People are gradually accepting and practicing the industrial ecology based on natural circular theory.
The important practice of the industrial ecology is to set up eco-industrial parks. Eco-industrial park is a new type of industrial park, which is designed and constructed on the requirement of cleaner production, theory of circular economy as well as the principles of ecology. It connects different factories or enterprises by the way of transmitting material flow or energy flow, to form industrial symbiosis networks by sharing the resource and mutual exchange by-products. Under this pattern, "by-product" of one producing process may be the raw material of another process. In order to explore material closed circular, energy conservation system and minimum discharge of the waste, it set up the circular pathway by imitating the natural circular system as“producer—consumer-- decomposer”in the industrial system. Since 1990's, EIP has become the topic of development for the world industrial parks.
China explored constructing EIP positively which reflected“the newly industrial mechanisms”. Constructing EIP is the necessary choice to develop the industry in Jilin Province, it propels society development in environment friendly and resource saving, conforms to the requirements of energy-saving and waste-reducing, fits the model of circular economy development, thus provides the references for regional eco-industrial park.
Based on the analysis of the resources, industrial structure and ecological environment in Jilin Province, study the model of EIP construction in Jilin Province, taking the sustainable development theory, circular economy theory, ecological principles, ecological economics principle as guiding ideology, using the technological methods of cleaner production assessment, life cycle assessment, industrial metabolize, systems project, landscape ecological assessment, management information system, and using the assessment system including economic development, material reduction and circulation, pollution control and park management.
This article discusses the construction models of the automobile EIP, petrochemical EIP, agricultural products processing EIP, pharmaceutical EIP and Zhangjia EIP, combine the real EIP with the virtue EIP to structure the eco-industrial net. It wants to open up a path for the EIP development by cleaning production in the enterprises and constructing EIP in the region, to reduce environmental pollution, improve product quality, reduce material and energy consumption, raise the utilization rate of resources, resolve the contradiction between high-speed economic growth and raw materials, energy supply shortage, and finally realize the development of circular economy and resolve the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection .
The distribution of EIP in Jilin Province should take the industrial foundation and the resources superiority as the core, constructs the space system of the leading industry and the superiority industry. According to the actual situation in various regions,as well as its demonstration effect and the driving effect, decides the suitable type and scale of the industry, distributes rationally, avoids the repetition construction. In addition to the core business, there are some enterprises that is loose-type, geographically far from the park, but can be driven deeply into the park. So it can promote the coordinated development of economy, society and environment for the entire region. Strengthen the management of eco-industrial park and guarantee its healthy and sustainable development.
In this paper, there are three main innovation points: firstly, based on the superiority of the local resources and industry, combining the typical case study with the basic theory, technological study, explores the construction model of EIPs in Jilin Province, taking the automobile EIP, petrochemical EIP, agricultural products processing EIP, pharmaceutical EIP as examples. Secondly, on the basis of establishing EIP in various regions, discusses the establishment pattern of eco-industrial network among the entire province scope. Thirdly, in province region, optimize the distribution of real EIPs and virtual EIPs.
建设生态工业园是工业生态学在实践上的重要应用领域。生态工业园是根据清洁生产要求、以循环经济理念和工业生态学原理而设计和建立的一种新型工业园区。它通过物质流或能量流传递等方式把不同工厂或企业连接起来,形成共享资源和互换副产品的产业共生组合,使一家工厂的废弃物或副产品成为另一家工厂的原料或能源,模拟自然循环系统,在产业系统中建立“生产者—消费者—分解者”的循环途径,寻求物质闭路循环、能量多级利用和废物产生最小化。自20世纪90年代开始,生态工业园区成为世界工业园区发展的主题,并取得了丰富的经验。
我国也在生态工业园建设方面进行了积极探索,生态工业园建设是我国“新型工业化”的体现。吉林省开展生态工业园建设是吉林省工业发展的必然选择,有利于建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,符合节能减排的要求,符合循环经济的发展模式,为区域生态工业园建设提供借鉴和参考。
在全面分析吉林省自然资源、产业结构、生态环境等条件的基础上,以可持续发展理论、工业生态学理论、循环经济理论、生态学原理、生态经济学原理为指导,采用清洁生产评价、生命周期评价、工业代谢、系统工程、景观生态评价、管理信息系统等技术方法,以经济发展、物质减量与循环(资源循环与利用)、污染控制和园区管理评价系统为标准,进行吉林省生态工业园建设模式的探讨与研究。
本文探讨了吉林省汽车产业生态工业园建设模式、石油化工生态工业园建设模式、农产品加工生态工业园建设模式、现代中药和生物药生态工业园建设模式及通化张家省级生态工业示范园区建设模式,虚实结合,构建生态工业链网。通过在企业层面的清洁生产,区域层面的生态工业示范园区的构建,减少对环境的污染,提高产品性能和质量,降低材料消耗,节约能源,提高资源利用率,缓解经济高速增长和原材料、能源的供给不足的矛盾,使保护环境与经济发展取得双赢,开拓出一条有特色的循环经济发展之路,最终解决发展经济和环境保护之间的矛盾。
吉林省生态工业园的布局应以产业基础和资源优势为核心,构筑主导产业和优势产业空间体系。根据各地区的实际情况,以及其示范性和带动性的效应,确定适宜的产业类型和规模,合理布局,不宜过多过滥,有效避免重复建设。不同类型的生态工业园在区域内建立之后,除拥有核心企业及关系密切、布局邻近的企业外,同时应拥有一批松散型的、在地理上远离园区、但能深入被园区带动的其他区域,以促进整个区域的经济、社会和环境的协调发展。加强生态工业园的管理,保证园区健康、持续的发展。
本文的创新点主要有三方面:(1)在省域范围内根据各地区的资源与产业优势,采用典型实例研究与基本理论、技术研究相结合的方法,对吉林省的汽车产业、石油化工产业、农产品加工业、现代中药和生物制药业的生态工业园建设模式进行探讨。(2)在全省范围内建立生态工业共生网络,探讨跨地区的生态工业园的工业共生网络的建立模式与方法,突破单一生态工业园中工业生态链的研究模式。(3)提出省域内实体生态工业园与虚拟生态工业园的优化布局。
Industrial civilization free man from the slash-and-burn cultivation, and the progress of productivity brought about material wealth and satisfied the continual increasing material requisite. In the meantime, people have to endure the threat and the destruction to their self-living environment. Linear production model hardly continued, we must find a new type production model and industrial form to meet the need of sustainable and sound development for human society. People are gradually accepting and practicing the industrial ecology based on natural circular theory.
The important practice of the industrial ecology is to set up eco-industrial parks. Eco-industrial park is a new type of industrial park, which is designed and constructed on the requirement of cleaner production, theory of circular economy as well as the principles of ecology. It connects different factories or enterprises by the way of transmitting material flow or energy flow, to form industrial symbiosis networks by sharing the resource and mutual exchange by-products. Under this pattern, "by-product" of one producing process may be the raw material of another process. In order to explore material closed circular, energy conservation system and minimum discharge of the waste, it set up the circular pathway by imitating the natural circular system as“producer—consumer-- decomposer”in the industrial system. Since 1990's, EIP has become the topic of development for the world industrial parks.
China explored constructing EIP positively which reflected“the newly industrial mechanisms”. Constructing EIP is the necessary choice to develop the industry in Jilin Province, it propels society development in environment friendly and resource saving, conforms to the requirements of energy-saving and waste-reducing, fits the model of circular economy development, thus provides the references for regional eco-industrial park.
Based on the analysis of the resources, industrial structure and ecological environment in Jilin Province, study the model of EIP construction in Jilin Province, taking the sustainable development theory, circular economy theory, ecological principles, ecological economics principle as guiding ideology, using the technological methods of cleaner production assessment, life cycle assessment, industrial metabolize, systems project, landscape ecological assessment, management information system, and using the assessment system including economic development, material reduction and circulation, pollution control and park management.
This article discusses the construction models of the automobile EIP, petrochemical EIP, agricultural products processing EIP, pharmaceutical EIP and Zhangjia EIP, combine the real EIP with the virtue EIP to structure the eco-industrial net. It wants to open up a path for the EIP development by cleaning production in the enterprises and constructing EIP in the region, to reduce environmental pollution, improve product quality, reduce material and energy consumption, raise the utilization rate of resources, resolve the contradiction between high-speed economic growth and raw materials, energy supply shortage, and finally realize the development of circular economy and resolve the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection .
The distribution of EIP in Jilin Province should take the industrial foundation and the resources superiority as the core, constructs the space system of the leading industry and the superiority industry. According to the actual situation in various regions,as well as its demonstration effect and the driving effect, decides the suitable type and scale of the industry, distributes rationally, avoids the repetition construction. In addition to the core business, there are some enterprises that is loose-type, geographically far from the park, but can be driven deeply into the park. So it can promote the coordinated development of economy, society and environment for the entire region. Strengthen the management of eco-industrial park and guarantee its healthy and sustainable development.
In this paper, there are three main innovation points: firstly, based on the superiority of the local resources and industry, combining the typical case study with the basic theory, technological study, explores the construction model of EIPs in Jilin Province, taking the automobile EIP, petrochemical EIP, agricultural products processing EIP, pharmaceutical EIP as examples. Secondly, on the basis of establishing EIP in various regions, discusses the establishment pattern of eco-industrial network among the entire province scope. Thirdly, in province region, optimize the distribution of real EIPs and virtual EIPs.
引文
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