基于3S技术的山东省森林调节温度的生态服务功能研究
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摘要
在气候变化、环境恶化等问题等日益严峻的情况下,森林的生态价值凸现。近年来人们日益认识到,只有深入地、定量化地研究森林生态服务,量化其价值,才能充分反映和“显化”生态系统为人类所提供的巨大经济价值,才能指导自然资源的合理开发和有效保护,有利于生态系统的保护并最终有利于人类自身的可持续发展。森林生态系统服务的量化研究还需要新的技术、手段和方法。随着现代多学科技术的综合发展,森林生态系统服务的量化研究的技术、手段与方法也逐步得以更新和完善,以3S(GPS、GIS、RS)技术为基础开发出来的森林资源监测与管理的新工具、方法、技术和手段不断应用于森林生态服务的研究中来。
本论文以山东省的森林资源为研究对象,以3S技术为支撑,立足于统计,对森林生态系统服务功能之一的调节温度进行了研究。利用TM数据、MODIS温度产品、植被指数产品、实际采集的外业数据、山东气象数据等数据,结合GIS技术,对2000-2006年山东省森林不同时间的温度数据进行了量化分析,得出了森林调节温度的相关规律;并以遥感反演的大气水汽含量为基础,对森林区大气水汽的变化特征进行了探索性分析。主要目的是研究森林调节温度的规律,为科学的评估森林生态系统调节温度的生态服务提供新的技术手段和科学的数据支持,为山东省森林资源的造林规划、经营管理、动态更新提供理论基础,促进山东省森林可持续经营和林业可持续发展。
本文通过研究得出如下结论:
(1)森林夏季具有降温作用,主要体现在5-9月份;冬季具有保温作用,主要表现在11-2月份,保温效果不如降温效果明显。(2)森林白天的地表温度(LST)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)是负相关的关系,夜间的LST与NDVI几乎不存在相关性;夏季LST与NDVI是负相关的关系,冬季是正相关的关系,即夏季森林起降温的作用,冬季起保温的作用;区域范围越小,LST与NDVI的相关性越强。(3)森林温度变化的振幅比农田、城镇都小,森林对温度的调节作用比农田大;夏季森林温度越高时降温效果越明显,冬季温度越低时保温效果越明显,森林对气候变化缓解能力比农田强。(4)不同的林种,不同的时间降温效果不同,针叶林类样点在2、3月份,即冬末春初,LST与NDVI出现明显的低谷。(5)LST变化与NDVI变化的相关性比LST变化于降水的变化的相关性强。(6)林区分布的对大气水汽含量的日变化影响不显著。
本研究的主要创新点有以下3个方面:(1)在山东省省域尺度上,利用遥感反演的温度数据对山东省森林调节温度的生态服务功能进行了分析研究,为森林生态服务功能的评估研究提供了新的技术手段;(2)对不同时间森林调节温度的数据进行了量化分析,以统计数据位基础,得出了森林调节温度的相关规律;(3)对比分析了森林和农田在调节温度、响应气候变化等方面的异同
Increasingly serious global climate change and environmental problems protrude the forest ecological value, making people recognize day by day that ecological system can provide tremendous economic value to mankind on condition that the forest ecological service is deeply and quantitatively studied. Hence, the task can help to promote reasonable exploitation of natural resources and be beneficial to ecosystem protection and, ultimately, to human self sustainable development. With the development of the modern science technology, tools, methods and technical means in forest resources monitoring and management represented by 3S(GPS, GIS& RS)are getting wide application in the study on forest ecological service.
The paper takes Shandong Province's forest resources as the object of study , with the support of 3S technology and statistics data, studies on the air temperature regulation of forest resource ecological service. The ecological services of air temperature regulation for different tree species and different seasons during 2000-2006 in Shandong province are quantitatively studied by using TM data, MODIS temperature, vegetation index, the field surveying data and the meteorological data in Shandong, combining with GIS. This study provides theoretical basis for afforestation planning and management and dynamic update of forest resource, it also provides new technological means for the study on forest ecological service and promotes forestry sustainable management and development in Shandong .
The conclusions of the paper are as followed:
1)In summer forest has temperature decrease function, mainly manifests in May to September; In winter it has heat preservation function, mainly displays in November to February, the heat preservation effect is inferior than decreasing temperature effect does.2) LST (Land Surface Temperature) has negative correlation with the NDVI in the day, however, in the evening, LST has no correlation with NDVI at all. In Summer LST and NDVI are the inverse correlation relations, but in the winter they are positive correlation , that is in summer forest plays the temperature decrease role, in the winter it funtions as heat preservation. The smaller the area coverage is, the stronger LST and the NDVI relevance is. 3) The temperature change in forest is less than that in farmlands and cities, forest functions more temperature control than farmland; decreasing temperatuer effect is more obvious when the forest temperature is higher in summer, the effect of keeping warmth is rather obvious when the temperature is lower in the winter. Compared to farmand, forest is more powerful for climatic change and extreme value weather alleviation. 4) Decrease effect is different from various species and different time , the coniferous forest class in late winter and early spring is pretter lower. 5) LST and NDVI change has stronger relevance than LST and precipitation's change. 6) Forest region distribution is not remarkable to atmospheric water vapor diurnal variation.
The main innovations are as follows: (1)Among Shandong territory criterion, an analytical study on ecological service function on forest attenperaton has been conducted by using the remote sensing inversion's temperature data. The study provided the new technological means for appraisal research on forest ecological service function. 2) has carried on the quantification analysis to forest attemperation's data at different time, based on statistical data, has obtained regularity of forest attemperation; (3) A contrastive analysis for similarities and differences between forest and farmland has been done in aspect on attemperation and climatic change.
本论文以山东省的森林资源为研究对象,以3S技术为支撑,立足于统计,对森林生态系统服务功能之一的调节温度进行了研究。利用TM数据、MODIS温度产品、植被指数产品、实际采集的外业数据、山东气象数据等数据,结合GIS技术,对2000-2006年山东省森林不同时间的温度数据进行了量化分析,得出了森林调节温度的相关规律;并以遥感反演的大气水汽含量为基础,对森林区大气水汽的变化特征进行了探索性分析。主要目的是研究森林调节温度的规律,为科学的评估森林生态系统调节温度的生态服务提供新的技术手段和科学的数据支持,为山东省森林资源的造林规划、经营管理、动态更新提供理论基础,促进山东省森林可持续经营和林业可持续发展。
本文通过研究得出如下结论:
(1)森林夏季具有降温作用,主要体现在5-9月份;冬季具有保温作用,主要表现在11-2月份,保温效果不如降温效果明显。(2)森林白天的地表温度(LST)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)是负相关的关系,夜间的LST与NDVI几乎不存在相关性;夏季LST与NDVI是负相关的关系,冬季是正相关的关系,即夏季森林起降温的作用,冬季起保温的作用;区域范围越小,LST与NDVI的相关性越强。(3)森林温度变化的振幅比农田、城镇都小,森林对温度的调节作用比农田大;夏季森林温度越高时降温效果越明显,冬季温度越低时保温效果越明显,森林对气候变化缓解能力比农田强。(4)不同的林种,不同的时间降温效果不同,针叶林类样点在2、3月份,即冬末春初,LST与NDVI出现明显的低谷。(5)LST变化与NDVI变化的相关性比LST变化于降水的变化的相关性强。(6)林区分布的对大气水汽含量的日变化影响不显著。
本研究的主要创新点有以下3个方面:(1)在山东省省域尺度上,利用遥感反演的温度数据对山东省森林调节温度的生态服务功能进行了分析研究,为森林生态服务功能的评估研究提供了新的技术手段;(2)对不同时间森林调节温度的数据进行了量化分析,以统计数据位基础,得出了森林调节温度的相关规律;(3)对比分析了森林和农田在调节温度、响应气候变化等方面的异同
Increasingly serious global climate change and environmental problems protrude the forest ecological value, making people recognize day by day that ecological system can provide tremendous economic value to mankind on condition that the forest ecological service is deeply and quantitatively studied. Hence, the task can help to promote reasonable exploitation of natural resources and be beneficial to ecosystem protection and, ultimately, to human self sustainable development. With the development of the modern science technology, tools, methods and technical means in forest resources monitoring and management represented by 3S(GPS, GIS& RS)are getting wide application in the study on forest ecological service.
The paper takes Shandong Province's forest resources as the object of study , with the support of 3S technology and statistics data, studies on the air temperature regulation of forest resource ecological service. The ecological services of air temperature regulation for different tree species and different seasons during 2000-2006 in Shandong province are quantitatively studied by using TM data, MODIS temperature, vegetation index, the field surveying data and the meteorological data in Shandong, combining with GIS. This study provides theoretical basis for afforestation planning and management and dynamic update of forest resource, it also provides new technological means for the study on forest ecological service and promotes forestry sustainable management and development in Shandong .
The conclusions of the paper are as followed:
1)In summer forest has temperature decrease function, mainly manifests in May to September; In winter it has heat preservation function, mainly displays in November to February, the heat preservation effect is inferior than decreasing temperature effect does.2) LST (Land Surface Temperature) has negative correlation with the NDVI in the day, however, in the evening, LST has no correlation with NDVI at all. In Summer LST and NDVI are the inverse correlation relations, but in the winter they are positive correlation , that is in summer forest plays the temperature decrease role, in the winter it funtions as heat preservation. The smaller the area coverage is, the stronger LST and the NDVI relevance is. 3) The temperature change in forest is less than that in farmlands and cities, forest functions more temperature control than farmland; decreasing temperatuer effect is more obvious when the forest temperature is higher in summer, the effect of keeping warmth is rather obvious when the temperature is lower in the winter. Compared to farmand, forest is more powerful for climatic change and extreme value weather alleviation. 4) Decrease effect is different from various species and different time , the coniferous forest class in late winter and early spring is pretter lower. 5) LST and NDVI change has stronger relevance than LST and precipitation's change. 6) Forest region distribution is not remarkable to atmospheric water vapor diurnal variation.
The main innovations are as follows: (1)Among Shandong territory criterion, an analytical study on ecological service function on forest attenperaton has been conducted by using the remote sensing inversion's temperature data. The study provided the new technological means for appraisal research on forest ecological service function. 2) has carried on the quantification analysis to forest attemperation's data at different time, based on statistical data, has obtained regularity of forest attemperation; (3) A contrastive analysis for similarities and differences between forest and farmland has been done in aspect on attemperation and climatic change.
引文
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