基于铁路网络的中国经济联系分析
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摘要
城市作为一个开放的复杂经济系统,其发展离不开与其他区域的联系。城市联系是劳动地域分工的产物,是城市经济发展的内在要求和必要条件,它以发达的交通网络和现代化的通讯设施等条件为支撑,以人口、资源等生产要素的流动和产业联系为主要内容。区域中城市间拥有较高的联系强度是区域发展演化的原动力,同时也是区域形成城市密集区或者城市群的前提条件。随着经济全球化与区域经济一体化进程的不断加快,区域内部和区域之间的各种社会经济现象的联系更加密切与复杂,区域空间联系及区域空间相互作用已经成为区域地理学、经济地理学研究的重点,而城市经济联系则引起越来越多的学者运用不同的方法从不同角度进行关注和研究。
本文从城市之间的空间联系和功能联系的理论探讨出发,选择中国287个地级市作为研究对象,通过对基于铁路交通网络的经济联系强度和城市流强度的定量计算与分析,研究中国地级市的基于铁路交通网络的空间经济联系格局。
本文的研究内容分为四部分：第一部分为经济联系国内外研究进展,总结国内外对经济联系的研究情况,分析经济联系的研究进展与存在不足；第二部分为城市间经济联系概念与相关模型研究；第三部分为基于铁路交通网络的中国地级市经济联系研究,包括空间联系和功能联系,首先通过中国各城市经济联系强度的测算,确定了各地级市的主要经济联系方向,其次利用城市流强度来测度和分析地级市对外服务的变化,并通过城市流强度对城市规模等级进行分类；第四部分为结论。
结果表明：基于铁路交通的中国城市空间联系差异明显,总体空间格局为东部沿海地区联系紧密,中西部地区联系较为松散；基于铁路交通网络的中国各地级市之间经济联系日渐紧密；基于铁路交通网络的中国经济联系辐射中心为北京、上海、广州、成都；基于铁路交通网络的中国地级市经济联系格局基本与城镇群分布吻合。
As open complex systems of economy, cities can hardly survive and develop without the interaction with other regions. Considered as the internal requirement and necessary condition of city's economic development, the interrelations among cities, including the flow of such production factors as human and resources as well as the industrial connections, are due to the territorial division of labour, and supported by well developed transportation network and modernized communication facility. The higher relation intensity among cities in a region is supposed to be the motive power of the development and evolution of the whole region, and the precondition of the formation of metropolis or urban agglomeration in the region. With the acceleration of economic globalization and regional economic integration, the interrelations of various socio-economic phenomenon within a region or among regions are becoming increasingly close and complicated. Therefore, the spatial relation and interaction of regions play an essential role in regional geography and economic geography, and the study on economic relations among cities attracts more concern and research by scholars of many fields from different perspectives.
Having begun with theoretical discussion on spatial and functional relations among cities, this paper then makes quantitative calculation and analysis such as economic relation intensity and urban flow intensity based on the railway network, in order to clarify the spatial pattern of economic relations amongst287prefecture cities of China.
The content of this study can be divided into four parts:Part1includes research progress of economic relations both domestic and aboard, in which related points of view and deficiency are concluded; Part2firstly presents relative concepts of economic relations among cities, then makes a research on the associated models; Part3is the empirical study of economic relations, both spatial and functional, among prefecture cities in China from the perspective of railway network, which firstly ensure the direction of major economic relations among cities by calculating economic relation intensity, then measure and analyze the change of outer service of cities by computing urban flow intensity and also through which urban scale grade are classified; Part4makes a conclusion finally.
The result proves as follows:the spatial relations of China's prefecture cities based on railway network have remarkable differences, with the general spatial pattern that cities are close-related in the east while relatively loosen in the mid and west; from the perspective of railway network, economic relations among cities in China are becoming increasingly close; the radiation centers caused by economic interrelations of China's cities based on railway network are Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu; the spatial pattern of economic relations among cities of China based on the railway network shows a high level of similarity to urban agglomerations.
本文从城市之间的空间联系和功能联系的理论探讨出发,选择中国287个地级市作为研究对象,通过对基于铁路交通网络的经济联系强度和城市流强度的定量计算与分析,研究中国地级市的基于铁路交通网络的空间经济联系格局。
本文的研究内容分为四部分：第一部分为经济联系国内外研究进展,总结国内外对经济联系的研究情况,分析经济联系的研究进展与存在不足；第二部分为城市间经济联系概念与相关模型研究；第三部分为基于铁路交通网络的中国地级市经济联系研究,包括空间联系和功能联系,首先通过中国各城市经济联系强度的测算,确定了各地级市的主要经济联系方向,其次利用城市流强度来测度和分析地级市对外服务的变化,并通过城市流强度对城市规模等级进行分类；第四部分为结论。
结果表明：基于铁路交通的中国城市空间联系差异明显,总体空间格局为东部沿海地区联系紧密,中西部地区联系较为松散；基于铁路交通网络的中国各地级市之间经济联系日渐紧密；基于铁路交通网络的中国经济联系辐射中心为北京、上海、广州、成都；基于铁路交通网络的中国地级市经济联系格局基本与城镇群分布吻合。
As open complex systems of economy, cities can hardly survive and develop without the interaction with other regions. Considered as the internal requirement and necessary condition of city's economic development, the interrelations among cities, including the flow of such production factors as human and resources as well as the industrial connections, are due to the territorial division of labour, and supported by well developed transportation network and modernized communication facility. The higher relation intensity among cities in a region is supposed to be the motive power of the development and evolution of the whole region, and the precondition of the formation of metropolis or urban agglomeration in the region. With the acceleration of economic globalization and regional economic integration, the interrelations of various socio-economic phenomenon within a region or among regions are becoming increasingly close and complicated. Therefore, the spatial relation and interaction of regions play an essential role in regional geography and economic geography, and the study on economic relations among cities attracts more concern and research by scholars of many fields from different perspectives.
Having begun with theoretical discussion on spatial and functional relations among cities, this paper then makes quantitative calculation and analysis such as economic relation intensity and urban flow intensity based on the railway network, in order to clarify the spatial pattern of economic relations amongst287prefecture cities of China.
The content of this study can be divided into four parts:Part1includes research progress of economic relations both domestic and aboard, in which related points of view and deficiency are concluded; Part2firstly presents relative concepts of economic relations among cities, then makes a research on the associated models; Part3is the empirical study of economic relations, both spatial and functional, among prefecture cities in China from the perspective of railway network, which firstly ensure the direction of major economic relations among cities by calculating economic relation intensity, then measure and analyze the change of outer service of cities by computing urban flow intensity and also through which urban scale grade are classified; Part4makes a conclusion finally.
The result proves as follows:the spatial relations of China's prefecture cities based on railway network have remarkable differences, with the general spatial pattern that cities are close-related in the east while relatively loosen in the mid and west; from the perspective of railway network, economic relations among cities in China are becoming increasingly close; the radiation centers caused by economic interrelations of China's cities based on railway network are Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu; the spatial pattern of economic relations among cities of China based on the railway network shows a high level of similarity to urban agglomerations.
引文
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[2]熊剑平,刘承良,袁俊.国外城市群经济联系空间研究进展[J].世界地理研究,2006,15(1)：63-70.
[3]周一星.城市地理学[M].北京：商务印书馆,1995：360-361.
[4]李俊峰,焦华富.江淮城市群空间联系及整合模式[J].地理研究,2010,29(3)：535-543.
[5]Harris C D. A Functional Classification of Cities in the United States [J]. Geographical Review,1943,33(2):86-99.
[6]孟德友,陆玉麒.基于引力模型的江苏区域经济联系强度与方向[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(5)：697-704.
[7]冷炳荣,杨永春等.中国城市经济网络结构空间特征及其复杂性分析[J].地理学报,2011,66(2)：199-211.
[8]韩会然,焦华富,李俊峰,王荣荣.皖江城市带空间经济联系变化特征的网络分析及机理研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(3)：384-389.
[9]王海江,苗长虹,等.中国省域经济联系的空间格局及其变化[J].经济地理,2012,32(7)：18-23.
[10]赵林,韩增林,马慧强.中原经济区城市内在经济联系分析[J].经济地理,2012,32(3)：57-62.
[11]李国平,王立明,杨开忠.深圳与珠江三角洲区域经济联系的测度及分析[J].经济地理,2001,21(1)：33-37.
[12]张虹鸥,叶玉瑶,等.珠江三角洲城市群城市流强度研究[J].地域研究与开发,2004,23(6)：53-56.
[13]朱英明,于念文.沪宁杭城市密集区城市流研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2002(1)：31-33.
[14]姜海宁,陆玉麒,吕国庆.江浙沪主要中心城市对外经济联系的测度分析[J].地理科学进展,2008,27(6)：82-89.
[15]郑国,赵群毅.山东半岛城市群主要经济联系方向研究[J].地域研究与开发,2004,23(5)：51-54.
[16]曹红阳,王士君.黑龙江省东部城市密集区城市流强度分析[J].人文地理,2007(2)：81-86.
[17]乔旭宁,杨德刚,等.基于经济联系强度的乌鲁木齐都市圈空间结构研究[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(6)：86-95.
[18]刘承良,余瑞林,熊剑平等.武汉都市圈经济联系的空间结构[J].地理研究,2007,26(1)：197-209.
[19]姜博,修春亮,陈才.辽中南城市群城市流分析与模型阐释[J].经济地理,2008,28(5)：853-856.
[20]姜博,修春亮,赵映慧.十五时期环渤海城市群经济联系分析[J].地理科学,2009,29(3)：347-352.
[21]陈群元,宋玉祥.基于城市流视角的环长株潭城市群空间联系分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(11)：1840-1844.
[22]潘中艺.基于分工的辽宁沿海经济带城市间经济联系研究[J].经济纵 横,2011(11)：115-117.
[23]赵雪雁,江进德,张丽等.皖江城市带城市经济联系与中心城市辐射范围分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(2)：218-223.
[24]周一星,张莉.中国大陆对外经济联系的空间格局[J].经济地理,2000,20(1)：18-24.
[25]周一星.主要经济联系方向论[J].城市规划,1998(2)：22-25.
[26]苗长虹,王海江.河南省城市的经济联系方向与强度——兼论中原城市群的形成与对外联系[J].地理研究,2006,25(2)：22-32.
[27]王士君,高群,王丹.城市相互作用关系的一种新模式——近域城市整合研究[J].地理科学,2001,21(6)：558-563.
[28]戴学珍.论京津空间相互作用[J].地理科学,2002,22(3)：257-262.
[29]顾朝林,张敏,等.长江三角洲城市群发展展望[J].地理科学,2007,27(1)：1-8.
[30]钟业喜,陆玉麒.基于铁路网络的中国城市等级体系与分布格局[J].地理研究,2011,30(5)：785-794.
[31]孟德友,陆玉麒.高速铁路对河南沿线城市可达性及经济联系的影响[J].地理科学,2011,31(5)：537-543.
[32]孟德友,陆玉麒.基于铁路客运网络的省际可达性及经济联系格局[J].地理研究,2012,31(1)：107-122.
[33]陈永林,钟业喜,周炳喜.基于交通通达性的江西省设区市经济联系分析[J].热带地理,2012,32(2)：121-127.
[32]孟德友,陆玉麒.基于铁路客运网络的省际可达性及经济联系格局[J].地理研究,2012,31(1)：107-122.
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