基于ArcObjects的区域经济发展潜力空间可视化研究
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摘要
区域经济的存在和发展依托其所在的地理空间,对区域经济空间的研究可以参考地理空间和物理空间的某些方法来进行。而将区域经济、物理空间和地理空间结合起来的最重要理论就是经济空间场理论。本文以经济空间场理论为基础,探讨区域经济发展潜力的空间特性,并尝试对其形成的区域经济发展潜力场效应进行模拟分析和可视化。
区域经济空间结构的演变有明显的空间特性,运用ArcGIS工具来分析区域经济状况一方面可以存储和管理包含有空间信息的经济数据；另一方面可以借助图形思维分析和模拟区域经济空间结构的演变；此外还可以基于ArcGIS的开发平台,使用通用编程语言对区域经济进行更高级的时空模拟分析。本文选择ArcGIS内嵌的开发环境VBA对区域发展潜力空间场效应进行了模拟。
经济空间场理论表明：经济空间场具有连续性,作为场源的点要素对周围媒体具有集聚和辐射的特性。本文应用ArcObjects提供的大量可编程组件定制区域发展潜力工具栏,实现了以下功能：1.将空间单元的经济属性数据赋予地图上相应区域的行政中心点；2.选择合适的空间内插方法来研究区域经济属性的空间演变结构；3.由于多个经济要素场可以在同一空间交合、叠加,不同的叠加方式将形成不同效果经济发展场,所以本文根据多元线性回归分析中得到的区域经济发展潜力与各经济要素的数量关系模型,对各经济要素场加权叠加,得到区域经济发展潜力场效应图,实现对区域经济发展潜力的空间可视化。
为了验证区域经济发展潜力空间可视化模型的实用性,本文选择安仁县作为实证对象。通过研究2008年安仁县各乡镇经济要素场叠加形成的经济发展潜力场,来分析由它们组成的区域经济空间结构,从而从整体上把握安仁县区域经济发展潜力状况的空间布局,对具有积极影响的经济要素进行有针对性的吸收和引进,促进安仁县域经济要素有效配置、产业结构调整升级和经济的可持续发展。
Since the existence and development of regional economy is based on the geographic space in which they are located. From this view, there provides a new thought for the study of the layout of regional economic space, that the research on regional economic space can refer some methods in geographic space and physical space. The most important theory which combine regional economy, physical space and geographic space is economic space field theory. The paper, based on the economic space field theory, is going to explore the spatial characteristics of potential for regional economic development and do simulation analysis for the formed field effect.
Because the evolution of spatial structure of regional economy has a significant spatial characteristics, geography technology can be used for the research of regional economy. Using ArcGIS tools to analyze the regional economy, on the one hand you can store and manage spatial economic data better; on the other hand, you can analyze and simulate the evolution for spatial structure of regional economy through the graphical thinking. In particular, based on the development platform of ArcGIS, using a general programming language can comply more advanced simulation of time and space for regional economy. The paper choose VBA developing environment ebedded in ArcGIS desktop edition to simulate the spatial field effect formed by the potential for regional economic development.
Field theory of economic space consider point elements as the field source has concentration and radiation characteristic on the surrounding media and economic space field has salient continuity. The paper customed toolbar of regional development potential model by using a large number of programmable ArcObjects components. It realize the function as following:firstly, the economic property data of the space unit is given to the corresponding region on the map of administration center; secondly, select appropriate spatial interpolation method to study the evolution of the spatial structure for the regional economic properties;third, as a number of economic factors field can exist in the same space, and different way to superposition produce different result, so according to the economic factors model between regional development potential and economic factors, which is the result of multiple linear regression analysis, superposing economic factor fields will get field-effect diagram of regional development potential and realize the spatial visualization of the potential for regional economic development.
AnRen county is chosen as the empirical subject in order to verify the practicality of the spatial visualization model of potential for regional economic development. By studying the development potential field of AnRen county in 2008 formed by superposition of economic factor field to analyze the spatial structure of regional economy. It helps to grasp the overall space layout of regional development potential in AnRen county and help to introduce economic elements which have positive impact on regional development, promote the reasonable allocation of economic resources, adjust industrial structure and maintain sustainable economic development.
区域经济空间结构的演变有明显的空间特性,运用ArcGIS工具来分析区域经济状况一方面可以存储和管理包含有空间信息的经济数据；另一方面可以借助图形思维分析和模拟区域经济空间结构的演变；此外还可以基于ArcGIS的开发平台,使用通用编程语言对区域经济进行更高级的时空模拟分析。本文选择ArcGIS内嵌的开发环境VBA对区域发展潜力空间场效应进行了模拟。
经济空间场理论表明：经济空间场具有连续性,作为场源的点要素对周围媒体具有集聚和辐射的特性。本文应用ArcObjects提供的大量可编程组件定制区域发展潜力工具栏,实现了以下功能：1.将空间单元的经济属性数据赋予地图上相应区域的行政中心点；2.选择合适的空间内插方法来研究区域经济属性的空间演变结构；3.由于多个经济要素场可以在同一空间交合、叠加,不同的叠加方式将形成不同效果经济发展场,所以本文根据多元线性回归分析中得到的区域经济发展潜力与各经济要素的数量关系模型,对各经济要素场加权叠加,得到区域经济发展潜力场效应图,实现对区域经济发展潜力的空间可视化。
为了验证区域经济发展潜力空间可视化模型的实用性,本文选择安仁县作为实证对象。通过研究2008年安仁县各乡镇经济要素场叠加形成的经济发展潜力场,来分析由它们组成的区域经济空间结构,从而从整体上把握安仁县区域经济发展潜力状况的空间布局,对具有积极影响的经济要素进行有针对性的吸收和引进,促进安仁县域经济要素有效配置、产业结构调整升级和经济的可持续发展。
Since the existence and development of regional economy is based on the geographic space in which they are located. From this view, there provides a new thought for the study of the layout of regional economic space, that the research on regional economic space can refer some methods in geographic space and physical space. The most important theory which combine regional economy, physical space and geographic space is economic space field theory. The paper, based on the economic space field theory, is going to explore the spatial characteristics of potential for regional economic development and do simulation analysis for the formed field effect.
Because the evolution of spatial structure of regional economy has a significant spatial characteristics, geography technology can be used for the research of regional economy. Using ArcGIS tools to analyze the regional economy, on the one hand you can store and manage spatial economic data better; on the other hand, you can analyze and simulate the evolution for spatial structure of regional economy through the graphical thinking. In particular, based on the development platform of ArcGIS, using a general programming language can comply more advanced simulation of time and space for regional economy. The paper choose VBA developing environment ebedded in ArcGIS desktop edition to simulate the spatial field effect formed by the potential for regional economic development.
Field theory of economic space consider point elements as the field source has concentration and radiation characteristic on the surrounding media and economic space field has salient continuity. The paper customed toolbar of regional development potential model by using a large number of programmable ArcObjects components. It realize the function as following:firstly, the economic property data of the space unit is given to the corresponding region on the map of administration center; secondly, select appropriate spatial interpolation method to study the evolution of the spatial structure for the regional economic properties;third, as a number of economic factors field can exist in the same space, and different way to superposition produce different result, so according to the economic factors model between regional development potential and economic factors, which is the result of multiple linear regression analysis, superposing economic factor fields will get field-effect diagram of regional development potential and realize the spatial visualization of the potential for regional economic development.
AnRen county is chosen as the empirical subject in order to verify the practicality of the spatial visualization model of potential for regional economic development. By studying the development potential field of AnRen county in 2008 formed by superposition of economic factor field to analyze the spatial structure of regional economy. It helps to grasp the overall space layout of regional development potential in AnRen county and help to introduce economic elements which have positive impact on regional development, promote the reasonable allocation of economic resources, adjust industrial structure and maintain sustainable economic development.
引文
[1]陆大道.区位论及区域研究方法[M],北京：科学出版社,1988.
[2]曾几银,冯宗宪.经济空间场理论研究述评[J].理论建设,2001,(1)：29-33.
[3]赵军凯,张爱社.“发展场”理论及其在区域经济可持续发展中的应用[J].科教文汇,2006,12：129-130.
[4]翁翼飞,张麟.“发展场”与区域可持续发展[J].焦作工学院学报(社会科学版),2003,4(2)：111-114.
[5]冯宗宪.经济空间场理论及中国东西部区域关系研究[M].西安：陕西人民出版社.2000.
[6]杨先卫,阎理.基于场理论的经济空间分析探讨[J].经济地理,2006,26(1)：20-22.
[7]蒋波涛ArcObjects开发基础与技巧[M],武汉：武汉大学出版社,2006.
[8]W.Isad. Introduction to Regional Science. Prentice—Hall Inc,1975.
[9]E.M.Hoover. An Introduction to Regional Economics.1975.
[10]G..Myrdal. Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions. Duck—Worth,1957.
[11]F.Perroux. The Concept of Growth Pole.Applied Economics(8)1955.pp.307—320.
[12]周起业.区域经济学[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社,1989,122—159.
[13]肖国安.经济场简论[J],经济学动态,1995.2.29—34.
[14]陈小素,乔旭宁.基于GIS的区域经济空间结构演化研究[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(3)120-123.
[15]Goodchild M F. A spatial analytical perspective on geographical information systems [J]. Int. J. Geographical Information Systems,1987,1(4):327—334.
[16]陈斐.基于空间统计分析与GIS的区域经济分析研究[D].武汉：武汉大学博士学位论文,2002.
[17]叶明.基于GIS的宁波区域经济数据空间分析[J].宁波大学学报,2003,16(3)：235～239.
[18]唐根年,徐维祥,卢丽华.基于GIS的区域经济差异特分区研究[J].经济师,2002(9)：238-239.
[19]Ding Y M, Fotheringham A S. The integration of spatial analysis and GIS [J]. Comput., Environ. and Urban Systems,16 (1):3—19.
[20]Goodchild M F. A Spatial Analytical Perspective on Geographical Information Systems. Int.J. Geographical Information Systems,1987,1(4):327-334.
[21]胡鹏,黄杏元,华一新.地理信息系统教程[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2002.
[22]冯占春.区域要素流与区域经济可持续发展.[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,33(2)：296-300.
[23]米子川.统计软件方法[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2002.
[24]欧维义.场的数学描述方法[M].长春：吉林人民出版社,1982.
[25]马仁锋,沈玉芳.省域尺度县域综合发展潜力评价指标体系研究[J].世界地理究,2009,(3)：32-36.
[26]Anselin L. Spatial Econometrics:Methods and Models [M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic,1988.
[27]Fischer M, Scholten H, Unwim D. Spatial analytic perspectives in GIS [M]. London:Taylor & Francis,1996.
[28]潘志强,刘高焕.面插值的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2002,(2)：146-152.
[29]厚景新,尹卫红.区域经济分析方法[M],北京：商务印书馆,2005.
[30]金鑫,王合生,涂俊,等.用“多因子空间叠加法”评价城市区域环境综合质量[J].环境检测管理与技术,2002,(3)：24-26.
[31]杨克诚.GIS软件实验指导书[M],昆明：云南大学出版社,2009.
[32]吴秀芹,?,?,等ArcGIS9.0地理信息系统应用与实践[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
[33]荀文会,刘友兆.资源场理论与土地利用的空间均衡配置[J].广东土地科学,2005,4(5)：24-28.
[34]徐冠华,承继成.数字城市——理论、方法与运用序[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[35]裴发展,陈陪久.面向对象建模与UML研究[J].河北省科学院学报,2001,18(4)：211-214.
[36]Lewis S. Use of geographical information systems in transportation modeling[J].ITE Journal,1990,(3):34—38.
[37]王峰.基于GIS与VBA的公路CAD技术应用研究[D].郑州：郑州大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[38]邹平,吴健平.利用AO扩展ArcGIS中建筑物三维可视化功能[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2004,12(6)：46-51.
[39]兰小机,刘德儿ArcObjects GIS应用开发[M],南昌：江西理工大学,2006.
[40]张超.地理信息系统应用教程[M],北京：科学出版社,2007.基恩·泽拉兹尼.用图表说话[M].长春：长春出版社,2002.
[41]沈大林等,VisualBasic.Net实例教程[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[42]]郭庆胜,王晓延,地理信息系统工程设计与管理[M],武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[43]基恩·泽拉兹尼.用图表说话[M].长春：长春出版社,2002.
[44]王晓军.多指标综合评价中指标无量纲化方法的探讨[J].人口研究,1993,15(3)：81-84.
[45]张红兵等SPSS宝典[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[2]曾几银,冯宗宪.经济空间场理论研究述评[J].理论建设,2001,(1)：29-33.
[3]赵军凯,张爱社.“发展场”理论及其在区域经济可持续发展中的应用[J].科教文汇,2006,12：129-130.
[4]翁翼飞,张麟.“发展场”与区域可持续发展[J].焦作工学院学报(社会科学版),2003,4(2)：111-114.
[5]冯宗宪.经济空间场理论及中国东西部区域关系研究[M].西安：陕西人民出版社.2000.
[6]杨先卫,阎理.基于场理论的经济空间分析探讨[J].经济地理,2006,26(1)：20-22.
[7]蒋波涛ArcObjects开发基础与技巧[M],武汉：武汉大学出版社,2006.
[8]W.Isad. Introduction to Regional Science. Prentice—Hall Inc,1975.
[9]E.M.Hoover. An Introduction to Regional Economics.1975.
[10]G..Myrdal. Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions. Duck—Worth,1957.
[11]F.Perroux. The Concept of Growth Pole.Applied Economics(8)1955.pp.307—320.
[12]周起业.区域经济学[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社,1989,122—159.
[13]肖国安.经济场简论[J],经济学动态,1995.2.29—34.
[14]陈小素,乔旭宁.基于GIS的区域经济空间结构演化研究[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(3)120-123.
[15]Goodchild M F. A spatial analytical perspective on geographical information systems [J]. Int. J. Geographical Information Systems,1987,1(4):327—334.
[16]陈斐.基于空间统计分析与GIS的区域经济分析研究[D].武汉：武汉大学博士学位论文,2002.
[17]叶明.基于GIS的宁波区域经济数据空间分析[J].宁波大学学报,2003,16(3)：235～239.
[18]唐根年,徐维祥,卢丽华.基于GIS的区域经济差异特分区研究[J].经济师,2002(9)：238-239.
[19]Ding Y M, Fotheringham A S. The integration of spatial analysis and GIS [J]. Comput., Environ. and Urban Systems,16 (1):3—19.
[20]Goodchild M F. A Spatial Analytical Perspective on Geographical Information Systems. Int.J. Geographical Information Systems,1987,1(4):327-334.
[21]胡鹏,黄杏元,华一新.地理信息系统教程[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2002.
[22]冯占春.区域要素流与区域经济可持续发展.[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,33(2)：296-300.
[23]米子川.统计软件方法[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2002.
[24]欧维义.场的数学描述方法[M].长春：吉林人民出版社,1982.
[25]马仁锋,沈玉芳.省域尺度县域综合发展潜力评价指标体系研究[J].世界地理究,2009,(3)：32-36.
[26]Anselin L. Spatial Econometrics:Methods and Models [M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic,1988.
[27]Fischer M, Scholten H, Unwim D. Spatial analytic perspectives in GIS [M]. London:Taylor & Francis,1996.
[28]潘志强,刘高焕.面插值的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2002,(2)：146-152.
[29]厚景新,尹卫红.区域经济分析方法[M],北京：商务印书馆,2005.
[30]金鑫,王合生,涂俊,等.用“多因子空间叠加法”评价城市区域环境综合质量[J].环境检测管理与技术,2002,(3)：24-26.
[31]杨克诚.GIS软件实验指导书[M],昆明：云南大学出版社,2009.
[32]吴秀芹,?,?,等ArcGIS9.0地理信息系统应用与实践[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
[33]荀文会,刘友兆.资源场理论与土地利用的空间均衡配置[J].广东土地科学,2005,4(5)：24-28.
[34]徐冠华,承继成.数字城市——理论、方法与运用序[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[35]裴发展,陈陪久.面向对象建模与UML研究[J].河北省科学院学报,2001,18(4)：211-214.
[36]Lewis S. Use of geographical information systems in transportation modeling[J].ITE Journal,1990,(3):34—38.
[37]王峰.基于GIS与VBA的公路CAD技术应用研究[D].郑州：郑州大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[38]邹平,吴健平.利用AO扩展ArcGIS中建筑物三维可视化功能[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2004,12(6)：46-51.
[39]兰小机,刘德儿ArcObjects GIS应用开发[M],南昌：江西理工大学,2006.
[40]张超.地理信息系统应用教程[M],北京：科学出版社,2007.基恩·泽拉兹尼.用图表说话[M].长春：长春出版社,2002.
[41]沈大林等,VisualBasic.Net实例教程[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[42]]郭庆胜,王晓延,地理信息系统工程设计与管理[M],武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[43]基恩·泽拉兹尼.用图表说话[M].长春：长春出版社,2002.
[44]王晓军.多指标综合评价中指标无量纲化方法的探讨[J].人口研究,1993,15(3)：81-84.
[45]张红兵等SPSS宝典[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.