真空气淬和普通油淬对环模性能异同性的研究
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摘要
颗粒机广泛用于饲料成套工艺,环模是颗粒机的核心部件,环模的使用寿命、性能的优劣直接影响饲料厂家的经济效益,影响环模性能的除原材料、机加工工艺外,主要取决于其热处理工艺,市场环模热处理有普通油淬处理和真空气淬处理。真空气淬具有无氧化、表面光洁度好、变形量小等特点,在模具热处理领域有着广泛的应用前景。为了探索真空气淬对4Cr13环模耐磨性能的影响规律,本文通过普通油淬热处理和真空气淬热处理方法的对比实验,深入系统的研究了机械性能及耐磨性能的变化规律,并利用现代分析方法对不同工艺处理后的试样进行了详细分析与评价,完成的主要工作及取得的主要成果如下:
1、详细观察了环模失效的宏观断口形貌,分析了4Cr13不锈钢磨损断裂的几种典型形式及机理,为改善环模的耐磨性能提供了重要的理论指导。
2、对真空热处理升温冷却特性、不同淬火介质对表面光沽度的影响、真空淬火对材料综合力学性能的提高进行了详细分析,为进一步优化真空气淬工艺具有一定的指导意义。
3、对6.0VVPT-EH-50/50型真空淬火炉及RX2-50-13型普通中高温箱式炉的特点及参数进行了对比分析,为保证真空气淬工艺的稳定性提供了硬件条件,同时考虑了环模的炉内摆放结构,实现了环模变形量小,受热均匀等热处理效果。
4、设计了磨损试样、冲击试样、拉伸试样和拉伸试样的夹具,并运用统计分析法对热处理试样进行了准确分析。
5、对真空气淬和普通油淬试样的硬度、耐磨性、拉伸性能及冲击性能进行了综合测试。结果表明:普通油淬的环模硬度为HRC51.2、试样的抗拉强度为1000MPa、冲击功为5.12J;真空气淬环模硬度为HRC52.8,试样的抗拉强度为1283Mpa,断冲击功为10J。
6、通过相同载荷不同时间和相同时间不同载荷两组耐磨性能对比实验,结果显示:真空气淬由于内部组织相对细小,分布比较均匀,其耐磨性相比普通油淬可以提高20%～50%,使环模耐磨损寿命得到明显提高。
Vacuum air quenching have no oxidation, surface finish, and the characteristics of a small amount of deformation, so it has broad application prospects in the field of mold heat treatment. In order to explore the vacuum air quenching 4Cr13 ring die on the effect of the law of resistance, the article discusses about the differences between quenching heat treatment by ordinary oil and vacuum air quenching, the changes of the resistance are investigated in detail by modern analytical methods, The main research work done and the results obtained in this dissertation are as follows:
1. The typical macro- fracture surfaces of stainless steel wear 4Crl 3 ring die are observed in detail, and the wear mechanism is also discussed, which provide an important theoretical guidance to improve the resistance of ring die.
2. The characteristics of raising temperature and the cooling down are investigated; effects of different quenching medium on surface finish are also studied, and on improving mechanical properties of materials are analyzed in detail.
3. The characteristics and parameters of the vacuum quenching furnace typed 6.0VVPT-EH-50/50 and ordinary box-type furnace RX2-50-13 are analyzed, which provide hardware conditions of the stability of vacuum air quenching .In the meantime, the display of ring die in the furnace, the deformation and the temperature uniform are discussed.
4. The samples of the wear and tear, impact and tensile specimens are made and analysis is carried by modern analytical methods.
5. Hardness, abrasion resistance, tensile properties and impact properties are tested, the results indicated the oil-quenched values are HRC51.2; tensile strength of 1000MPa; impact energy is 5.12J, and the vacuum air- quenched values are HRC52.8, tensile strength of 1283Mpa, impact energy is 10J.
6. Two different experiments are investigated at the conditions of the same load and different times, the same time and different load. Small-sized distributed internal organization and high wear-resistances are obtained. The effective life of ring die increased by 20% to 50%.
1、详细观察了环模失效的宏观断口形貌,分析了4Cr13不锈钢磨损断裂的几种典型形式及机理,为改善环模的耐磨性能提供了重要的理论指导。
2、对真空热处理升温冷却特性、不同淬火介质对表面光沽度的影响、真空淬火对材料综合力学性能的提高进行了详细分析,为进一步优化真空气淬工艺具有一定的指导意义。
3、对6.0VVPT-EH-50/50型真空淬火炉及RX2-50-13型普通中高温箱式炉的特点及参数进行了对比分析,为保证真空气淬工艺的稳定性提供了硬件条件,同时考虑了环模的炉内摆放结构,实现了环模变形量小,受热均匀等热处理效果。
4、设计了磨损试样、冲击试样、拉伸试样和拉伸试样的夹具,并运用统计分析法对热处理试样进行了准确分析。
5、对真空气淬和普通油淬试样的硬度、耐磨性、拉伸性能及冲击性能进行了综合测试。结果表明:普通油淬的环模硬度为HRC51.2、试样的抗拉强度为1000MPa、冲击功为5.12J;真空气淬环模硬度为HRC52.8,试样的抗拉强度为1283Mpa,断冲击功为10J。
6、通过相同载荷不同时间和相同时间不同载荷两组耐磨性能对比实验,结果显示:真空气淬由于内部组织相对细小,分布比较均匀,其耐磨性相比普通油淬可以提高20%～50%,使环模耐磨损寿命得到明显提高。
Vacuum air quenching have no oxidation, surface finish, and the characteristics of a small amount of deformation, so it has broad application prospects in the field of mold heat treatment. In order to explore the vacuum air quenching 4Cr13 ring die on the effect of the law of resistance, the article discusses about the differences between quenching heat treatment by ordinary oil and vacuum air quenching, the changes of the resistance are investigated in detail by modern analytical methods, The main research work done and the results obtained in this dissertation are as follows:
1. The typical macro- fracture surfaces of stainless steel wear 4Crl 3 ring die are observed in detail, and the wear mechanism is also discussed, which provide an important theoretical guidance to improve the resistance of ring die.
2. The characteristics of raising temperature and the cooling down are investigated; effects of different quenching medium on surface finish are also studied, and on improving mechanical properties of materials are analyzed in detail.
3. The characteristics and parameters of the vacuum quenching furnace typed 6.0VVPT-EH-50/50 and ordinary box-type furnace RX2-50-13 are analyzed, which provide hardware conditions of the stability of vacuum air quenching .In the meantime, the display of ring die in the furnace, the deformation and the temperature uniform are discussed.
4. The samples of the wear and tear, impact and tensile specimens are made and analysis is carried by modern analytical methods.
5. Hardness, abrasion resistance, tensile properties and impact properties are tested, the results indicated the oil-quenched values are HRC51.2; tensile strength of 1000MPa; impact energy is 5.12J, and the vacuum air- quenched values are HRC52.8, tensile strength of 1283Mpa, impact energy is 10J.
6. Two different experiments are investigated at the conditions of the same load and different times, the same time and different load. Small-sized distributed internal organization and high wear-resistances are obtained. The effective life of ring die increased by 20% to 50%.
引文
[1]Robert McEllhiey.饲料制粒展望,粮食与饲料工业出版社,1989年.6
[2]袁洪岭.饲料制粒工艺新趋向 中国饲料1999年.6:7
[4]马登杰,韩立民.真空热处理原理与工艺[M],机械工业出版社,1988.2
[5]何英介.金属材料的真空热处理[M],上海科学技术出版社,1981.8
[6]阎成沛.真空热处理工艺与设备[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1998.10
[7]刘仁家,濮绍雄.真空热处理与设备[M],宁航出版社,1984.9
[8]James G.Conbear.Improoing Produductivity of Vacuum Heat Treating Equipment[J].Heat Treating,1977,10(7):24-32
[9]何奖爱,王玉玮.材料磨损与耐磨材料[M],东北大学出版社,2001
[10]邵荷生,张清.金属的磨料磨损与耐磨材料[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1988:224-227.
[11]P.K.Bagchi.A.Ghosh.Effect of Magnetic Field on Wear of Characteristics of Cutting Tools.J,Inst Eng,India,1970
[12]戴雄杰.摩擦学基础[M],上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984:78-81
[13]热处理手册编委会,热处理手册第3卷[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[14]张建国.我国真空热处理概况及讨论,北京:全国热处理协会会议,1996
[15]刘迨.关于我国热处理生产技术改造的思考,北京:全国热处理协会会议,1996.10
[16]韩立民.真空热处理的现状,沈刚:第六届全国真空热处理年会论文集,1995.6
[17]高升.迅速发展的真空热处理,真空热处理技术交流会,上海,1992.1
[18]缪欣荣.国内外真空热处理设备的研制概况和发展趋势[J],现代机械,1989.2
[19]戴起勋.金属材料学[M],化学工业出版社,2005:8-46
[20]夏立芳.金属热处理工艺学[M],哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006:1-70
[21]温诗铸.摩擦学原理[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1990:390-393
[22]葛中民.耐磨损设计[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1991:6-35
[23]蔡泽高,刘以宽.金属磨损与断裂[M],上海交通大学出版社,1985
[24]王辉,曹明宇,陈再良等.4Cr13钢饲料机环模的失效分析[J],金属热处理,2003,28(6):55-57
[25]朱兴江,陈联满.4Cr13环模断裂原因分析[J],江苏冶金,2008,36(3):32-35
[26]向兴华,魏兴钊,焦东玲等.4Cr13模块开裂失效分析[J],失效会议,2005:413-415
[27]王滨生,杨金英,刘全文等.回火工艺对4Cr13钢耐蚀性能的影响[J],金属热处理,1996,12:24
[28]束德林.工程材料力学性能[M],机械工业出版社,2003:2-58
[29]田莳.材料物理性能[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[2]袁洪岭.饲料制粒工艺新趋向 中国饲料1999年.6:7
[4]马登杰,韩立民.真空热处理原理与工艺[M],机械工业出版社,1988.2
[5]何英介.金属材料的真空热处理[M],上海科学技术出版社,1981.8
[6]阎成沛.真空热处理工艺与设备[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1998.10
[7]刘仁家,濮绍雄.真空热处理与设备[M],宁航出版社,1984.9
[8]James G.Conbear.Improoing Produductivity of Vacuum Heat Treating Equipment[J].Heat Treating,1977,10(7):24-32
[9]何奖爱,王玉玮.材料磨损与耐磨材料[M],东北大学出版社,2001
[10]邵荷生,张清.金属的磨料磨损与耐磨材料[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1988:224-227.
[11]P.K.Bagchi.A.Ghosh.Effect of Magnetic Field on Wear of Characteristics of Cutting Tools.J,Inst Eng,India,1970
[12]戴雄杰.摩擦学基础[M],上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984:78-81
[13]热处理手册编委会,热处理手册第3卷[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[14]张建国.我国真空热处理概况及讨论,北京:全国热处理协会会议,1996
[15]刘迨.关于我国热处理生产技术改造的思考,北京:全国热处理协会会议,1996.10
[16]韩立民.真空热处理的现状,沈刚:第六届全国真空热处理年会论文集,1995.6
[17]高升.迅速发展的真空热处理,真空热处理技术交流会,上海,1992.1
[18]缪欣荣.国内外真空热处理设备的研制概况和发展趋势[J],现代机械,1989.2
[19]戴起勋.金属材料学[M],化学工业出版社,2005:8-46
[20]夏立芳.金属热处理工艺学[M],哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006:1-70
[21]温诗铸.摩擦学原理[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1990:390-393
[22]葛中民.耐磨损设计[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1991:6-35
[23]蔡泽高,刘以宽.金属磨损与断裂[M],上海交通大学出版社,1985
[24]王辉,曹明宇,陈再良等.4Cr13钢饲料机环模的失效分析[J],金属热处理,2003,28(6):55-57
[25]朱兴江,陈联满.4Cr13环模断裂原因分析[J],江苏冶金,2008,36(3):32-35
[26]向兴华,魏兴钊,焦东玲等.4Cr13模块开裂失效分析[J],失效会议,2005:413-415
[27]王滨生,杨金英,刘全文等.回火工艺对4Cr13钢耐蚀性能的影响[J],金属热处理,1996,12:24
[28]束德林.工程材料力学性能[M],机械工业出版社,2003:2-58
[29]田莳.材料物理性能[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2004