驾驶员生理指标对行车疲劳响应的敏感性研究
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摘要
随着内蒙古自治区公路建设的迅速发展,公路交通安全问题也日益显著,研究表明在公路交通安全中引发交通事故的主要原因是驾驶疲劳。虽然大多数学者已经对普通公路上的驾驶疲劳采取了很多的预防措施,但是由驾驶疲劳导致的交通事故然时有发生,因此对驾驶疲劳的研究显得尤为重要。本文在草原公路这一景观环境下,从交通工程学和人机环境工程学的角度出发,研究驾驶员在草原公路行车时,产生的驾驶疲劳,找出适合草原公路行车驾驶疲劳的测量方法及指标,分析草原公路行车状态下驾驶疲劳的生理指标的显著性,以及在草原公路行车时驾驶员生理指标对驾驶疲劳响应的敏感性。
·本文通过进行草原公路实驾实验,运用SPSS软件和敏感性分析中单因素分析方法对驾驶员的各项生理指标和眼动指标进行分析得出以下结论：
(1)通过对心率变异时频域指标、眼动指标随驾驶时间变化关系图的分析,得出在草原公路行车时候,连续驾驶时间在120分钟左右时候出现驾驶疲劳现象。
(2)运用统计学原理把驾驶员的生理指标与驾驶疲劳出现的情况下的显著性分析,排除了不适合在草原公路驾驶疲劳中研究的指标VLF。
(3)运用敏感性分析的原理,研究驾驶员的生理指标对草原公路行车驾驶疲劳的敏感性,得出各项指标的敏感系数,并对驾驶员生理指标中的心率变异时频域指标和眼动指标进行排序,得出以下结论：眼动指标敏感性由高到低的顺序依次是注视次数,注视时间,瞳孔大小,眨眼次数,扫视次数。心率和心率变异时域指标敏感性由高到低r-MSSD, SDANN, SDNN, PNN50, HR, MeanRR。频域指标敏感性由高到低依次是：LF, LF/HF, HF。
With the rapid development of highway construction in Inner Mongolia, traffic safety becomes increasingly severe. Driving fatigue is the main cause resulting in traffic crashes. Many scholars have studied preventive measure of driving fatigue for general highway, but traffic crashes still happen occasionally. In this paper, in terms of traffic engineering and Man-Machine-Environmental Engineering, in the landscape environment of Prairie highway, the driving fatigue is studied to find the adaptive measurement and indicators that showing it, and analyze the significance of physiological indices showing driving fatigue travelling along Prairie highway. And the sensitivity of physiological indices and eye movement indices of driver to show driving fatigue are studied.
In this paper, field experiment is carried out, and SPSS software and Single Factor Analysis method in sensitivity analysis are used to analyze physiological indexes and eye movement indexes of driver. Some conclusions are as follows:
(1)In Prairie highway, driving fatigue generates when continuous driving time reaches 120min, according to HRV's time domain indexes and eye movement indexes.
(2) By applying Principle of Statistics, we make the significance analysis of psychological and physiological indices and eye movement indices showing driving fatigue generation, and VLF is eliminated, which do not fit to be studied in driving fatigue of Prairie highway.
(3) By using the principle of sensitivity analysis, and studying the sensitivity of driving fatigue to physiological indexes and eye movement indexes in the travelling on prairie highway, we conclude the sensitivity coefficients. We take an sequencing to HRV' s time domain indexes of driver's physiological indexes and eye movement indexes, and some conclusions are as follows:The sensitivity descending order of eye movement indices is fixation count, fixation time, pupillary size, blink count, and saccade count; The sensitivity descending order of HR and HRV's time domain indices is r-MSSD, SDANN, SDNN, PNN50, HR, MeanRR. The sensitivity descending order of HRV's frequency domain indices is LF, LF/HF, HF.
·本文通过进行草原公路实驾实验,运用SPSS软件和敏感性分析中单因素分析方法对驾驶员的各项生理指标和眼动指标进行分析得出以下结论：
(1)通过对心率变异时频域指标、眼动指标随驾驶时间变化关系图的分析,得出在草原公路行车时候,连续驾驶时间在120分钟左右时候出现驾驶疲劳现象。
(2)运用统计学原理把驾驶员的生理指标与驾驶疲劳出现的情况下的显著性分析,排除了不适合在草原公路驾驶疲劳中研究的指标VLF。
(3)运用敏感性分析的原理,研究驾驶员的生理指标对草原公路行车驾驶疲劳的敏感性,得出各项指标的敏感系数,并对驾驶员生理指标中的心率变异时频域指标和眼动指标进行排序,得出以下结论：眼动指标敏感性由高到低的顺序依次是注视次数,注视时间,瞳孔大小,眨眼次数,扫视次数。心率和心率变异时域指标敏感性由高到低r-MSSD, SDANN, SDNN, PNN50, HR, MeanRR。频域指标敏感性由高到低依次是：LF, LF/HF, HF。
With the rapid development of highway construction in Inner Mongolia, traffic safety becomes increasingly severe. Driving fatigue is the main cause resulting in traffic crashes. Many scholars have studied preventive measure of driving fatigue for general highway, but traffic crashes still happen occasionally. In this paper, in terms of traffic engineering and Man-Machine-Environmental Engineering, in the landscape environment of Prairie highway, the driving fatigue is studied to find the adaptive measurement and indicators that showing it, and analyze the significance of physiological indices showing driving fatigue travelling along Prairie highway. And the sensitivity of physiological indices and eye movement indices of driver to show driving fatigue are studied.
In this paper, field experiment is carried out, and SPSS software and Single Factor Analysis method in sensitivity analysis are used to analyze physiological indexes and eye movement indexes of driver. Some conclusions are as follows:
(1)In Prairie highway, driving fatigue generates when continuous driving time reaches 120min, according to HRV's time domain indexes and eye movement indexes.
(2) By applying Principle of Statistics, we make the significance analysis of psychological and physiological indices and eye movement indices showing driving fatigue generation, and VLF is eliminated, which do not fit to be studied in driving fatigue of Prairie highway.
(3) By using the principle of sensitivity analysis, and studying the sensitivity of driving fatigue to physiological indexes and eye movement indexes in the travelling on prairie highway, we conclude the sensitivity coefficients. We take an sequencing to HRV' s time domain indexes of driver's physiological indexes and eye movement indexes, and some conclusions are as follows:The sensitivity descending order of eye movement indices is fixation count, fixation time, pupillary size, blink count, and saccade count; The sensitivity descending order of HR and HRV's time domain indices is r-MSSD, SDANN, SDNN, PNN50, HR, MeanRR. The sensitivity descending order of HRV's frequency domain indices is LF, LF/HF, HF.
引文
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2 Saroj KL Lal, Ashley Craig. Physiological indicators of driver fatigue.2000 Road Safety Research, Policing&Education Conference,2000,11
3三炳浩,魏建勤,吴永红.汽车驾驶员瞌睡状态脑电波特征的初步探索[J].汽车工程,2004,26(1)：70-73
4姚娜.基于驾驶员心理与生理反应的草原二级公路交通事故分析[D].呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2006
5贺太纲,刘建平,郑崇勋.精神疲劳及其测定[J].生物医学工程学杂志,1996,13(3)：267-273
6周玉彬,俞梦孙.用无电极的方法提取人体生理信号[J].北京生物医学工程,2001,20(2)：91-94
7杨渝书,姚振强,李增勇等.心电图时频域指标在驾驶疲劳评价中的有效性研究[J].机械设计与制造,2002,(5)：94-95
8李增勇,焦昆,陈铭等.汽车驾驶员驾驶过程中的心率变异性功率谱分析[J].中国生物医学工程学报,2003,22(6)：574-576
9梁文杰,阮约翰,孙德拴等.在模拟静态驾驶环境下探讨上午时段驾驶者驾驶任务前后生理参数之变化[J].工业科技与管理学刊,2006,1：261-281
10吴群.基于心电信号的驾驶疲劳检测方法研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士论文,2008
11董占勋,孙守迁,吴群等.心率变异性与驾驶疲劳相关性研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010,44(1)：46-50
12 WILSON G F,0 DONNELL R D. Measurement of operator workload with the neuropsy-chological workloadtest battery [M].Human Mental Workload. Amsterdam:Elsevier,1988:63-100
13 HANLON J F. Heart rate variability:a new index of drivers alertness/fatigue [R].Goleta:Human Factors Research Inc,1971:Report No.1812-1819
14 Lee, D. H. and Park, K.S.Multivariate analysis of mental and physical load components in sinus arrhythmia scores [C].Ergonomics,1980,33(1):35
15 Yang G, Lin Y, Bhattacharya P.A Driver Fatigue Recognition Model Using Fusion of Multiple Features.Conf.Proc. IEEE Int.Conf. Syst. Man Cybern,Waikoloa, HI, United States,2005(2):1777-1784
16 Jeong I C, Lee O H, Park S W, et al. Automobile Driver's Stress Index Provision System that Utilizes Electrocardiogram. IEEE Intell Veh Symp Proc, Istanbul, Turkey, 2007 (3)-.652-656
17 Katsis C. D.,Ntouvas N. E.,Bafas C.G.. Assessment of muscle fatigue during driving using surface EMG. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering,2004:259-262
18董文会,曲培树,吴晓娟等.复杂背景下多姿态人脸图像中的人眼检测[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2006,36(3)：1-25
19王荣本,郭克友,储江伟.一种基于Gabor小波的驾驶员眼部状态识别方法的研究[J].中国图形学报,2008,A(9)：1043-1047
20贾琦.基于视觉的汽车驾驶员疲劳状况检测装置的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学硕士论文,2009
21石坚,吴远鹏,卓斌等.汽车驾驶员主动安全性因素的辨识与分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2000,34(4)：441-444
22王朗.基于光谱特征的超光谱遥感图像压缩算法研究[D].长春：吉林大学博士学位论文,2009
23 John Stern,Duane Perrin, Walt Wierwille, Melissa Mall is. Ocular Measures of Driver Alertness. Science Daily Magazine.1999, (8):25-36
24 W. Wierwille. Research on vehicle-based driver status/performance monitoring: development, validation,and refinement of algorithms for detection of driver drowsiness [R]. Washington, DC:National Highway Traffic Safety Adm-inistration.1994
25 R. BISHOP, R. BISHOP consult ing.USA:Survey of Intelligent Vehicle Applications worldwide [C]. Proceedings of the IEEE intelligent Vehicles symposium 2000.2000.10. pp.25-30
26 Herndon. Ocular-Based Measures of Driver Alertness Conference,1999,4,26-27
27 Gerry E.Warning system for fatigued drivers nearing reality with new eye data[J]. Science Daily Magazine.1999, (7):25-30
28 Nikolaos P. Vision based detection of driver fatigue[C]. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation.1997,9
29 Philip WK,Roger DJ. Development of driver alertness detection system using overhead capacitive sensor array [OL]. http//internet.cybermesa.com/rf rye/complexica/drowsy
30 Q JI.and X. J. YANG, Real-time eye,gaze, and face pose tracking for monitoring driver vigilance[J]. Real-Time Imaging,2002, (8):357-377
31 LUIS M. BERGASA, MIGUEL A. Sotelo, Real-time sestem for Monitoring Driver Vigilance [J]. IEEEtransations on intelligent transportation system,2006,7 (1):63-77
32段振伟,景国勋,杨书召.基于安全人机工程学的驾驶疲劳因素及其产生机理分析[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,2,27(1)：21-27
33王海勇,梁锋.基于人机工程学的驾驶疲劳模型[J].工业安全与环保,2005,31(2)：45-46
34王书灵.基于驾驶员心生理反应的山区双车道公路极限坡度坡长研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2005
35王猛.营运驾驶员驾驶疲劳研究[D].北京：交通部公路科学研究院硕士学位论文,2006
36房瑞雪.基于生理信号的驾驶疲劳预警对策有效性的实验研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2010
37 F.C. Bartlett. Fatigue Following Highly Skilled Work. Proceedings of the Royal Society,Series B,1943,131:247-257
38马艳丽.驾驶员驾驶特性与道路交通安全对策研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2007
39乔建刚.基于驾驶员因素的山区双车道公路关键参数研究[D].北京：北京工业大学博士学位论文,2006
40舒红宇,李发权,易树平等.汽车驾驶疲劳的一种综合性评定方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2008,42(8)：1338-1342
41赵国华.电力行业二氧化硫减排因素的敏感性分析与对策研究[D].南京：南京信息工程学硕士学位论文,2008
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46董占勋,孙守迁,吴群等.心率变异性与驾驶疲劳相关性研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010,44(1)：46-50
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48兰丽.室内环境对人员工作效率影响机理与评价研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2010
49 Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology.Heart rate variability-standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation,1996,93 (2):1043-1065
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52王磊,吴晓娟.驾驶疲劳&瞌睡检测方法的研究进展[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2007,24(1)：245-248
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52钟兴强,段春英.敏感系数计算方法的探讨[J].业务与技术,2004,(6)：40-44
2 Saroj KL Lal, Ashley Craig. Physiological indicators of driver fatigue.2000 Road Safety Research, Policing&Education Conference,2000,11
3三炳浩,魏建勤,吴永红.汽车驾驶员瞌睡状态脑电波特征的初步探索[J].汽车工程,2004,26(1)：70-73
4姚娜.基于驾驶员心理与生理反应的草原二级公路交通事故分析[D].呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学硕士学位论文,2006
5贺太纲,刘建平,郑崇勋.精神疲劳及其测定[J].生物医学工程学杂志,1996,13(3)：267-273
6周玉彬,俞梦孙.用无电极的方法提取人体生理信号[J].北京生物医学工程,2001,20(2)：91-94
7杨渝书,姚振强,李增勇等.心电图时频域指标在驾驶疲劳评价中的有效性研究[J].机械设计与制造,2002,(5)：94-95
8李增勇,焦昆,陈铭等.汽车驾驶员驾驶过程中的心率变异性功率谱分析[J].中国生物医学工程学报,2003,22(6)：574-576
9梁文杰,阮约翰,孙德拴等.在模拟静态驾驶环境下探讨上午时段驾驶者驾驶任务前后生理参数之变化[J].工业科技与管理学刊,2006,1：261-281
10吴群.基于心电信号的驾驶疲劳检测方法研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士论文,2008
11董占勋,孙守迁,吴群等.心率变异性与驾驶疲劳相关性研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010,44(1)：46-50
12 WILSON G F,0 DONNELL R D. Measurement of operator workload with the neuropsy-chological workloadtest battery [M].Human Mental Workload. Amsterdam:Elsevier,1988:63-100
13 HANLON J F. Heart rate variability:a new index of drivers alertness/fatigue [R].Goleta:Human Factors Research Inc,1971:Report No.1812-1819
14 Lee, D. H. and Park, K.S.Multivariate analysis of mental and physical load components in sinus arrhythmia scores [C].Ergonomics,1980,33(1):35
15 Yang G, Lin Y, Bhattacharya P.A Driver Fatigue Recognition Model Using Fusion of Multiple Features.Conf.Proc. IEEE Int.Conf. Syst. Man Cybern,Waikoloa, HI, United States,2005(2):1777-1784
16 Jeong I C, Lee O H, Park S W, et al. Automobile Driver's Stress Index Provision System that Utilizes Electrocardiogram. IEEE Intell Veh Symp Proc, Istanbul, Turkey, 2007 (3)-.652-656
17 Katsis C. D.,Ntouvas N. E.,Bafas C.G.. Assessment of muscle fatigue during driving using surface EMG. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering,2004:259-262
18董文会,曲培树,吴晓娟等.复杂背景下多姿态人脸图像中的人眼检测[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2006,36(3)：1-25
19王荣本,郭克友,储江伟.一种基于Gabor小波的驾驶员眼部状态识别方法的研究[J].中国图形学报,2008,A(9)：1043-1047
20贾琦.基于视觉的汽车驾驶员疲劳状况检测装置的研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学硕士论文,2009
21石坚,吴远鹏,卓斌等.汽车驾驶员主动安全性因素的辨识与分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2000,34(4)：441-444
22王朗.基于光谱特征的超光谱遥感图像压缩算法研究[D].长春：吉林大学博士学位论文,2009
23 John Stern,Duane Perrin, Walt Wierwille, Melissa Mall is. Ocular Measures of Driver Alertness. Science Daily Magazine.1999, (8):25-36
24 W. Wierwille. Research on vehicle-based driver status/performance monitoring: development, validation,and refinement of algorithms for detection of driver drowsiness [R]. Washington, DC:National Highway Traffic Safety Adm-inistration.1994
25 R. BISHOP, R. BISHOP consult ing.USA:Survey of Intelligent Vehicle Applications worldwide [C]. Proceedings of the IEEE intelligent Vehicles symposium 2000.2000.10. pp.25-30
26 Herndon. Ocular-Based Measures of Driver Alertness Conference,1999,4,26-27
27 Gerry E.Warning system for fatigued drivers nearing reality with new eye data[J]. Science Daily Magazine.1999, (7):25-30
28 Nikolaos P. Vision based detection of driver fatigue[C]. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation.1997,9
29 Philip WK,Roger DJ. Development of driver alertness detection system using overhead capacitive sensor array [OL]. http//internet.cybermesa.com/rf rye/complexica/drowsy
30 Q JI.and X. J. YANG, Real-time eye,gaze, and face pose tracking for monitoring driver vigilance[J]. Real-Time Imaging,2002, (8):357-377
31 LUIS M. BERGASA, MIGUEL A. Sotelo, Real-time sestem for Monitoring Driver Vigilance [J]. IEEEtransations on intelligent transportation system,2006,7 (1):63-77
32段振伟,景国勋,杨书召.基于安全人机工程学的驾驶疲劳因素及其产生机理分析[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,2,27(1)：21-27
33王海勇,梁锋.基于人机工程学的驾驶疲劳模型[J].工业安全与环保,2005,31(2)：45-46
34王书灵.基于驾驶员心生理反应的山区双车道公路极限坡度坡长研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2005
35王猛.营运驾驶员驾驶疲劳研究[D].北京：交通部公路科学研究院硕士学位论文,2006
36房瑞雪.基于生理信号的驾驶疲劳预警对策有效性的实验研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2010
37 F.C. Bartlett. Fatigue Following Highly Skilled Work. Proceedings of the Royal Society,Series B,1943,131:247-257
38马艳丽.驾驶员驾驶特性与道路交通安全对策研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文,2007
39乔建刚.基于驾驶员因素的山区双车道公路关键参数研究[D].北京：北京工业大学博士学位论文,2006
40舒红宇,李发权,易树平等.汽车驾驶疲劳的一种综合性评定方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2008,42(8)：1338-1342
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42 Task Force of European Society of Cardiology and The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology,Heart rate variability-Standard of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use, European Heart Journal,1996, Vol.17:354-381
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