基于实时Linux系统的飞机刹车半实物仿真系统研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
通过目前我国飞机刹车系统的研究现状和实验测试手段的详细分析,考虑到仿真系统的实现条件和经济适应性,本文提出了一种基于实时Linux操作系统的飞机刹车系统半实物仿真设计方案,并给出了整个系统的软硬件实现过程。
     论文首先分析了飞机滑跑的动力特性、起落架及载荷的影响、刹车装置的工作特性以及跑道与轮胎摩擦特性,建立了系统半实物仿真的整体数学模型。针对仿真计算机与实物设备的接口,完成了设备硬件接口电路和设备驱动S函数的程序设计,以及仿真系统中实时通讯网络的设计。
     其次针对半实物仿真的实时性要求,利用Matlab实时工作间RTW,并结合实时Linux操作系统内核的特性,给出了系统半实物仿真软件的实时代码生成方法;以RTW的外部方式实现了基于TCP\IP协议的实时网络通讯模块;利用Matlab提供用户自定义模型的S函数完成了Linux环境下多线程实时模块代码的设计。
     另外,论文还较深入地研究了实时Linux系统支持SMP(对称多处理器)结构的并行计算的特性,介绍了基于并行消息传递接口MPI的并行程序编程,并以跑道模型中地面结合系数的遗传规划辨识方法为例,给出了地面结合系数模型参数估计的并行处理算法,有效地解决了仿真过程中复杂数学模型的实时解算问题。
     最后,针对本文提出的实时Linux系统环境下半实物仿真设计方案,以典型飞机为例,对机刹车系统进行了仿真实验研究。实验结果表明:本文所提出了飞机刹车系统半实物仿真设计方案合理可行,利用地面结合系数的遗传规划并行算法得到的跑道模型能较真实地反映轮胎与跑道的变化特性,所得到的仿真结果也能较真实地反映飞机刹车的动态过程。
The actual domestic statues of aircraft braking system study is analysed and the means of test have been compared. Considering the implementary conditions and the constraint of cost, a new aircraft braking hardware in the loop simulation system based on the Real-Time Linux system is designed, and the implementary process of the whole system in hardware and software.
    On the basis of analyzing dynamic characteristics of airplane slip, this paper sets up the ground adhesion coefficient-slip model, airplane dynamics model, the landing gears model, the brake equipments and the tire model etc. Aimed at the interface between the simulating computer to practicle hardware, the circuit of the hardware and software interface based on S-function is designed. Further more, the real time communication network of simulation system is completed.
    Secondly, aimed to characteristics of simulation system in real-time process, an scheme is given to generat the code for real-time simulation by Matlab\RTW. At the same time, a real-time network is built by Matlab\RTW on external customer mode. It is designed by S-function tools in Matlab that include the module of mulitithread on Linux OS.
    Moreover, the characteristics of parallel computation with symmetric multiple processors construction is discussed in details, and the method to build the parallel program with MPI(message passing interface) is introduced. An parallel arithmetic of evolution is applied to the model of frictional characteristics, and solved the real-time computation of complicated mathematical models in system simulation.
    Finally, according to the scheme of airplane braking simulation system, a experiment of an airplane braking system is given, and the results indicate that the experimental platform of the HIL simulation system of the aircraft brake is feasible, and the runway model improved via the parameters identified by genetic programming based on evolutional computation can describe the real frictional characteristics. The whole performance of the anti-skid braking system is demonstrated satisfyingly by the platform.
引文
[1] 曾嫦娥,鱼明哲,单长胜,付静,黄艳俊.美国海空军制导武器试验的半实物仿真技术[J].飞行器测控学报,2005,(5).
    [2] 任淑红,吴晓燕,张庆波,.现代导弹半实物仿真技术探讨[J].飞航导弹,2006,(5)
    [3] 姚新宇,黄柯棣.半实物仿真系统中的实时控制技术[J].计算机仿真,2000,(1)
    [4] 姚新宇,黄柯棣.半实物仿真系统的实时性分析[J].计算机仿真,1999,(4)
    [5] 刘晓川,王海涛,顾浩.高效的半实物仿真系统平台-Windows NT(2000)+RTX[J].计算机仿真,2003,(2)
    [6] 徐德华,王万里,钱真,张文杰,.Windows2000在半实物仿真中的实时性研究[J].计算机仿真,2006,(2).
    [7] 潘峰,薛定宇,徐心和.基于dSPACE半实物仿真技术的伺服控制研究与应用[J].系统仿真学报,2004,(5)
    [8] Hogg, C. On or near the ground flight simulation. Software Engineering for Real Time Systems [R], 1991. 205—211
    [9] Ned Jlindsley. A new tire model for aircraft landing gear dynamics[D]. Akron: The University of Akron, 1999
    [10] 赵海鹰,王占林,裘丽华.飞机防滑控制系统的分布式实时仿真[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2000,(2).
    [11] Yoon, Steve S. etc. Development of a UAV simulator based on COTS products and object-oriented programming languages. AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit, 2001, 9
    [12] Courage, K.; LEE, S. Hardware in the Loop Simulation.[R]. NTIS Report. 2005-16,Disk #9
    [13] 杨松波,王新民,刘少华,使用RTW和VxWorks实现某飞控测试系统的开发,机械与电子,2004.12
    [14] 于海阔,王朝志,陈万春,MATLAB-XPC在导弹制导系统半实物仿真中的应用[C],中国航空学会学术交流会.第19届,2003.
    [15] 时亚忠,王旭永,张红伟,.采用C MEX S函数编写xPC环境下设备驱动模块的研究[J].测控技术,2006,(7).
    [16] 吴剑,孙秀霞.采用MATLAB中的xPC Target对硬件进行操作[J].现代电子技术,2002,(4).
    [17] Ki-Chang lee, Jeong-Woo Jeon, Don-Ha Hwang, Se-Han Lee, Yong-Joo Kim. Developments of Antilock Braking Controller Using Hardware In-the-Loop Simulation and Field Test[R], The 30th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, November 2-6, 2004
    [18] Sandy M. Stubbs and John A. Ranner, Review of Antiskid and Brake Dynamics Research[J], Aircraft Safety and Operating Problems Conference, 1980
    [19] Home W B, Joyner U T, Pneumatic Tire Hydroplaning and Some Effects on Vehicle Performance[R], SAE 970C, 1965
    [20] Douglas D. Moseley, Thomas J. Carter, Performance Testing on an Electrically Actuated Aircraft Braking System[R], SAE 881399
    [21] Lin Zhaodu, Mathmetical Model of Tire-Longitudinal Road Adhesion and Their Use in the Study of Road Vehicle Dynamics[R], Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology, 1996. 5
    [22] Gim G, Nikravesh P E, An Analytical Model of Pneumatic Tyres for Vehicle Dynamic Simulation[J], Part1: Pure slips, Int. J. of Vehicle Design, 1990. 11(6)
    [23] James Lacombe, Tire Model for Simulations of Vehicle Motion on High and Low Friction road Surface[J], Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference
    [24] Davis, D. C, Aradial spring terrain enveloping tire model[J], Vehicle system Dynamics, 1974. 3
    [25] Gim G, Nikravesh P E, An Analytical Model of Pneumatic Tyres for Vehicle Dynamic Simulation[J], Part1: Pure slips, Int. J. of Vehicle Design, 1990, 11(6)
    [26] St. Germann, M. Wurtenberger, A. DaiB[J], Monitoring of the friction coefficient between tyre and road surface. IEEE 1994.2
    [27] A. Porcel, P. Laurence, M. Basse, ect, Tyre Model for Vehicle Simulation: Overview and Real Time Solution for Critical Situations[J], IEEE 2001. 9 [11] Ned Jlindsley, A new tire model for aircraft landing gear dynamics, The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron, 1999.8 [12]
    [28] A. DaiB, Model Based Calculation of Friction Curvets between Tyre and Road Surface[J], IEEE 1995.8
    [29] Sudhanshu Nigam, Modeling, Simulation and Response Analysis of Antilock Systems[J], The Doctor Faculty of West Virginia University, 1993.8
    [30] Holt D J, Aircraft Braking Systems[J], Aerospace Engineering, June 1993
    [31] Jeong-Woo Jeon, Gui-AEE Woo, Ki-Chang lee, Don-Ha Hwang, Yong-Joo Kim. Developments of ABS Controller for Aircraft with Real-Time HILS System, International Conference On SIMULATION[J], Conference Publication NO.457, IEE, pp.176-181, 1998
    [32] Jeong-Woo Jeon, Ki-Chang lee, Don-Ha Hwang, Yong-Joo Kim.Development of a Dynamic Simulator for Braking Performance Test of Aircraft with Anti-skid Brake System[J]. Aircraft Safety and Operrating Problems Conference, 1980, Wallops, Flighter Center
    [33] 杨涤,李立涛,杨旭,朱承元.系统实时仿真开发环境与应用.清华大学出版社,209~229
    [34] 王智民,鲁芹,RedHat Linux 7.0实战技术[M].国防工业出版社,2001,105~357
    [35] 杨新,飞机六自由度模型及仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2002.5
    [36] 隋福成,陆华,飞机起落架缓冲器数学模型研究[J].飞机设计,2001.6
    [37] 库玉鳌,刹车与起落架抖动的相互影响[J],航空学报,1996.3
    [38] 张谦,起落架与防滑刹车系统的相互作用研究[J],航空精密制造技术,2003.4
    [39] 张谦,飞机电传数字防滑刹车系统控制律仿真研究[D],西北工业大学硕士论文,1999 年,16~25
    [40] 邹美英,飞机防滑刹车系统新型控制律设计与仿真研究[D],西北工业大学硕士论文,2005年,32~55
    [41] 徐冬苓,李玉忍,谢立理,飞机防滑刹车系统的建模与仿真研究[J],测控技术,2004.11
    [42] 郝利辉,飞机防滑刹车控制器的研究[D],西北工业大学硕士论文,2005年,14~40
    [43] 姜东红,谢利理,基于iHawk平台的飞机刹车系统半实物仿真研究[J],计算机应用研究,2006.7
    [44] 姜伟,非对称载荷下飞机刹车系统控制与仿真技术[D].西北工业大学硕士论文,2007
    [45] 晋萍,聂宏,起落架着陆动态仿真分析模型及参数优化设计[J],南京航天航空大学学报,2003.10第35卷第5期
    [46] 励缨等,舰载飞机逃逸复飞动力学特性研究[J],飞行力学,1994.6,89~120
    [47] 王野平,论轮胎与路面间的摩擦[J],汽车技术,1999.2
    [48] 袁冬,飞机起落架仿真数学模型建立方法[J],飞行力学,2002.12
    [49] 王纪森,何长安,飞机轮胎与跑道间结合系数模型的研究[J],西北工业大学学报,2000.11
    [50] 刘昭度,轮胎—路面纵向附着动力学模型[J],北京理工大学学报,1995.5
    [51] 王纪森,何长安,防滑控制研究[J],西北工业大学学报,2000.8
    [52] 李锋,刘刚,张瑜,飞机防滑刹车系统结构谐振一体化设计的仿真研究[J],西北工业大学学报,1999.8
    [53] 刘延斌,金光,半实物仿真技术的发展现状[J],光机电信息,2003.1
    [54] 科柯宁.智维列夫,航空机轮与刹车系统设计[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1980
    [55] 殷晨波,茅承钧,轮胎刚度和阻尼特性的研究[J],南京建筑工程学院学报,1994.2
    [56] 庄继德.,现代汽车轮胎技术[J],北京理工大学出版社,2001.3
    [57] 时培涛,吴瑞祥,张燮年等,飞机防滑刹车系统动态特性仿真研究[J],北京航空航天大学学报,999.10
    [58] 王秀霞,丁学工,液压伺服控制技术在飞机机轮刹车系统中的应用[J],液压气动与密封,2001年6月,第3期(总第87期)
    [59] 沈航,飞机起落架着陆与滑跑性能分析[J],应用力学学报,2001年9月,第18卷增刊
    [60] 王锴,飞机全电刹车系统设计[J],硕士学位论文,北京航空航天大学,2003,20~25
    [61] 申文彬,刘宏立,实时仿真系统的时间特性分析与控制[J],中国科技信息,2005年第24期
    [62] 潘炜,高镜惠,周雅夫等,基于MATLAB/Simulink的汽车ABS的半实物仿真系统.微计算机信息,2003年第19卷第12期
    [63] 刘志国,王仕成,高智杰,激光制导武器半实物仿真系统的实时性实现[J],计算机仿真,2004.2
    [64] 沈永福,邓方林,柯熙政,激光制导炸弹导引头半实物仿真系统方案设计[J],红外与激光工程,2002.4
    [65] 邓方林,刘志国,王仕成,激光导引头半实物仿真系统的设计与研制[J],系统仿真学报,2004.2
    [66] 单家元,刘藻珍,李钟武等,激光制导武器半实物仿真试验系统[J],计算机仿真,2002.3
    [67] 许哲,许化龙,王宏力,导弹姿态控制系统的分布式仿真方案研究[J],战略导弹控制技术,2004年NO.3
    [68] 孟秀云,王肇敏,魏华良,某型火箭弹半实物仿真系列方案设计[J],计算机仿真,2001.3
    [69] 童贺,桁架自适应结构振动控制仿真实验研究[J],硕士学位论文,北京航空航天大学,2004
    [70] 梁加红,通用实时数据采集系统仿真研究[J],国防科学技术大学硕士论文,2002
    [71] 张林波,迟学斌等,并行计算导论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006
    [72] 刘藻珍,魏华梁,系统仿真[M].北京理工大学出版社.1998.6
    [73] 姚俊,马松辉,Simulink建模与仿真[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,128~140
    [74] 康凤举.现代仿真技术与应用[M].国防工业出版社,269~306
    [75] 莫则尧,袁国兴.消息传递并行编程环境MPI[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
    [76] Li G Y and Coleman T F. A Paralel Trianglar Solver for a Hypercube Multiprocessor. Cornell University 1986, TR, 86~787
    [77] SCHWEFEL, N., and R. BELEW, "Dynamic Parameter Encode for Genetic Algorrithms," [M], Machine Learning, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 9-21. 1992
    [78] MICHALEWICZ, Z., Genetic Algorithms+Data Structures=Evolution Programs[M], 3rd edition, Springer-Vedag, Berlin Germeny.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700