茶氨酸保健功效研究及其保健食品开发
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摘要
茶氨酸(Theanine)是茶叶中含有的一种特殊的氨基酸,具有多种保健功效,但目前国内食品药品行业对于该功能性成分的认识还很少,市场上与之相关的保健产品几乎没有。为了填补这一空白,本研究在对国内茶保健食品现状分析的基础上,着重研究了茶氨酸改善睡眠、增强免疫和缓解疲劳的功效;同时以茶氨酸这三大功效为目标,开展配方摸索和制作工艺等研究,研制出茶氨酸保健食品的复合片剂。主要研究结果如下:
1.经过对2003-2007年经国家食品药品监督管理局(SFDA)批准注册的茶保健食品的统计分析显示:2003-2007年SFDA共批准注册茶保健食品168个,占批准注册的保健食品总数的4.4%,主要来自北京、上海、广东等发达省市。产品配方以复方为主,剂型主要集中在胶囊剂、茶剂、片剂这3种形式上,其它剂型产品数量较少。茶保健食品功能分布广泛,共涉及21项,其中又以“辅助降脂”和“减肥”功能注册的产品数量最多占43.5%;“缓解疲劳”和“增强免疫功能”其次;而“改善睡眠”、“缓解视疲劳”等功效的产品非常少见。功能成分以纯茶叶形式添加的产品占47%,以茶叶提取物形式添加的产品占53%,其中茶多酚类保健产品占到35.7%,而茶氨酸及茶多糖的保健产品分别只有1项。
2.以0、50、100、200 mg/kg/d的茶氨酸剂量灌胃小鼠30天后进行睡眠功能性评价实验。结果表明,茶氨酸没有直接的催眠作用,但能有效延长戊巴比妥钠催眠下小鼠的睡眠时间(中剂量组的睡眠时间为40.3±26.0min),提高巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠下小鼠的入睡率(中剂量组的入睡率达33.3%)以及有效缩短巴比妥钠催眠下小鼠的睡眠潜伏期(中剂量组的睡眠潜伏期为30.32±4.8min),其中中剂量组各项指标与空白组比差异达到极显著水平。
3.在免疫实验方面,茶氨酸对小鼠的免疫器官没有影响,但它能有效提高小鼠的碳廓清能力(中剂量组的吞噬指数达5.11±1.49),以及显著增加小鼠DTH的程度(其中高剂量组小鼠左右耳重量差达17.12±5.78mg)。同时茶氨酸能有效延长小鼠的游泳时间,证明茶氨酸具有抗疲劳的功能。
4.通过配方摸索和制作工艺等研究,确定了茶氨酸复合片剂以茶氨酸、中药提取物A、B、C为主要原料,添加40%微晶纤维素、1%硬脂酸镁为主要辅料。经中试生产,制得片重在0.5g/片的茶氨酸复合片剂。
5.茶氨酸复合片剂经急性毒理学实验结果表明小鼠经口急性毒性最大耐受量(MTD),雌雄两性均大于20.0g/kg,按急性毒性分级标准判定该样品属于无毒类。该茶氨酸复合片剂的主要功效成分茶氨酸含量为5.1%,粗多糖的含量为5.0%。
Theanine is a kind of special amino acids in the tea.It has a lot of health functions, but at present the domestic food and drug industry know very a little about it . In order to develop theanin-contained health food, the effect of sleep improvement, immuno-enhancement and anti-fatigue of theanine were studied. Based on the market investigation on tea health foods in China, the prescription and process technology of theanin-contained health tablets were developed. The main research results are as follows:
1. After statistic and analysis the registration of tea health food approved by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA)from 2003-2007 showed that: total 168 tea health foods were registered by SFDA from 2003 to 2007, accounted for 4.4% of the total health foods. They were mainly from the territories of Beijing city, Shanghai city and Guangdong provinces and so on. Most of them were mixing formula. The forms of drugs were capsule, tea and slice. Other types were less. The distributions of health functions were wide, involving in 21 different functions. Most products were registered that they could assist reducing blood-lipid and losing weight which took up 43.5%. The Second was registered by " immuno-enhancement " and "anti-fatigue ". But the products with the function of " sleep improvement "and " alleviate eye fatigue "are less. In those products, 53% of the products used tea extract as the functional ingredient, while 47% used tea. Health foods of TP accounted for 35.7%, while the health foods of tea polysaccharide and theanine are only 1.
2. The effect of theanine on sleep improvement was evaluated after feeding the mice with theanine 30 days with the does of 0,50,100,200mg/kg/d.Results showed that theanine could effectively improve sleep function of mice,and the middle does(100mg/kg/d) treatment obtained the best evaluation effect. Theanine could not hypnotize directly,but could prolong the sleep time induced by pentobarbital sodium (sleep time of middle does reached 40.3±26.0min),improve the sleep rate of mice which hypnotized by barbital sodium in the threshold dosage (sleep rate of middle does reached 33.3%),and theanine could decreased significantly the sleep incubation period induced by barbital sodium( sleep incubation period of middle does reached 30.32±4.8min) .
3. The effect of theanine on immuno-enhancement was evaluated.Results showed that theanine has no effection on rats immune organ, but it could effectively enhance the clearance ability of mice(mean value of phagocytic index in middle group reached 5.11±1.49), and the difference was extremely significant; theanine could effectively increase the DTH of mice in DNFB induced delayed-type hypersensitivity test with all the does groups being higher than the model does and especially the high group increased significantly(ear edem was 17.12±5.78mg). At the same time theanine can prolong the swimming time of mice,the result proved that theanine has the effection of anti-fatigue.
4. The main materials of the theanine composite tablets are theanine and Traditional Chinese medicine extracts, A, B and C. By manual wet granulation experiment, 40% microcrystalline cellulose, and 1% Magnesium stearate were determined as the accessories. Through the pilot-sacle prtrial, 0.5g / tablet of theanine health food was developed.
5. The maximal tolerance dose (MTD) of the theanine composite tablet is more than 20.0g/kg (non-toxic). The tablet contains 5.1% theanine and 5.0% crude polysaccharide.
1.经过对2003-2007年经国家食品药品监督管理局(SFDA)批准注册的茶保健食品的统计分析显示:2003-2007年SFDA共批准注册茶保健食品168个,占批准注册的保健食品总数的4.4%,主要来自北京、上海、广东等发达省市。产品配方以复方为主,剂型主要集中在胶囊剂、茶剂、片剂这3种形式上,其它剂型产品数量较少。茶保健食品功能分布广泛,共涉及21项,其中又以“辅助降脂”和“减肥”功能注册的产品数量最多占43.5%;“缓解疲劳”和“增强免疫功能”其次;而“改善睡眠”、“缓解视疲劳”等功效的产品非常少见。功能成分以纯茶叶形式添加的产品占47%,以茶叶提取物形式添加的产品占53%,其中茶多酚类保健产品占到35.7%,而茶氨酸及茶多糖的保健产品分别只有1项。
2.以0、50、100、200 mg/kg/d的茶氨酸剂量灌胃小鼠30天后进行睡眠功能性评价实验。结果表明,茶氨酸没有直接的催眠作用,但能有效延长戊巴比妥钠催眠下小鼠的睡眠时间(中剂量组的睡眠时间为40.3±26.0min),提高巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠下小鼠的入睡率(中剂量组的入睡率达33.3%)以及有效缩短巴比妥钠催眠下小鼠的睡眠潜伏期(中剂量组的睡眠潜伏期为30.32±4.8min),其中中剂量组各项指标与空白组比差异达到极显著水平。
3.在免疫实验方面,茶氨酸对小鼠的免疫器官没有影响,但它能有效提高小鼠的碳廓清能力(中剂量组的吞噬指数达5.11±1.49),以及显著增加小鼠DTH的程度(其中高剂量组小鼠左右耳重量差达17.12±5.78mg)。同时茶氨酸能有效延长小鼠的游泳时间,证明茶氨酸具有抗疲劳的功能。
4.通过配方摸索和制作工艺等研究,确定了茶氨酸复合片剂以茶氨酸、中药提取物A、B、C为主要原料,添加40%微晶纤维素、1%硬脂酸镁为主要辅料。经中试生产,制得片重在0.5g/片的茶氨酸复合片剂。
5.茶氨酸复合片剂经急性毒理学实验结果表明小鼠经口急性毒性最大耐受量(MTD),雌雄两性均大于20.0g/kg,按急性毒性分级标准判定该样品属于无毒类。该茶氨酸复合片剂的主要功效成分茶氨酸含量为5.1%,粗多糖的含量为5.0%。
Theanine is a kind of special amino acids in the tea.It has a lot of health functions, but at present the domestic food and drug industry know very a little about it . In order to develop theanin-contained health food, the effect of sleep improvement, immuno-enhancement and anti-fatigue of theanine were studied. Based on the market investigation on tea health foods in China, the prescription and process technology of theanin-contained health tablets were developed. The main research results are as follows:
1. After statistic and analysis the registration of tea health food approved by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA)from 2003-2007 showed that: total 168 tea health foods were registered by SFDA from 2003 to 2007, accounted for 4.4% of the total health foods. They were mainly from the territories of Beijing city, Shanghai city and Guangdong provinces and so on. Most of them were mixing formula. The forms of drugs were capsule, tea and slice. Other types were less. The distributions of health functions were wide, involving in 21 different functions. Most products were registered that they could assist reducing blood-lipid and losing weight which took up 43.5%. The Second was registered by " immuno-enhancement " and "anti-fatigue ". But the products with the function of " sleep improvement "and " alleviate eye fatigue "are less. In those products, 53% of the products used tea extract as the functional ingredient, while 47% used tea. Health foods of TP accounted for 35.7%, while the health foods of tea polysaccharide and theanine are only 1.
2. The effect of theanine on sleep improvement was evaluated after feeding the mice with theanine 30 days with the does of 0,50,100,200mg/kg/d.Results showed that theanine could effectively improve sleep function of mice,and the middle does(100mg/kg/d) treatment obtained the best evaluation effect. Theanine could not hypnotize directly,but could prolong the sleep time induced by pentobarbital sodium (sleep time of middle does reached 40.3±26.0min),improve the sleep rate of mice which hypnotized by barbital sodium in the threshold dosage (sleep rate of middle does reached 33.3%),and theanine could decreased significantly the sleep incubation period induced by barbital sodium( sleep incubation period of middle does reached 30.32±4.8min) .
3. The effect of theanine on immuno-enhancement was evaluated.Results showed that theanine has no effection on rats immune organ, but it could effectively enhance the clearance ability of mice(mean value of phagocytic index in middle group reached 5.11±1.49), and the difference was extremely significant; theanine could effectively increase the DTH of mice in DNFB induced delayed-type hypersensitivity test with all the does groups being higher than the model does and especially the high group increased significantly(ear edem was 17.12±5.78mg). At the same time theanine can prolong the swimming time of mice,the result proved that theanine has the effection of anti-fatigue.
4. The main materials of the theanine composite tablets are theanine and Traditional Chinese medicine extracts, A, B and C. By manual wet granulation experiment, 40% microcrystalline cellulose, and 1% Magnesium stearate were determined as the accessories. Through the pilot-sacle prtrial, 0.5g / tablet of theanine health food was developed.
5. The maximal tolerance dose (MTD) of the theanine composite tablet is more than 20.0g/kg (non-toxic). The tablet contains 5.1% theanine and 5.0% crude polysaccharide.
引文
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