大跨高边墙地铁风道洞桩法施工力学机理分析
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摘要
洞桩法施工是一个将传统的地面明挖施工方法和暗挖法之间进行有机结合。洞桩法在提前施作好的边桩和拱部初支的保护下,暗挖土体并施作二衬结构。与过去所采用的浅埋暗挖法相比,洞桩法施工灵活,能较好的控制地表沉降,满足城市复杂的工程环境的要求,具有很大的技术优势。
本文以地铁十四号线地铁将台站风道为依托工程,结合现场勘察资料和有限元计算,对洞桩法施工进行研究。研究内容如下：
1.对CRD法和洞桩法进行了有限元计算分析,得出两种工法施工所引起的地层变形情况,并对两种工法的安全性、造价和工期等方面进行了对比分析,以选择合适的施工方法。
2.对洞桩法三种不同的二衬施做顺序进行了有限元计算分析,得出不同二衬施工顺序的地层位移和顶拱初衬内力值的变化规律,并对三种工法的安全性、施工质量、造价等方面进行对比分析,以选择合理的施工顺序。
3.洞桩法逆作法工况下,采用荷载—结构模型对结构施工过程中的五个工况进行了计算分析,以选出施工中结构二衬的不利工况。
4.洞桩法逆作法工况下,通过有限元计算,研究围护桩不同桩径、不同的入土深度时的地表沉降、拱部初期支护和围护桩的变形规律。将钻孔桩与人工挖孔桩在适用范围、施工工艺、施工安全、施工质量、工期和造价等方面进行了对比,以选择合适的挖孔方式及入土深度。
Tunnel-Pile Method Construction is the organic combination of Open-cut Foundation Pit Method and Mining Method. The soils cut under the protection of piles and beam and arc. Compared with the traditional method of shallow tunnel construction which is used in the past, Tunnel-Pile Method Construction is more flexible, and it has a better restriction of Ground surface settlement, so this method satisfies the demand of the complex construction environment in the city, and enjoys a great technological advantage.
Taking the Metro Ventilation Tunnel of Jiangtai subway station of Line fourteen as actual background, in this dissertation, Tunnel-Pile Method Construction is researched combined with the Investigation data and FEM calculation. The main works includes:
1. Finite-element analysis is taken on both CRD Method and Tunnel-Pile Method Construction to obtain the Ground displacement which is caused by the two methods. Compare the security, the cost of construction, the construction period of the two methods, and choose a reasonable one subsequent.
2. Conduct FEM calculation and analysis of the three Secondary-lining Construction sequence of Tunnel-Pile Method Construction to obtain the variation of the Ground displacement and the Top arch lining internal force of the different Secondary-lining Construction sequence, compare the security, the cost of construction, the construction period of the three methods to choose a reasonable one subsequent.
3. Calculate and analyze the five Working conditions of the construction process under the circumstances of Tunnel-Pile Inverse method using Load-structure model, and confirm the Adverse Working conditions of the Secondary-lining in the construction.
4. Research the variation of the Ground displacement、The initial support of arch and Enclosure piles under the different Pile diameter and Buried depth of the Enclosure piles based on the Tunnel-Pile Inverse method Working condition. Compared the scope of application、construction technology、Inverse method and the construction period of the Bored pile and the artificial hole-digging pile, and choose the appropriate Drilling mode。
本文以地铁十四号线地铁将台站风道为依托工程,结合现场勘察资料和有限元计算,对洞桩法施工进行研究。研究内容如下：
1.对CRD法和洞桩法进行了有限元计算分析,得出两种工法施工所引起的地层变形情况,并对两种工法的安全性、造价和工期等方面进行了对比分析,以选择合适的施工方法。
2.对洞桩法三种不同的二衬施做顺序进行了有限元计算分析,得出不同二衬施工顺序的地层位移和顶拱初衬内力值的变化规律,并对三种工法的安全性、施工质量、造价等方面进行对比分析,以选择合理的施工顺序。
3.洞桩法逆作法工况下,采用荷载—结构模型对结构施工过程中的五个工况进行了计算分析,以选出施工中结构二衬的不利工况。
4.洞桩法逆作法工况下,通过有限元计算,研究围护桩不同桩径、不同的入土深度时的地表沉降、拱部初期支护和围护桩的变形规律。将钻孔桩与人工挖孔桩在适用范围、施工工艺、施工安全、施工质量、工期和造价等方面进行了对比,以选择合适的挖孔方式及入土深度。
Tunnel-Pile Method Construction is the organic combination of Open-cut Foundation Pit Method and Mining Method. The soils cut under the protection of piles and beam and arc. Compared with the traditional method of shallow tunnel construction which is used in the past, Tunnel-Pile Method Construction is more flexible, and it has a better restriction of Ground surface settlement, so this method satisfies the demand of the complex construction environment in the city, and enjoys a great technological advantage.
Taking the Metro Ventilation Tunnel of Jiangtai subway station of Line fourteen as actual background, in this dissertation, Tunnel-Pile Method Construction is researched combined with the Investigation data and FEM calculation. The main works includes:
1. Finite-element analysis is taken on both CRD Method and Tunnel-Pile Method Construction to obtain the Ground displacement which is caused by the two methods. Compare the security, the cost of construction, the construction period of the two methods, and choose a reasonable one subsequent.
2. Conduct FEM calculation and analysis of the three Secondary-lining Construction sequence of Tunnel-Pile Method Construction to obtain the variation of the Ground displacement and the Top arch lining internal force of the different Secondary-lining Construction sequence, compare the security, the cost of construction, the construction period of the three methods to choose a reasonable one subsequent.
3. Calculate and analyze the five Working conditions of the construction process under the circumstances of Tunnel-Pile Inverse method using Load-structure model, and confirm the Adverse Working conditions of the Secondary-lining in the construction.
4. Research the variation of the Ground displacement、The initial support of arch and Enclosure piles under the different Pile diameter and Buried depth of the Enclosure piles based on the Tunnel-Pile Inverse method Working condition. Compared the scope of application、construction technology、Inverse method and the construction period of the Bored pile and the artificial hole-digging pile, and choose the appropriate Drilling mode。
引文
[1]Peck R B. Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground, State of the Art Report. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Mexico, 1969. 225-290.
[2]Clough G W, Schmidt B. Design and-performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay. Soft Clay Engineering. Chapter 8, Excavations and Tunneling, Brand E W, Brenner R P, Elsevier. 1981:569-634.
[3]O'Reilly M P, New B M. Settlements above tunnels in the UK-their magnitude and prediction. Tunneling' 82. London: IMM, 1982.173-181.
[4]Mair R J, Taylor R N, Brace Girdle A. Subsurface settlement profiles above tunnels in clays. Geotechnique, 1993,43(2):315-320.
[5]Attewell P B, Selby A R. Tunneling in compressible soils: large ground movements and structure implications. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 1989, 4(4):481-489.
[6]Sagaseta C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss. Geotechnique, 1987, 37: 301-320.
[7]Chambon J F, Corte J F. Shallow tunnels in cohesionless soil:stability of tunnel face. Journal of Geotechnical engineering, ASCE, 1994, 120(7):1150-1163.
[8]Imamura S, Nomoto T. Mito K, et al. Design and development of underground construction equipment in a centrifuge. Proc. Int. Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Mair R J, Taylor R N. London: Balkema. 1996, 531-536.
[9]Nomoto T, Mito K, Imamura S, et al. Centrifuge modeling of construction processes of shield tunnel. Proc. Int. Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Mair R J, Taylor R N. London: Balkema. 1996, 567-572.
[10]Verruijt A, Booker J R. Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane, Geotechnique, 1996, 46(4), 753-756.
[11]Loganathan N, Poulos H G. Analytical prediction for tunneling-induced ground movements in clays. J. Geotech. and Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 1998,124(9):846-856.
[12]Rowe, R. K., and Lee, K. M. (1992). An evaluation of simplified techniques for estimating three-dimensional undrained ground movements due to tunneling in soft soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,29:39-52.
[13]李桂花.盾构法施工引起的地面沉陷的估算方法[J].同济大学学报,1986,14(2)：253-261.
[14]美礼,钱家欢,陈绪禄,粘弹塑性有限单元法及其在隧道分析中的应用[J].土木工程学报,1993,26(3)：13-21.
[15]李晓霖,地铁车站PBA上法的数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(5)：928—932.
[16]宋月光,杨慧林,李涛.地铁洞桩法施工阶段地下洞室的受力分析[J].铁道标准设计,2005(7)：97-99.
[17]高成雷,朱永全.浅埋暗挖洞桩法的三维有限元模拟分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2002(3)：44-47.
[18]高成雷,朱永全.浅埋暗挖洞桩法参数敏感性分析[J].岩土力学.2007,28：536-540.
[19]吕波.洞桩法地下基坑时空效应分析与施工技术研究[J].现代隧道技术.2008,45(3)：54-60.
[20]瞿万波,刘新荣,黄瑞金,刘明忠.浅埋大跨洞桩隧道变形监测与控制分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程.2009,31(1)：38-43.
[21]瞿万波.洞桩法大断面群洞交义隧道初衬数值模拟[J].岩土力学.2009(9)：2799-2804.
[22]耿东阳,赵文,周永伟,李艺.地铁车站洞桩法开挖中板下土体的侧向作用研究[J].探矿工程：岩土钻掘工程.2010,3：71-73,81.
[23]丁文娟,李兆平.采用洞桩法施工地铁车站的导洞开挖方案研究[J].岩土锚固工程.2011,1：27-33.
[24]曾冰海.洞桩法(PBA)暗挖多跨地铁车站扣拱施工[J].隧道建设.2010,30(4)：456-460.
[25]杜彬,谭忠盛,王梦恕.地铁车站洞桩法施工对地层及邻近桩基的影响规律[J].北京交通大学学报：自然科学版.2008,3(32)：30-36.
[26]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,1993：1-2.
[27]谢贻权,林钟祥,丁皓江.弹性力学[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,1988.
[28]王仁,黄文彬,黄筑平.塑性力学引论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1992.
[29]周顺华.开挖理论[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1999.
[30]覃仁辉等.隧道工程[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2001.
[31]梁敏之.地铁车站洞桩法施工过程力学机理分析[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[32]陈东.沈阳地铁青年大街站PBA工法的研究与应用[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[33]王雪琴,张春钢.超大断面隧道分部开挖施工技术[J].铁道建筑,2009,8：58-60.
[34]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2003.
[35]刘铁民.地下工程安全评价[M].北京：北京科学出版社,2005.
[36]刘钊,余才高,周振强.地铁工程设计与施工[M].北京：北京人民交通出版社,2004.
[37]徐干成,白洪才.地下工程支护结构[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[38]刘钧.关于地下工程的开挖计算[J].水文地质工程地质,1991,18(3)：27-31.
[39]王歇成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[40]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1983.
[41]朱泽民.地铁暗挖车站洞桩法施工技术[J].四川建筑,2006(5)：122-124.
[42]中家国.浅埋暗挖地铁车站洞桩支承法施工技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2001(2)：10-12.
[43]王树才,黄治平,安玉波.北京地铁十号线呼家楼车站主体施工方案比选[J].铁道建筑,2006(3)：44-46.
[44]陶连金,边金,张印涛.两种浅埋暗挖法开挖地铁车站的比较[J].北京工业大学学报,2004.30(2)：180-184.
[45]莫勇.PBA工法洞内钻孔桩施工[J].西部探矿工程,2006(8)：155-157.
[46]何业勇,傅志强.暗挖地铁车站洞内钻孔围护桩施工技术[J].市政技术,2009,27(4)：385-387.
[47]于宇,周胜军.北京地铁10号线国贸站洞内桩施工技术[J].铁道标准设计,2008(12)：224-227.
[2]Clough G W, Schmidt B. Design and-performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay. Soft Clay Engineering. Chapter 8, Excavations and Tunneling, Brand E W, Brenner R P, Elsevier. 1981:569-634.
[3]O'Reilly M P, New B M. Settlements above tunnels in the UK-their magnitude and prediction. Tunneling' 82. London: IMM, 1982.173-181.
[4]Mair R J, Taylor R N, Brace Girdle A. Subsurface settlement profiles above tunnels in clays. Geotechnique, 1993,43(2):315-320.
[5]Attewell P B, Selby A R. Tunneling in compressible soils: large ground movements and structure implications. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 1989, 4(4):481-489.
[6]Sagaseta C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss. Geotechnique, 1987, 37: 301-320.
[7]Chambon J F, Corte J F. Shallow tunnels in cohesionless soil:stability of tunnel face. Journal of Geotechnical engineering, ASCE, 1994, 120(7):1150-1163.
[8]Imamura S, Nomoto T. Mito K, et al. Design and development of underground construction equipment in a centrifuge. Proc. Int. Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Mair R J, Taylor R N. London: Balkema. 1996, 531-536.
[9]Nomoto T, Mito K, Imamura S, et al. Centrifuge modeling of construction processes of shield tunnel. Proc. Int. Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Mair R J, Taylor R N. London: Balkema. 1996, 567-572.
[10]Verruijt A, Booker J R. Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane, Geotechnique, 1996, 46(4), 753-756.
[11]Loganathan N, Poulos H G. Analytical prediction for tunneling-induced ground movements in clays. J. Geotech. and Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 1998,124(9):846-856.
[12]Rowe, R. K., and Lee, K. M. (1992). An evaluation of simplified techniques for estimating three-dimensional undrained ground movements due to tunneling in soft soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,29:39-52.
[13]李桂花.盾构法施工引起的地面沉陷的估算方法[J].同济大学学报,1986,14(2)：253-261.
[14]美礼,钱家欢,陈绪禄,粘弹塑性有限单元法及其在隧道分析中的应用[J].土木工程学报,1993,26(3)：13-21.
[15]李晓霖,地铁车站PBA上法的数值模拟研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(5)：928—932.
[16]宋月光,杨慧林,李涛.地铁洞桩法施工阶段地下洞室的受力分析[J].铁道标准设计,2005(7)：97-99.
[17]高成雷,朱永全.浅埋暗挖洞桩法的三维有限元模拟分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2002(3)：44-47.
[18]高成雷,朱永全.浅埋暗挖洞桩法参数敏感性分析[J].岩土力学.2007,28：536-540.
[19]吕波.洞桩法地下基坑时空效应分析与施工技术研究[J].现代隧道技术.2008,45(3)：54-60.
[20]瞿万波,刘新荣,黄瑞金,刘明忠.浅埋大跨洞桩隧道变形监测与控制分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程.2009,31(1)：38-43.
[21]瞿万波.洞桩法大断面群洞交义隧道初衬数值模拟[J].岩土力学.2009(9)：2799-2804.
[22]耿东阳,赵文,周永伟,李艺.地铁车站洞桩法开挖中板下土体的侧向作用研究[J].探矿工程：岩土钻掘工程.2010,3：71-73,81.
[23]丁文娟,李兆平.采用洞桩法施工地铁车站的导洞开挖方案研究[J].岩土锚固工程.2011,1：27-33.
[24]曾冰海.洞桩法(PBA)暗挖多跨地铁车站扣拱施工[J].隧道建设.2010,30(4)：456-460.
[25]杜彬,谭忠盛,王梦恕.地铁车站洞桩法施工对地层及邻近桩基的影响规律[J].北京交通大学学报：自然科学版.2008,3(32)：30-36.
[26]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,1993：1-2.
[27]谢贻权,林钟祥,丁皓江.弹性力学[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,1988.
[28]王仁,黄文彬,黄筑平.塑性力学引论[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1992.
[29]周顺华.开挖理论[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1999.
[30]覃仁辉等.隧道工程[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2001.
[31]梁敏之.地铁车站洞桩法施工过程力学机理分析[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[32]陈东.沈阳地铁青年大街站PBA工法的研究与应用[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[33]王雪琴,张春钢.超大断面隧道分部开挖施工技术[J].铁道建筑,2009,8：58-60.
[34]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2003.
[35]刘铁民.地下工程安全评价[M].北京：北京科学出版社,2005.
[36]刘钊,余才高,周振强.地铁工程设计与施工[M].北京：北京人民交通出版社,2004.
[37]徐干成,白洪才.地下工程支护结构[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[38]刘钧.关于地下工程的开挖计算[J].水文地质工程地质,1991,18(3)：27-31.
[39]王歇成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003.
[40]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1983.
[41]朱泽民.地铁暗挖车站洞桩法施工技术[J].四川建筑,2006(5)：122-124.
[42]中家国.浅埋暗挖地铁车站洞桩支承法施工技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2001(2)：10-12.
[43]王树才,黄治平,安玉波.北京地铁十号线呼家楼车站主体施工方案比选[J].铁道建筑,2006(3)：44-46.
[44]陶连金,边金,张印涛.两种浅埋暗挖法开挖地铁车站的比较[J].北京工业大学学报,2004.30(2)：180-184.
[45]莫勇.PBA工法洞内钻孔桩施工[J].西部探矿工程,2006(8)：155-157.
[46]何业勇,傅志强.暗挖地铁车站洞内钻孔围护桩施工技术[J].市政技术,2009,27(4)：385-387.
[47]于宇,周胜军.北京地铁10号线国贸站洞内桩施工技术[J].铁道标准设计,2008(12)：224-227.