大学生自我概念与其职业成熟度的相关研究
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摘要
在新的历史条件下,大学生职业心理研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。职业成熟度是指个人掌握与其职业发展阶段相适应的职业发展目标的程度。职业成熟度作为职业心理理论中的一个重要概念,其研究价值逐渐得到人们的认可和重视。研究大学生职业成熟度的特点和影响因素,能够加强对当代大学生职业心理特点的了解,提高高等院校职业咨询和辅导的有效性和针对性,促进大学生职业心理的发展和成熟。
本研究以长江师范学院大学四年级的400名学生作为研究对象,研究了大学生职业成熟度的特点,大学生自我概念与其职业成熟度的关系。研究工具为《田纳西自我概念量表》和《职业成熟度量表》。研究得到以下结论:
(1)不同性别的大学生在职业成熟度的各因素及总分上不存在显著性差异。
(2)不同专业的大学生在职业成熟度的职业认知、职业态度、职业选择三个因素上都存在显著性差异。
(3)不同家庭背景的大学生在职业成熟度的价值观念、条件评估两个因素上存在显著性差异。
(4)大学生的自我概念与其职业成熟度存在显著相关。大学生职业成熟度的各个因素和总分都从低自我概念组向高自我概念组成呈上升趋势,不同自我概念组的大学生在职业成熟度的总分及各纬度均存在显著差异。
In the new conditions, the career psychology research of college students is very important. Career maturity is the extent to which individual is ready for coping with career development tasks appropriate to his or her age.Because career maturity is an important concept in career psychology theory,so people gradually pay attention to its value of reaserch.To investigate the career maturity status of college students and its correlation factors can make us learn more about their career psychological development characteristics,which will improve the effects and focus of career counseling and help college students to develop their own career psychology and career maturity.
In this study, I investigated college student career maturity and its relationships to self-concept.Subjects were 400 college students in senior year in Yangtze Normal University.Each student completed the following measures: Tennessee Self Concept Scale,and Career Maturity Scale. Conclusions were as following:
(1) Gender difference was not significant in career maturity as indexed by all factors and total score.
(2)Major difference was found in career maturity as indexed by vocational cognition, vocational attitude and vocational selection.
(3) Difference of the origin of family was found in career maturity as indexed by value and conditional assessment.
(4) There was significant correlation between self-concept and career maturity.Career maturity increased from low self-concept score group to high self-concept score group.There was significant difference among different levels of self-concept.
本研究以长江师范学院大学四年级的400名学生作为研究对象,研究了大学生职业成熟度的特点,大学生自我概念与其职业成熟度的关系。研究工具为《田纳西自我概念量表》和《职业成熟度量表》。研究得到以下结论:
(1)不同性别的大学生在职业成熟度的各因素及总分上不存在显著性差异。
(2)不同专业的大学生在职业成熟度的职业认知、职业态度、职业选择三个因素上都存在显著性差异。
(3)不同家庭背景的大学生在职业成熟度的价值观念、条件评估两个因素上存在显著性差异。
(4)大学生的自我概念与其职业成熟度存在显著相关。大学生职业成熟度的各个因素和总分都从低自我概念组向高自我概念组成呈上升趋势,不同自我概念组的大学生在职业成熟度的总分及各纬度均存在显著差异。
In the new conditions, the career psychology research of college students is very important. Career maturity is the extent to which individual is ready for coping with career development tasks appropriate to his or her age.Because career maturity is an important concept in career psychology theory,so people gradually pay attention to its value of reaserch.To investigate the career maturity status of college students and its correlation factors can make us learn more about their career psychological development characteristics,which will improve the effects and focus of career counseling and help college students to develop their own career psychology and career maturity.
In this study, I investigated college student career maturity and its relationships to self-concept.Subjects were 400 college students in senior year in Yangtze Normal University.Each student completed the following measures: Tennessee Self Concept Scale,and Career Maturity Scale. Conclusions were as following:
(1) Gender difference was not significant in career maturity as indexed by all factors and total score.
(2)Major difference was found in career maturity as indexed by vocational cognition, vocational attitude and vocational selection.
(3) Difference of the origin of family was found in career maturity as indexed by value and conditional assessment.
(4) There was significant correlation between self-concept and career maturity.Career maturity increased from low self-concept score group to high self-concept score group.There was significant difference among different levels of self-concept.
引文
[1]章志光,金盛华.社会心理学,北京:人民教育出版社,1998,89-101
[2]贺岭峰.自我概念研究的概述.心理学动态,1996,4(3):41-44
[3]李德显.关于大学生自我概念发展的研究.心理科学,1996,19(1):58-59
[4]王振宏,梁三才.大学生自我概念与心理健康水平关系研究.健康心理学杂志,2000,8(3):257-259
[5]蔺桂瑞.职业自我概念与大学生职业指导.首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),2002年增刊:107-109
[6]鞠红霞.自我概念研究综述.柳州职业技术学院学报,2002,2(1):63-65
[7]李晶,瞿敏.大学生人人际关系与自我概念之间的相关性研究.济宁医学院学报,2003,26(1):51
[8]张立迎,甄淼淼.大学生自我概念与学业成就关系研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,5(3):123-125
[9]姚信.大学生自我概念发展状况研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(1):42-44
[10]杨秀君,任国华.近20年来中国的自我研究回顾.宁波大学学报,2003,25(1):5-8
[11]刘岸英.自我概念的理论回顾及发展走向.心理科学,2004,27(1):248-249
[12]金盛华.自我概念及其发展.北京师范大学生学报(社会科学版),1996,1,30-36
[13]朱晓红,马莲.论自我概念及其对现代教育的启示.呼伦贝尔学院学报,2004,12(3):41-42
[14]李洁.大学生职业自我概念及其在职业指导中的应用.硕士论文.南京:南京师范大学.2005,3
[15]梁芹生.高校贫困生自我概念与心理健康的相关研究.高等教育研究,2005年11期
[16]金盛华.自我概念及其发展.北京师范大学生学报(社会科学版),1996,1,30-36
[17]何先友.小学生数学自我效能、自我概念与数学成绩关系的研究.心理发展与教育,1998(1):45-48
[18]金盛华,田丽丽中学生价值观、自我概念与生活满意度的关系研究心理发展与教育,2003(2):57-63
[19]郭成,何晓燕,张大均.学业自我概念及其与学业成绩的研究述评.心理科学,2006,29(1):133-136
[20]沈梅.自我概念的理论述评.湖北教育学院学报,2007,24(7):70-72
[21]黄希庭.青少年身体自我研究述评.西北师范大学学报(社会科学版),2000(6)
[22]刘克俭,顾瑜琦.职业心理学.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2005
[23]黄希庭,郑涌.当代中国大学生心理特点与教育.上海:上海教育出版社,1999
[24]黄希庭,张志杰.心理学研究方法.北京:高等教育出版社,2005
[25]吕建国,孟慧.职业心理学.大连:东北财经大学出版社,2000
[26]顾雪英.大学生职业指导.北京:人民教育出版社,2005
[27]陈社育.大学生职业心理辅导.北京:北京出版社,2003
[28]龙立龙,方俐洛,凌文辁.职业成熟度研究进展.心理科学,2000,23(5):595-598
[29]芦晓,赵守盈.中国大学生职业成熟度研究综述.职业技术教育(理论版),2007,28(7):69-71
[30]朱云立.职业成熟度理论及其在大学生中的应用研究.硕士论文.南京:南京师范大学.2003,3
[31]杨玲.高职生职业成熟度探析.长三角职教,2007(1):50-52
[32]杨玲.高职不同性别学生职业成熟度比较.中国职业技术教育,2007(11)
[33]马远.职业进入前青年人的职业成熟度问卷研制及影响因素探讨.硕士论文.广州:暨南大学.2003
[34]刘慧.中学生职业成熟度发展特点研究.硕士论文.重庆:西南师范大学.2D04
[35]冯剑锋.职业成熟度理论及其对职校生的评价标准.职教通讯,2002.1
[36]秦丹萍.自我概念和心理控制源与大学生职业成熟度的相关研究.硕士论文.上海:华东师范大学.2007
[37]Reynolds,W..M..Measurement of academic self-concept in college students.Journal of Personality Assessment.1988,52(2):223-240
[38]Greenwald A G,Farnham S D.Using the Implicit Association Test to Measure Self-Esteem and Self-concept.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2000,79(6):1022-1038
[39]Kroner,Stephan,Biermann,Antje.The Relationship between Confidence and Self-concept towards a Model of Response Confidence.Intelligence,2007(35)6:580-590
[40]Chin-chuan Kao,Diane Hammon Kellegrwe.Self-concept,achievement and occupation in gifted Taiwanese adolescents.Occupational Therapy International.2000,7(2):121-133
[41]Hardin,E.E.,Leong,F.T.L.&Osipow,S.H.Cultural relativity in the conceptualization of career maturity.Journal of Vocational Behavior,2001,58(1),36-52
[42]Campbell J D,Assanand S&Di Paula A.The structure of the self-concept and its relation to psychological adjustment.Journal of Personality,2003,71:115-140
[43]Patton,W.&Creed,P.A.Developmental issues in career matutity and career decision status.Career Development Quarterly.2001,49(4)
[44]Fouad,N.A.&Arbona,C.Career in a cultural context.Career Development Quarterly.1994,43(1)
[45] Westbrook,B.W. &Sanford,E.E.(1991).The validity of career maturity attitude measures among Black and Write high school students.The Career Development Quarterly,39(3),199-208
[46] Arthur,M.B.,Hall D.Y. &Lawrence,B.S.Handbook of career theory,Cambrige University Press,1989
[47] Crites,J.O. Problem in the measurement of vocational maturity.Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1976,9,105-118
[48] Fouad,N.A., &Keeley,T.J. The relationship between attitudinal and behanvioral aspects of career maturity.The Career Development Quarterly, 1992,40,257-271
[49] Ginzberg,E.Towards a theory of occupational choice:A restatement.Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 1972,20,169-176
[50] King,S.Sex differences in a causal model of career attitudes to age and career progress during college.Journal of Counseling & Development,1989,68(2),208-216
[51] Lundberg,D.J.Career maturity and personality preferences of Mexican-American and Anglo-American adolescents.Journal of Career Development,1997,23(3),203-213
[52] Luzzo,D.A.Social class and ethnic differences in college students'career maturity:A quantitative and qualitative analysis, 1998
[53] Luzzo,D.A.Gender difference in college students'career maturity and perceived barriers in career development.Journey of Counseling & Development,1995,319-325
[54] Westbrook,B.W.Career maturity:The concept,the instruments, and the research.In Walsh,W.B. & Osipow S.H.(Eds.)Handbook of vocational psychology, 1984,1,263-303
[55] Westbrook,B.W. The relationship between career maturity test scores and appropriateness of career choices: Areplication. Journey of Vocational Behavior, 1990,36( 1 ),20-32
[56] Levinson,E.M.,Ohler,D.L.,Caswell,S.& Kiewra,K.Six approaches to the assessment of career maturity. Journal of counseling & Development, 1998,76(4) ,475-478
[57] Patton,W.,& Creed,P.A. Development issue in career maturity and career decision status.The Career Development Quarterly, 1996,44(3),278-289
[58] Savickas,M.L.,Briddick,W.C.& Watkins,E. The relation of career maturity to personality type and social adjustment. Journal of Career Assessment,2002,10,24-41
[59] Borges,Nicole J.Richard,George V.Duffy,Ryan D. Career Maturity of Students in Accelerated Versus Traditional Programs. Career Development Quarterly,2007(56)2:171 -176
[2]贺岭峰.自我概念研究的概述.心理学动态,1996,4(3):41-44
[3]李德显.关于大学生自我概念发展的研究.心理科学,1996,19(1):58-59
[4]王振宏,梁三才.大学生自我概念与心理健康水平关系研究.健康心理学杂志,2000,8(3):257-259
[5]蔺桂瑞.职业自我概念与大学生职业指导.首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),2002年增刊:107-109
[6]鞠红霞.自我概念研究综述.柳州职业技术学院学报,2002,2(1):63-65
[7]李晶,瞿敏.大学生人人际关系与自我概念之间的相关性研究.济宁医学院学报,2003,26(1):51
[8]张立迎,甄淼淼.大学生自我概念与学业成就关系研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,5(3):123-125
[9]姚信.大学生自我概念发展状况研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(1):42-44
[10]杨秀君,任国华.近20年来中国的自我研究回顾.宁波大学学报,2003,25(1):5-8
[11]刘岸英.自我概念的理论回顾及发展走向.心理科学,2004,27(1):248-249
[12]金盛华.自我概念及其发展.北京师范大学生学报(社会科学版),1996,1,30-36
[13]朱晓红,马莲.论自我概念及其对现代教育的启示.呼伦贝尔学院学报,2004,12(3):41-42
[14]李洁.大学生职业自我概念及其在职业指导中的应用.硕士论文.南京:南京师范大学.2005,3
[15]梁芹生.高校贫困生自我概念与心理健康的相关研究.高等教育研究,2005年11期
[16]金盛华.自我概念及其发展.北京师范大学生学报(社会科学版),1996,1,30-36
[17]何先友.小学生数学自我效能、自我概念与数学成绩关系的研究.心理发展与教育,1998(1):45-48
[18]金盛华,田丽丽中学生价值观、自我概念与生活满意度的关系研究心理发展与教育,2003(2):57-63
[19]郭成,何晓燕,张大均.学业自我概念及其与学业成绩的研究述评.心理科学,2006,29(1):133-136
[20]沈梅.自我概念的理论述评.湖北教育学院学报,2007,24(7):70-72
[21]黄希庭.青少年身体自我研究述评.西北师范大学学报(社会科学版),2000(6)
[22]刘克俭,顾瑜琦.职业心理学.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2005
[23]黄希庭,郑涌.当代中国大学生心理特点与教育.上海:上海教育出版社,1999
[24]黄希庭,张志杰.心理学研究方法.北京:高等教育出版社,2005
[25]吕建国,孟慧.职业心理学.大连:东北财经大学出版社,2000
[26]顾雪英.大学生职业指导.北京:人民教育出版社,2005
[27]陈社育.大学生职业心理辅导.北京:北京出版社,2003
[28]龙立龙,方俐洛,凌文辁.职业成熟度研究进展.心理科学,2000,23(5):595-598
[29]芦晓,赵守盈.中国大学生职业成熟度研究综述.职业技术教育(理论版),2007,28(7):69-71
[30]朱云立.职业成熟度理论及其在大学生中的应用研究.硕士论文.南京:南京师范大学.2003,3
[31]杨玲.高职生职业成熟度探析.长三角职教,2007(1):50-52
[32]杨玲.高职不同性别学生职业成熟度比较.中国职业技术教育,2007(11)
[33]马远.职业进入前青年人的职业成熟度问卷研制及影响因素探讨.硕士论文.广州:暨南大学.2003
[34]刘慧.中学生职业成熟度发展特点研究.硕士论文.重庆:西南师范大学.2D04
[35]冯剑锋.职业成熟度理论及其对职校生的评价标准.职教通讯,2002.1
[36]秦丹萍.自我概念和心理控制源与大学生职业成熟度的相关研究.硕士论文.上海:华东师范大学.2007
[37]Reynolds,W..M..Measurement of academic self-concept in college students.Journal of Personality Assessment.1988,52(2):223-240
[38]Greenwald A G,Farnham S D.Using the Implicit Association Test to Measure Self-Esteem and Self-concept.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2000,79(6):1022-1038
[39]Kroner,Stephan,Biermann,Antje.The Relationship between Confidence and Self-concept towards a Model of Response Confidence.Intelligence,2007(35)6:580-590
[40]Chin-chuan Kao,Diane Hammon Kellegrwe.Self-concept,achievement and occupation in gifted Taiwanese adolescents.Occupational Therapy International.2000,7(2):121-133
[41]Hardin,E.E.,Leong,F.T.L.&Osipow,S.H.Cultural relativity in the conceptualization of career maturity.Journal of Vocational Behavior,2001,58(1),36-52
[42]Campbell J D,Assanand S&Di Paula A.The structure of the self-concept and its relation to psychological adjustment.Journal of Personality,2003,71:115-140
[43]Patton,W.&Creed,P.A.Developmental issues in career matutity and career decision status.Career Development Quarterly.2001,49(4)
[44]Fouad,N.A.&Arbona,C.Career in a cultural context.Career Development Quarterly.1994,43(1)
[45] Westbrook,B.W. &Sanford,E.E.(1991).The validity of career maturity attitude measures among Black and Write high school students.The Career Development Quarterly,39(3),199-208
[46] Arthur,M.B.,Hall D.Y. &Lawrence,B.S.Handbook of career theory,Cambrige University Press,1989
[47] Crites,J.O. Problem in the measurement of vocational maturity.Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1976,9,105-118
[48] Fouad,N.A., &Keeley,T.J. The relationship between attitudinal and behanvioral aspects of career maturity.The Career Development Quarterly, 1992,40,257-271
[49] Ginzberg,E.Towards a theory of occupational choice:A restatement.Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 1972,20,169-176
[50] King,S.Sex differences in a causal model of career attitudes to age and career progress during college.Journal of Counseling & Development,1989,68(2),208-216
[51] Lundberg,D.J.Career maturity and personality preferences of Mexican-American and Anglo-American adolescents.Journal of Career Development,1997,23(3),203-213
[52] Luzzo,D.A.Social class and ethnic differences in college students'career maturity:A quantitative and qualitative analysis, 1998
[53] Luzzo,D.A.Gender difference in college students'career maturity and perceived barriers in career development.Journey of Counseling & Development,1995,319-325
[54] Westbrook,B.W.Career maturity:The concept,the instruments, and the research.In Walsh,W.B. & Osipow S.H.(Eds.)Handbook of vocational psychology, 1984,1,263-303
[55] Westbrook,B.W. The relationship between career maturity test scores and appropriateness of career choices: Areplication. Journey of Vocational Behavior, 1990,36( 1 ),20-32
[56] Levinson,E.M.,Ohler,D.L.,Caswell,S.& Kiewra,K.Six approaches to the assessment of career maturity. Journal of counseling & Development, 1998,76(4) ,475-478
[57] Patton,W.,& Creed,P.A. Development issue in career maturity and career decision status.The Career Development Quarterly, 1996,44(3),278-289
[58] Savickas,M.L.,Briddick,W.C.& Watkins,E. The relation of career maturity to personality type and social adjustment. Journal of Career Assessment,2002,10,24-41
[59] Borges,Nicole J.Richard,George V.Duffy,Ryan D. Career Maturity of Students in Accelerated Versus Traditional Programs. Career Development Quarterly,2007(56)2:171 -176