基于少模光纤光栅的柱矢量光激光器研究
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摘要
柱矢量光束,包括径向偏振,角向偏振和混合态偏振光,是指电场在光束横截面上具有轴对称分布的一类空间非均匀偏振光束。这种偏振特性使得柱矢量光束在光学捕获、粒子加速、激光加工、高分辨显示等领域有着显著的应用前景。
在普通阶跃光纤的本征解中,LP11的四个简并模：TM01模、TE01模以及HE21e/0分别对应着径向,角向和混合态偏振光,因此利用少模光纤可以有效的激发柱矢量光束。通过将能量从基模耦合到高阶简并模LP11模上,并采用一定偏振控制手段即可实现径向偏振和角向偏振模式的选择输出。
本文主要基于光纤模式特性和耦合模理论,分析不同类型少模光纤光栅的特性,并设计了相应的全光纤柱矢量激光器模型,提升在少模光纤内模式转换的效率,同时有效抑制光纤中LP01模成分,实现高偏振纯度的径向偏振和角向偏振光的可调谐输出。
本研究课题得到了国家自然科学基金和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金等项目的资助。
本文主要研究内容包括：
1.基于均匀布拉格光栅的少模掺镱光纤激光器研究。设计少模掺镱光纤激光器模型,利用少模光纤光栅选择满足位相匹配条件的自发辐射光,使其谐振输出。通过三维速率方程分析不同结构参数,如泵浦功率、掺杂容度、光栅锴振波长等,对少模光纤内模式竞争的影响。利用环形掺杂掺镱光纤或者光学滤波装置实现了对LP01模成分的完全抑制,得到了高纯度柱矢量光束输出,并且有效降低激光器的阈值功率,提升了斜率效率。
2.横向非对称折射率分布的少模光纤光栅的研究。分析比较了不同光栅结构内,横向非对称折射率分布对模式的耦合以及耦合效率的影响。基于横向非对称长周期光栅,在普通少模光纤上实现了TE01模与其他简并模在波长上的分离。通过设计三环结构的光纤光栅,使得TM01模、TE01模以及HE21e/0模在光谱上的分离,实现了径向偏振和角向偏振的可调谐输出。
3.少模光纤中螺旋光栅的研究。由于HE21e/0模的叠加可以生成高纯度的涡旋光束,基于单面曝光刻写的光栅所具有横向非均匀折射率分布的特点,设计了利用掩模板法刻写螺旋形布拉格光栅的方案。理论分析了少模光纤中布拉格型螺旋光栅的特性,并基于三环结构光纤光栅的特性,设计相应的少模光纤激光器得到了高纯度涡旋光束。
本论文的主要创新点：
1.建立三维速率方程分析少模掺镱光纤内不同横模场之间的模式竞争,设计利用环形掺杂掺镱光纤或者光学滤波装置的方案,完全抑制了激光器内的基模成分,得到高纯度柱矢量光束输出,同时激光器的斜率效率最高可以达到60%。
2.通过在普通少模光纤内刻写横向非对称长周期光栅得到了TE01模的单横模输出。设计三环结构的光纤光栅,实现了TM01模、TE01模以及HE21e/0模在光谱上的分离,得到了径向偏振和角向偏振的可调谐输出。
3.基于掩模板法,设计了布拉格型螺旋光栅的刻写方案。利用三环结构光纤光栅,在少模光纤中设计了基于布拉格型的螺旋光栅的光纤激光器得到了高纯度涡旋光束,并实现了不同阶次涡旋光束的可调谐输出。
Cylindrical vector (CV) beams, including radially, azimuthally and hybrid polarized beams, have attracted greatly attention in recent years. Characterized by its polarization symmetric, CV beams have many attractive applications, such as particle acceleration, optical trapping, laser machining, and microscope.
Various methods have been used to generate CV beams, such as using an intracavity birefringent lens, producing a space-variant polarization converters or sub-wavelength grating. All-fiber designs are also proposed, which enable the generation in an easy and flexible way. The degenerate LPn mode includes radially (TM01), azimuthally (TE01) and hybrid (HE21e/o) polarized beams. By exciting LP11mode in a few-mode fiber, both TM01and TE01modes become switchable using polarization controllers (PCs).
In this work, we using different kinds of few-mode fiber gratings to generated CV beams in few-mode fiber laser, with the aim to maximize the generation of LP11mode while minimized the effect of fundamental mode. By proper design the grating structure, we get a wavelength tunable output of radially and azimuthally polarized beam with high polarization purity.
This work is supported by Chinese Universities Scientific Fund.
The main research works as follows:
1. Generating CV beams in an Ytterbium-doped few-mode fiber laser by using a uniform few-mode fiber Bragg grating (FM-FBG). Since the two propagation modes have different intensity distribution over the cross-section of the Ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF), we analyze the modes competition based on three-dimensional rate equations. With the aim to minimize the generation of fundamental mode, we analyze the behaviors of propagation mode competition under different conditions, such as resonant wavelength, pump power, YDF length or doping concentration. We find a pure CV beam can be generated by producing a doughnut doping YDF or using an wavelength filter.
2. Contribution of the transverse asymmetric refractive index change profile on the coupling efficiency of fiber grating. It found that transverse asymmetric index profile could be induced during the writing of fiber Bragg gratings with UV side-exposure techniques. We find the coupling efficiency of LP01→LP11can reach100%using this kind of grating, and a pure TE01mode output can be generated on a transverse asymmetric long-period fiber grating (LPFG). By design an M-fiber grating, we get a wavelength tunable output of radially and azimuthally polarized beam.
3. Generating vortex beams by design a helical-few-mode fiber grating. Vortex beams can be generated by a helical-grating in a few-mode fiber due to the superposition of degenerated HE21e/o mode, with a π/2relative phase shift. Since UV side-exposure can induced transverse asymmetric, the helical Bragg grating can be fabricated by rotation of the asymmetric index change along the fiber axis. By writing a helical fiber Bragg grating directly on an M-fiber, a high purity of the desired vortex beams can be generated on a few-mode fiber laser.
The innovative work and results in this thesis are as follows:
1. Based on three-dimensional rate equations, numerical analysis the modes competition in an YDF. A pure CV beam can be generated by producing a doughnut doping YDF or using an wavelength filter, while the generation of LP01mode is completely depressed, the slope efficiency can reach60%.
2. Analysis the Contribution of the transverse asymmetric refractive index change profile on the coupling efficiency of fiber grating. A pure TE01mode output can be generated on a transverse asymmetric long-period fiber grating, and a wavelength tunable output of radially and azimuthally polarized beam can be generated by writing transverse asymmetric grating structure on a M-fiber.
3. Design a method to fabricate helical Bragg gratings using a phase mask. Analysis the coupling theory on a helical fiber Bragg grating. A high purity of the desired vortex beams can be generated on a few-mode fiber laser by writing a helical fiber Bragg grating directly on an M-fiber.
在普通阶跃光纤的本征解中,LP11的四个简并模：TM01模、TE01模以及HE21e/0分别对应着径向,角向和混合态偏振光,因此利用少模光纤可以有效的激发柱矢量光束。通过将能量从基模耦合到高阶简并模LP11模上,并采用一定偏振控制手段即可实现径向偏振和角向偏振模式的选择输出。
本文主要基于光纤模式特性和耦合模理论,分析不同类型少模光纤光栅的特性,并设计了相应的全光纤柱矢量激光器模型,提升在少模光纤内模式转换的效率,同时有效抑制光纤中LP01模成分,实现高偏振纯度的径向偏振和角向偏振光的可调谐输出。
本研究课题得到了国家自然科学基金和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金等项目的资助。
本文主要研究内容包括：
1.基于均匀布拉格光栅的少模掺镱光纤激光器研究。设计少模掺镱光纤激光器模型,利用少模光纤光栅选择满足位相匹配条件的自发辐射光,使其谐振输出。通过三维速率方程分析不同结构参数,如泵浦功率、掺杂容度、光栅锴振波长等,对少模光纤内模式竞争的影响。利用环形掺杂掺镱光纤或者光学滤波装置实现了对LP01模成分的完全抑制,得到了高纯度柱矢量光束输出,并且有效降低激光器的阈值功率,提升了斜率效率。
2.横向非对称折射率分布的少模光纤光栅的研究。分析比较了不同光栅结构内,横向非对称折射率分布对模式的耦合以及耦合效率的影响。基于横向非对称长周期光栅,在普通少模光纤上实现了TE01模与其他简并模在波长上的分离。通过设计三环结构的光纤光栅,使得TM01模、TE01模以及HE21e/0模在光谱上的分离,实现了径向偏振和角向偏振的可调谐输出。
3.少模光纤中螺旋光栅的研究。由于HE21e/0模的叠加可以生成高纯度的涡旋光束,基于单面曝光刻写的光栅所具有横向非均匀折射率分布的特点,设计了利用掩模板法刻写螺旋形布拉格光栅的方案。理论分析了少模光纤中布拉格型螺旋光栅的特性,并基于三环结构光纤光栅的特性,设计相应的少模光纤激光器得到了高纯度涡旋光束。
本论文的主要创新点：
1.建立三维速率方程分析少模掺镱光纤内不同横模场之间的模式竞争,设计利用环形掺杂掺镱光纤或者光学滤波装置的方案,完全抑制了激光器内的基模成分,得到高纯度柱矢量光束输出,同时激光器的斜率效率最高可以达到60%。
2.通过在普通少模光纤内刻写横向非对称长周期光栅得到了TE01模的单横模输出。设计三环结构的光纤光栅,实现了TM01模、TE01模以及HE21e/0模在光谱上的分离,得到了径向偏振和角向偏振的可调谐输出。
3.基于掩模板法,设计了布拉格型螺旋光栅的刻写方案。利用三环结构光纤光栅,在少模光纤中设计了基于布拉格型的螺旋光栅的光纤激光器得到了高纯度涡旋光束,并实现了不同阶次涡旋光束的可调谐输出。
Cylindrical vector (CV) beams, including radially, azimuthally and hybrid polarized beams, have attracted greatly attention in recent years. Characterized by its polarization symmetric, CV beams have many attractive applications, such as particle acceleration, optical trapping, laser machining, and microscope.
Various methods have been used to generate CV beams, such as using an intracavity birefringent lens, producing a space-variant polarization converters or sub-wavelength grating. All-fiber designs are also proposed, which enable the generation in an easy and flexible way. The degenerate LPn mode includes radially (TM01), azimuthally (TE01) and hybrid (HE21e/o) polarized beams. By exciting LP11mode in a few-mode fiber, both TM01and TE01modes become switchable using polarization controllers (PCs).
In this work, we using different kinds of few-mode fiber gratings to generated CV beams in few-mode fiber laser, with the aim to maximize the generation of LP11mode while minimized the effect of fundamental mode. By proper design the grating structure, we get a wavelength tunable output of radially and azimuthally polarized beam with high polarization purity.
This work is supported by Chinese Universities Scientific Fund.
The main research works as follows:
1. Generating CV beams in an Ytterbium-doped few-mode fiber laser by using a uniform few-mode fiber Bragg grating (FM-FBG). Since the two propagation modes have different intensity distribution over the cross-section of the Ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF), we analyze the modes competition based on three-dimensional rate equations. With the aim to minimize the generation of fundamental mode, we analyze the behaviors of propagation mode competition under different conditions, such as resonant wavelength, pump power, YDF length or doping concentration. We find a pure CV beam can be generated by producing a doughnut doping YDF or using an wavelength filter.
2. Contribution of the transverse asymmetric refractive index change profile on the coupling efficiency of fiber grating. It found that transverse asymmetric index profile could be induced during the writing of fiber Bragg gratings with UV side-exposure techniques. We find the coupling efficiency of LP01→LP11can reach100%using this kind of grating, and a pure TE01mode output can be generated on a transverse asymmetric long-period fiber grating (LPFG). By design an M-fiber grating, we get a wavelength tunable output of radially and azimuthally polarized beam.
3. Generating vortex beams by design a helical-few-mode fiber grating. Vortex beams can be generated by a helical-grating in a few-mode fiber due to the superposition of degenerated HE21e/o mode, with a π/2relative phase shift. Since UV side-exposure can induced transverse asymmetric, the helical Bragg grating can be fabricated by rotation of the asymmetric index change along the fiber axis. By writing a helical fiber Bragg grating directly on an M-fiber, a high purity of the desired vortex beams can be generated on a few-mode fiber laser.
The innovative work and results in this thesis are as follows:
1. Based on three-dimensional rate equations, numerical analysis the modes competition in an YDF. A pure CV beam can be generated by producing a doughnut doping YDF or using an wavelength filter, while the generation of LP01mode is completely depressed, the slope efficiency can reach60%.
2. Analysis the Contribution of the transverse asymmetric refractive index change profile on the coupling efficiency of fiber grating. A pure TE01mode output can be generated on a transverse asymmetric long-period fiber grating, and a wavelength tunable output of radially and azimuthally polarized beam can be generated by writing transverse asymmetric grating structure on a M-fiber.
3. Design a method to fabricate helical Bragg gratings using a phase mask. Analysis the coupling theory on a helical fiber Bragg grating. A high purity of the desired vortex beams can be generated on a few-mode fiber laser by writing a helical fiber Bragg grating directly on an M-fiber.
引文
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