基于瞬时功率理论的电网无功功率补偿的研究
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摘要
无功功率是影响电压稳定的一个重要因素，它关系到整个电力系统能否安全稳定的运行。无功功率对电力系统带来很多影响，如：增加设备的容量、增加设备和线路的损耗等等。因此无功补偿技术是多年来研究的重点之一。随着技术的不断进步和发展，各种设备工作时所需要的无功功率不断增大，并且无功功率在电力网络中的分布越来越复杂。因此对无功补偿的要求也越来越高，许多现有的无功补偿方式和设备越来越不适应发展的需要。
本文介绍了功率理论的发展，以及常用的无功补偿方式的原理和特点，同时重点介绍了瞬时功率理论以及以此为基础的静止无功发生器。在此基础上，提出了以瞬时功率理论为基础的静止无功发生器不仅适用于输电系统，而且也适用于三相四线制的配电系统。
文中采用电磁暂态仿真软件PSCAD／EMTDC对以瞬时功率理论为基础的静止无功发生器在几种不同情况下的补偿效果进行了研究，同时也对三相四线制系统的情况进行了仿真，验证了以瞬时功率理论为基础的静止无功发生器同样适用于三相四线制的配电系统这一观点。由此证明其具有广泛的应用前景。
Reactive power is an important factor to the voltage stability, and it is also related to secure and steady operation of the power systems. Reactive power affects the power system in many ways, such as it increases the capacity of the equipment and the loss as in the equipment and the transmission lines. With the developing of the technology, the reactive power demand is increased continuously, and the distributing of reactive power in the power system becomes more and more complex, so the requirement of reactive power compensation is increasingly rigorous.
In this paper, the development of power theory and reactive power compensation equipment are introduced, and the emphasis is on the instantaneous power theory and the Static Var Generator (SVG) based on this theory. This paper presents a viewpoint that the Static Var Generator (SVG) can be used not only in transmission system but also in
three-phase four-wire distribution system.
PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software is used in this paper to test the SVG compensating effects for different operating conditions, including three-phase four-wire operation. The effectiveness of the SVG in the three-phase four-wire system is confirmed.
本文介绍了功率理论的发展，以及常用的无功补偿方式的原理和特点，同时重点介绍了瞬时功率理论以及以此为基础的静止无功发生器。在此基础上，提出了以瞬时功率理论为基础的静止无功发生器不仅适用于输电系统，而且也适用于三相四线制的配电系统。
文中采用电磁暂态仿真软件PSCAD／EMTDC对以瞬时功率理论为基础的静止无功发生器在几种不同情况下的补偿效果进行了研究，同时也对三相四线制系统的情况进行了仿真，验证了以瞬时功率理论为基础的静止无功发生器同样适用于三相四线制的配电系统这一观点。由此证明其具有广泛的应用前景。
Reactive power is an important factor to the voltage stability, and it is also related to secure and steady operation of the power systems. Reactive power affects the power system in many ways, such as it increases the capacity of the equipment and the loss as in the equipment and the transmission lines. With the developing of the technology, the reactive power demand is increased continuously, and the distributing of reactive power in the power system becomes more and more complex, so the requirement of reactive power compensation is increasingly rigorous.
In this paper, the development of power theory and reactive power compensation equipment are introduced, and the emphasis is on the instantaneous power theory and the Static Var Generator (SVG) based on this theory. This paper presents a viewpoint that the Static Var Generator (SVG) can be used not only in transmission system but also in
three-phase four-wire distribution system.
PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software is used in this paper to test the SVG compensating effects for different operating conditions, including three-phase four-wire operation. The effectiveness of the SVG in the three-phase four-wire system is confirmed.
引文
[1] 王兆安，杨君，刘进军，谐波抑制和无功功率补偿，北京，机械工业出版社，1998．
[2] 王茂海，刘会金，通用瞬时功率定义及广义谐波理论，中国电机工程学报，vol．21，no．9，pp．68-73，2001
[3] 华福年，陈宏剑，李仁杰，无功补偿装置综述，沈阳工业大学学报，1998，21(3)：27—31
[4] 陈建业，王仲鸿，韩英铎等，新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)的研究现状，清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，37(7)：7—12
[5] 王兆安 刘进军，电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展，电力电子技术，1997，(1)：100—103
[6] 熊元新，陈允平，正弦电路瞬时功率理论研究，电网技术，2001，25(6)：18—20
[7] E.D. Watanabe, R.M. Stephan, and M. Aredes, "New concepts of instantaneous active and reactive powers in electrical system with generic load", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 8, no. 2, 1993, pp. 697-703
[8] 孙树勤，无功补偿的矢量控制，北京，中国电力出版社，1998
[9] H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, and A. Nabae, "Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components", IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 1984, vol. IA-20, no. 3, pp. 625-630
[10] Arindam Ghosh and Avinash Joshi, "A New Approach to Load Balancing and Power Factor Correction in Power Distribution System", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 2000, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 417-422
[11] 粟时平，陈晓春，王进，用于三相四线制电网的电压型功率因子校正器，电力情报，2000，no．4，pp．22-25
[12] 黄俊，王兆安，电力电子变流技术，第三版，北京，机械工业出版社，1998
[13] Mahesh K. Mishra, Avinash Joshi and Arindam Ghosh, "A new compensation algorithm for balanced and unbalanced distribution systems using generalized instantaneous reactive power", Electric Power Systems Research, 2001, vol. 60,
pp. 29-37
[14] H. Akagi, A. Nabae, and S. Atoh, "Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source PWM converters", IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 1986, vol. IA-22, no. 3, pp. 460-465
[15] F. Z. Peng and J. S. Lai, "Generalized instantaneous reactive power theory for three-phase power system", IEEE Trans. Instrumentation and Measurements, 1996, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 293-297
[16] R. S. Weissbach, G. G. Karady and R. G. Farmer, "Dynamic Voltage Compensation on Distribution Feeders using Flywheel Energy Storage", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 1999, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 465-471
[17] J. L. Willems, "A New Interpretation of The Akagi-Nabae Power Components of Nonsinusoidal Three-Phase Situations", IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 1992, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 523-527
[18] A. Ferrero and G. Superti-Furga, "A New Approach to The Definition of Power Components in Three-Phase System Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions", IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1991, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 568-577
[19] Manitoba HVDC Research Center, PSCAD/EMTDC Users Manual, 1994, Tutorial Manual
[20] L. S. Czarnecki, "Orthogonal Decomposition of The Currents in A 3-Phase Nonlinear Asymmetrical Circuit with A Nonsinusoidal Voltage Source", IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1988, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 30-34
[21] E. Thunberg and L. Soder, "A Norton Approach to Distribution Network Modeling for Harmonic Studies", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 1998, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 272-277
[22] K. V. Patil, R. M. Mathur, J. Jiang and S. H. Hosseini, "Distribution System Compensation Using a New Binary Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 1999, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 459-464
[23] M. Aredes, J. Hafner, K. Heumann, "Three-phase four-wire shunt active filter control strategies", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1997, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 311-318
[24] C.L. Chen, C.E. Lin, C.L. Huang, "Reactive and harmonic current compensation for unbalanced three-phase systems using the synchronous detection method", Electric Power System Research, 1993, vol. 26, pp. 163-170
[25] S.Y. Lee, C.J. Wu, "On-line reactive power compensation schemes for unbalanced three phase four wire distribution feedersa", IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 1993, vol. 8, pp. 1958-1965
[26] H. Fujita, H. Akagi, "A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-series connection of passive and active filters", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1991, vol. 27, pp. 1020-1025
[27] B.N. Singh, Bhim Singh, Ambrish Chandra, Kamal Al-Haddad, "Digital implementation of an advanced static compensator for voltage profile improvement, power-factor correction and balancing of unbalanced reactive loads", Electric Power Systems Research, 2000, vol. 54, pp. 101-111
[28] V.B. Bhavaraju, P.N. Enjeti, "Analysis and design of an active power filter for balancing unbalanced loads", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 1993, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 640-647
[29] J.W. Dixon, J.J. Garcia, L. Moran, "Control system for three-phase active power filter which simultaneously compensators power-factor and unbalanced loads", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 1995, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 635-641
[30] 冯培悌，童梅，基于瞬时功率理论的畸变电硫(或电压)观测方法，浙江大学学报(工学版)，2000，vol．34，no．3，pp．305-311
[31] 林良真，叶林，电磁暂态分析软件包PSCAD／EMTDC，电网技术，2000，24(1)：65—66
[32] Juan Carlos Montano Asquerino, "Strategies of Instantaneous Compensation for Three-Phase Four-Wire Circuits", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2002, Vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1079—1084
[33] 苏成文，金子康，无功补偿与电力电子技术，北京，机械工业出版社，1989
[34] 加拿大电工协会工程与运行分会静止补偿器委员会，静止补偿器用于电力系统无功控制，北京，水利电力出版社，1989
[35] 黄绍平，彭晓，浣喜明，电网无功量的微机检测，电力系统及其自动化学报，
2004，vol．16，no．1，pp．11-13
[36] 杨君，王兆安．三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究．电工技术学报．1995，2，43—48
[2] 王茂海，刘会金，通用瞬时功率定义及广义谐波理论，中国电机工程学报，vol．21，no．9，pp．68-73，2001
[3] 华福年，陈宏剑，李仁杰，无功补偿装置综述，沈阳工业大学学报，1998，21(3)：27—31
[4] 陈建业，王仲鸿，韩英铎等，新型静止无功发生器(ASVG)的研究现状，清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，37(7)：7—12
[5] 王兆安 刘进军，电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展，电力电子技术，1997，(1)：100—103
[6] 熊元新，陈允平，正弦电路瞬时功率理论研究，电网技术，2001，25(6)：18—20
[7] E.D. Watanabe, R.M. Stephan, and M. Aredes, "New concepts of instantaneous active and reactive powers in electrical system with generic load", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 8, no. 2, 1993, pp. 697-703
[8] 孙树勤，无功补偿的矢量控制，北京，中国电力出版社，1998
[9] H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa, and A. Nabae, "Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components", IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 1984, vol. IA-20, no. 3, pp. 625-630
[10] Arindam Ghosh and Avinash Joshi, "A New Approach to Load Balancing and Power Factor Correction in Power Distribution System", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 2000, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 417-422
[11] 粟时平，陈晓春，王进，用于三相四线制电网的电压型功率因子校正器，电力情报，2000，no．4，pp．22-25
[12] 黄俊，王兆安，电力电子变流技术，第三版，北京，机械工业出版社，1998
[13] Mahesh K. Mishra, Avinash Joshi and Arindam Ghosh, "A new compensation algorithm for balanced and unbalanced distribution systems using generalized instantaneous reactive power", Electric Power Systems Research, 2001, vol. 60,
pp. 29-37
[14] H. Akagi, A. Nabae, and S. Atoh, "Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source PWM converters", IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 1986, vol. IA-22, no. 3, pp. 460-465
[15] F. Z. Peng and J. S. Lai, "Generalized instantaneous reactive power theory for three-phase power system", IEEE Trans. Instrumentation and Measurements, 1996, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 293-297
[16] R. S. Weissbach, G. G. Karady and R. G. Farmer, "Dynamic Voltage Compensation on Distribution Feeders using Flywheel Energy Storage", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 1999, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 465-471
[17] J. L. Willems, "A New Interpretation of The Akagi-Nabae Power Components of Nonsinusoidal Three-Phase Situations", IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 1992, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 523-527
[18] A. Ferrero and G. Superti-Furga, "A New Approach to The Definition of Power Components in Three-Phase System Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions", IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1991, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 568-577
[19] Manitoba HVDC Research Center, PSCAD/EMTDC Users Manual, 1994, Tutorial Manual
[20] L. S. Czarnecki, "Orthogonal Decomposition of The Currents in A 3-Phase Nonlinear Asymmetrical Circuit with A Nonsinusoidal Voltage Source", IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1988, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 30-34
[21] E. Thunberg and L. Soder, "A Norton Approach to Distribution Network Modeling for Harmonic Studies", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 1998, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 272-277
[22] K. V. Patil, R. M. Mathur, J. Jiang and S. H. Hosseini, "Distribution System Compensation Using a New Binary Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter", IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, 1999, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 459-464
[23] M. Aredes, J. Hafner, K. Heumann, "Three-phase four-wire shunt active filter control strategies", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1997, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 311-318
[24] C.L. Chen, C.E. Lin, C.L. Huang, "Reactive and harmonic current compensation for unbalanced three-phase systems using the synchronous detection method", Electric Power System Research, 1993, vol. 26, pp. 163-170
[25] S.Y. Lee, C.J. Wu, "On-line reactive power compensation schemes for unbalanced three phase four wire distribution feedersa", IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 1993, vol. 8, pp. 1958-1965
[26] H. Fujita, H. Akagi, "A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-series connection of passive and active filters", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1991, vol. 27, pp. 1020-1025
[27] B.N. Singh, Bhim Singh, Ambrish Chandra, Kamal Al-Haddad, "Digital implementation of an advanced static compensator for voltage profile improvement, power-factor correction and balancing of unbalanced reactive loads", Electric Power Systems Research, 2000, vol. 54, pp. 101-111
[28] V.B. Bhavaraju, P.N. Enjeti, "Analysis and design of an active power filter for balancing unbalanced loads", IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 1993, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 640-647
[29] J.W. Dixon, J.J. Garcia, L. Moran, "Control system for three-phase active power filter which simultaneously compensators power-factor and unbalanced loads", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 1995, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 635-641
[30] 冯培悌，童梅，基于瞬时功率理论的畸变电硫(或电压)观测方法，浙江大学学报(工学版)，2000，vol．34，no．3，pp．305-311
[31] 林良真，叶林，电磁暂态分析软件包PSCAD／EMTDC，电网技术，2000，24(1)：65—66
[32] Juan Carlos Montano Asquerino, "Strategies of Instantaneous Compensation for Three-Phase Four-Wire Circuits", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2002, Vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1079—1084
[33] 苏成文，金子康，无功补偿与电力电子技术，北京，机械工业出版社，1989
[34] 加拿大电工协会工程与运行分会静止补偿器委员会，静止补偿器用于电力系统无功控制，北京，水利电力出版社，1989
[35] 黄绍平，彭晓，浣喜明，电网无功量的微机检测，电力系统及其自动化学报，
2004，vol．16，no．1，pp．11-13
[36] 杨君，王兆安．三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究．电工技术学报．1995，2，43—48