基于区域产业创新的知识产权战略研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
知识产权是产业自主创新的基础和核心,知识产权战略是提升区域产业竞争力的关键环节。为了促进和推动区域产业自主创新,增强产业可持续核心竞争力,迫切需要从理论上科学凝炼出区域产业知识产权战略系统模型,进而结合区域产业发展的不同阶段和不同产业创新的特点,给出区域产业创新的组合知识产权战略选择。本文从区域产业创新的角度入手,引入政府、司法、中介、企业等知识产权主体,建立了由“全社会的知识产权战略主体”、“全方面的知识产权战略工具”、“全过程的知识产权战略控制”和“多层次知识产权战略目标”等构成的区域产业知识产权战略系统模型,给出了区域产业知识产权战略选择的数学表达式。
     在此基础上,本文以深圳区域产业和知识产权发展水平的统计数据和调研资料为基础,采用回归分析、因子分析和描述统计等方法,试图分析区域产业创新、区域竞争力与知识产权能力的内在联系。结论是知识产权能力确实能够在一定程度上提升产业竞争力与区域竞争力,但仍然需要完善的知识产权制度环境的支持。从区域产业的角度来看,深圳的知识产权发展水平居于全国前列,但知识产权本身的质和量结构不平衡;从区域内重点产业的角度来看,高新技术产业和电子机械产业的知识产权发展趋势良好,但存在不同产业领域知识产权发展水平不平衡;从重点企业的角度来看,深圳产业领域龙头企业的竞争力与知识产权能力较为匹配,但大多数中小企业对知识产权重视不够。
     在理论模型建构和深圳产业知识产权能力实证分析的基础上,本文讨论了深圳产业知识产权发展的机遇和挑战,给出了深圳产业知识产权发展的战略目标,并分别探讨了深圳四大支柱产业和六大优势传统产业的知识产权战略选择。
     区域产业知识产权战略的实施离不开完善的制度环境支撑。为了促进区域产业知识产权战略的实施,深圳需要建立以企业为主体、官产学研资介相结合的知识产权创造环境,形成行政、司法、行业和企业相结合的知识产权保护环境,完善公共服务、中介服务相结合的知识产权服务环境。
     最后,本文选取了华为、朗科、中兴、腾讯、盈宁科技、比亚迪等六家知识产权典型企业,立足企业透视产业,通过研究各产业中典型企业的知识产权战略管理的实践,进一步验证了本文的理论研究结论。
Intellectual property (IP) is the fundamental and core factor in the endogenous industrial innovation. IP strategy is the key reason in promoting regional industrial endogenous innovation and builduping the core competence. It is most pressing to epurate a model of IP strategy system of regional industry theoretically and to present the portfolio of IP strategy of regional industrial innovation in order to promote endogenous innovation of regional industry, and to improve sustainable core competence. This article introduces the IP subjects such as government, judicature, agency and enterprises into the IP strategy system, and establish the model of IP strategy system of regional industry, which is consisted of IP strategic subjects characteristic of whole society, IP strategic tools characteristic of whole aspects, IP strategic control characteristic of whole processes, and IP strategic goals characteristic of multilayer. This article also presents the mathematic expression of the choice of IP strategy of regional industry.
     According to the analysis, this article based on statistical data of the regional industry and the level of IP development, adopt the ways such as regression analysis, factor analysis and description stat, trying to analyze the intrinsic linkage among the regional industry innovation, regional competence and IP competence. A conclusion was drawn that IP competence can assuredly upgrade the industrial competence and regional competence, but the supporting from perfect institutional environment of IP is yet need. From the point of view of regional industry, the development level of IP in Shenzhen is ranked anterior in China, but the structure of the quality and quantity of IP is unbalanced. From the point of view regional key industries, the tendencies of IP development of hi-tech industry and electronic mechanical industry is good, but the development level of IP among different industries is unbalanced; and from the point of view of key enterprises, the competence of the leading enterprises in the industrial domain match the IP competence well, but the recognition of most small and medium enterprises is inadequate. On the bases of the construction of theoretical models and empirical analyses of the industrial IP competence in Shenzhen, this article discusses the opportunities and challenges of the development of the industrial IP competence in Shenzhen, offered the strategic objectives of it, and probed into the IP strategic choices of four backbone industries and six traditionally preponderant industries in Shenzhen.
     The implement of IP strategy of regional industry needs the support of perfect institutional environment. To promote the implementing of IP strategy of regional industry, it is necessary for Shenzhen to build up a creative environment which made the enterprises as main body, and integrate the government, the industries, the academic units, the research organizations and the agents. Therefore form an administration, justice, industries and enterprises integrated IP protection environment, perfect the public services and agency services integrated IP service environment.
     Finally, this article selected six IP typical enterprises: Huawei, Netac, ZTE, Tecent, Yingning Tech and BYD to make an investigation. Based upon these six corporations' industrial background and development characteristic, summarized and studied the practice of each corporations' IP strategy management, validate the conclusions of the theoretical study of this article ulteriorly.
引文
[1] 郑成思.知识产权论[M].北京:法律出版社,2001.
    [2] Manny Schecter. IBM's Strategies for the Creation, Protection and Use of Intellectual Property in Software[C]. Mack Center for Technological Innovation-Impact Conference-managing Knowledge Assets.2001, Nov.30: 1-15.
    [3] 刘益,李垣,汪应洛.柔性战略的理论、分析方法及其应用[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2005.
    [4] Prahalad CK, Hamel G. 1990.The core competence of the corporation[J].Harvard Business Review68(3): 79-91.
    [5] Barney JB. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Management. 1991,17(1):99-120.
    [6] Nelson R. Why do firms differ, and how does it matter? [J].Strategic Management Journal. 1991 ,Winter Special Issue 12:61-74.
    [7] Peteraf MA. The cornerstones of competitive advantage[J]. Strategic Management Journal. 1993,14(3): 179-191.
    [8] Porter ME. What is strategy? [J]. Harvard Business Review. 1996,74(6): 61-78.
    [9] David J Teece, Gary Pisano, Amy Shuen. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal. Chichester, 1997,Aug.Vol.18,Iss. 7:509-533.
    [10] Kathleen M Eisenhardt & Jeffrey A Martin. Dynamic capabilities: What are they? [J]. Strategic Management Journal.2000.Oct/Nov,21:1105-1121.
    [11] Lan RSM. Strategic Flexibility: A New Reality for World-Class Manufacturing[J]. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 1996,Spring: 11-15.
    [12] Sanchez.R. Strategic Flexibility in Product Competition[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1995,16(6): 135-159.
    [13] Evans J.R. Strategic Flexibility for High Technology Maneuvers: A Conceptual Frame work[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1991,28:69-89.
    [14] 汪应洛,李垣,刘益.企业柔性战略——跨世纪战略管理研究与实践的前沿[J].管理科学学报,1998(1):22-25.
    [15] 李仕明,魏立新.经济时代与企业权利安排[J].经济体制改革,1999(2):69-73.
    [16] 唐小我,李仕明,井润田等.知识经济与管理创新[M].载于刘诗白主编:知识经济与四川,四川科学技术出版社,1999.
    [17] W. R. Comish. Intellectual Property, Patent, Copyright, Trademark and Allied Rights[M]. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1996.
    [18] George S. Day, Paul J. H. Schoemaker, Robert E. Gunther. Wharton on Managing Emerging Technologies[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
    [19] Ricketson S. New wine into old bottles: technological change and intellectual property rights[J]. Prometheus, 1991,10(1):53-82.
    [20] 刘春田.简论知识产权.载于郑成思主编的《知识产权研究》[M].北京:中国方正出版社,1996.
    [21] 金多才.论知识产权的概念和特征[J].河南省政法管理干部学院学报,2004(6):56-60.
    [22] 李国光.知识产权诉讼[M].北京:人民法院出版社,1999.
    [23] 吴汉东.知识产权法学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
    [24] 张玉敏.知识产权法学[M].北京:法律出版社,2002.
    [25] 刘春田.知识财产权解析[J].中国社会科学,2003(4):109-121.
    [26] 胡起达.重新思考知识产权的概念与特征.http://www.bjknowhow.com.2006-03-09.
    [27] 申来津.知识产权法的激励功能及其发生机制[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2001(2):152-155.
    [28] Mansfield E. How rapidly does new industrial technology leak out?[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics, 1985,34(2):217-240.
    [29] David M.Gould, William C. Gruben. The role of intellectual property rights in economic growth[J]. Journal of development economics, 1996,Vol.:323-350.
    [30] 周寄中,徐倩云.知识经济中的知识产权制度及其激励功能[J].研究与发展管理,2002(2):51-55,61.
    [31] 王景,朱利.知识产权对宏观经济作用的经济学考察[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2005,30(1):90-93.
    [32] Prabuddha Ganguli. Intellectual Property Rights: Mothering Innovations to Markets[J]. World Patent Information,2000,22:43-52.
    [33] Erik A. Borg. Knowledge, Information and Intellectual Property Implications for Marketing Relationships[J]. Technovation, 2001,21:515-524.
    [34] 徐雨森.基于知识产权战略的工业企业核心能力培育[J].研究与发展管理,2003,15(1):69-73.
    [35] Alexander I. Poltorak, Paul J. Lerner. Essentials of Intellectual Property[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
    [36] 褚思翔,王秀峰.我国技术创新与知识产权保护制度方面的问题分析[J].中国科技信息,2006(3):162.
    [37] 王九云,叶元煦.论保护知识产权对技术创新的驱动功能[J].管理世界,2001(6):204-205.
    [38] 范在峰.论知识产权法律对技术创新的功能[J].科技与法律,2002(4):63-69.
    [39] 易显飞,张扬.技术创新模式与知识产权保护[J].长沙理工大学学报(社会科学版),2005(3):22-24.
    [40] 陈昌柏.知识产权战略[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
    [41] 韩为友.企业知识产权战略思考[J].电子知识产权,2003(3):15-18.
    [42] 徐明华.关于知识产权与国际竞争力的理论探讨[J].中国软科学,2003(8):90-95.
    [43] 范德成,贾爱梅.我国企业知识产权管理中存在的问题及其对策研究[J].商业研究,2004(5):74-76.
    [44] 冯晓青.企业知识产权战略(第2版)[M].知识产权出版社,2005.
    [45] G. Gann Xu. Information for corporate IP management[J]. World Patent Information 2004,26:149-156.
    [46] 王岩云.企业知识产权战略系统论[J].经济与管理,2005(10):83-86.
    [47] 吴汉东.中国知识产权的国际战略选择与国内战略安排.http://www.cfcjbj.com.cn/list.asp?unid=2272.2005-12-15.
    [48] 刘华,黄光辉.论我国的知识产权地域性战略[J].知识产权研究,2005(1):70-74.
    [49] Samuel Rabino,Elizabeth Enayati. Intellectual Property: The Double-Edged Sword[J]. Long Range Planning, 1995, October, Vol.28:22-31.
    [50] 魏纪林,郭枫.高新技术产业发展中无形资产经营管理的知识产权战略[J].科技进步与对策,2001(6):57-58.
    [51] 成德.高新技术企业的知识产权发展战略[J].国际技术经济研究,1996(3):6-12.
    [52] 房红琳,杨玲莉.高新技术产业知识产权战略探析[J].中国科技论坛,2004(7):72-74,110.
    [53] 陈芳.电子商务中的知识产权问题研究综述[J].图书情报知识,2003(2):61-63.
    [54] 沈培.电子商务中的知识产权问题及其保护策略[J].特区经济,2005(8):209-210.
    [55] 姚维保,韦景竹.我国集成电路产业的知识产权战略[J].知识产权,2003(4):44-46.
    [56] 何建军,王国华.生物技术知识产权保护策略研究[J].中国现代医学杂志,2002(10):110-112.
    [57] 周志彬.新药开发应重视知识产权策略[J].中国新药杂志,2005(11):1252-1254.
    [58] 陈谊.我国生物制药行业专利战略探析[J].前沿,2004(5):65-69.
    [59] Dennis Fernandez, Mary Chow. Intellectual property strategy in bioinformatics and biochips[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2005,2:197-200.
    [60] Thomas A. Hemphill . Preemptive patenting, human genomics, and the US biotechnology sector: balancing intellectual property rights with societal welfare[J]. Technology in Society.2003,25:337-349.
    [61] 孙惠民,舒志红.中国中药业知识产权战略及实施[J].科技进步与对策,2002(10):39-41.
    [62] 陈英华,陈贤春.WTO与中医药企业的知识产权战略[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2003(12):74-75.
    [63] Behfar Bastani, Dennis Fernandez. Intellectual property rights in nanotechnology[J]. Thin Solid Films,2002 : 472-477.
    [64] Jong-tsong Chiang. Technology policy paradigms and intellectual property strategies: three national models.Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 1995,49:35-48.
    [65] 李东华,包海波,徐竹.日本知识产权战略及其启示[J].中国软科学,2003(12):85-89,94.
    [66] 杨起全,吕力之.美国知识产权战略研究及其启示[J].中国科技论坛,2004(3):102-105,126.
    [67] 姜桂兴.韩国知识产权管理与知识产权战略探析[J].科技与经济,2005(5):36-37,41.
    [68] 包海波.发展中国家的知识产权战略及其对我国的启示[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2004(8):68-75.
    [69] Nagesh Kumar. Intellectual Property Protection, Market Orientation and Location of overseas R&D activities by Multinational enterprises[J].World Development,1996,24(4):673-688.
    [70] James R. Markusen. Contracts, Intellectual Property Rights, and Multinational Investment in Developing Countries[J]. Journal of International Economics, 2001,53:189-204.
    [71] James R. Markusen. Intellectual Property Fights and Foreign Direct Investment[J]. Journal of International Economics, 2002, 56:387-410.
    [72] William MacDougall. Survey of International Best Practices in Intellectual Property Information Dissemination[J]. World Patent Information, 2003,25:11-17.
    [73] 姜彦福,施红敏.跨国公司知识产权管理及其启示[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)1997,12(2):47-51.
    [74] 陈志昂,虞超杰.跨国公司知识产权转移新发展[J].科技进步与对策.1998,15(3):29-30.
    [75] 熊波,陈柳.跨国公司R&D国际化趋势及其对中国跨国公司的启示[J].研究与发展管理,2002,14(3):1-10.
    [76] 薛求知,王辉.跨国公司技术创新全球化及其理论解释[J].世界经济研究,2004C):54-59.
    [77] 喻世友,万欣荣,史卫.论跨国公司R&D投资的国别选择[J].管理世界,2004(1):46-61.
    [78] 张志成,刘晓慧.跨国公司知识产权战略研究及评析.载于郑胜利主编.北大知识产权评论[M].北京:法律出版社,2004:250-286.
    [79] 盛世豪,徐明华.关于我国实施知识产权战略的几个认识问题[J].中国软科学,2003(9):96-101.
    [80] 吕薇.抓紧建立国家知识产权战略体系[J].科技成果纵横,2005(1):14-17.
    [81] 蒋坡.论我国知识产权发展战略的核心目标[J].政治与法律,2005(3):57-61.
    [82] 包海波,徐竹青,李东华.论政府在知识产权战略中的作用[J].中国软科学,2004(1):114-120.
    [83] 李昌凤.当代知识产权制度的新发展及其对我国的启示[J].行政与法,2005(2):108-111.
    [84] 上海市知识产权局.探索制定知识产权发展战略为上海“科教兴市”做出更大贡献[C].全国专利工作会议,2004.01.13—15.
    [85] 那英,闻雷.日本的知识产权战略[J].知识产权,2004(4):59-64.
    [86] 刘国新,陈珊珊.企业知识产权组合策略[J].现代管理科学,2005(10):28-30
    [87] Robert H. Pitkethly. ntellectual property strategy in Japanese and UK companies: patent licensing decisions and learning opportunities. Research Policy ,2001, 30:425-442.
    [88] 高山行,江旭等.企业专利竞赛理论及策略[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
    [89] Loury G C.. Market strcture and innovation[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1979, 93: 395-410.
    [90] Dasgupta P, Stiglitz J. Uncertainty, industrial and the speed of R&D[J].Bell Journal of Economics, 1980,11 : 1-28.
    [91] Fudenberg et al. Preemption, leapfrogging and competition in patent races[J]. European Economic Review, 1983,22:3-31.
    [92] Gilbert R, Newbery D. Preemptive patenting and the persistence of monopoly[J]. American Economic Review, 1982,97:372-387.
    [93] Grossman G, Shapiro C. Dynamic R&D competition[J]. Economic Journal, 1987,97:372-387.
    [94] Harris C, Vikers J. Racing with uncertainty[J]. Review of Economic Studies, 1987, 54:1-57.
    [95] Lerner J. An empirical exploration of a technology race[J]. Rand Journal of Economics, 1997,28(2):228-247.
    [96] Manfredi M A, Manna L. Research vs. development: optimal patenting policy in a three-stage model[J]. European Economic Review, 1994,38:1423-1440.
    [97] Denicolo V. Patent races and optimal patent breadth and length[J]. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 1996,44(3):249-265.
    [98] Van Duk T. Patent light and competition in product improvements[J]. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 1996,44(2): 151-167.
    [99] Sullivan R J. Estimates of the value of patent rights in Great Britain and Ireland[J],Economic, 1994,61:37-58.
    [100] Sullivan G. Inter-industry R&D spillovers: what difference do they make? [J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 1995,13 (2):249-276.
    [101] 段瑞春.创新型企业:知识产权与品牌战略[J].中国软科学.2005(12):1-5.
    [102] 傅家骥.技术创新学[M].清华大学出版社,1998.
    [103] 赵曙明,沈群红.知识企业与知识管理[M].南京大学出版社,2000.
    [104] 李瑞清.知识产权制度的作用[J].中国商业法制,1998,(4):8-10.
    [105] [美]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M],何畏,易家详等译.北京:商务印书馆,1998.
    [106] Freeman, C. Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan[M]. London: Pinter, 1987.
    [107] G.多西等.技术进步与经济理论[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1972,403.
    [108] Lundvall Bengt-Ake, ed. National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning[M]. London: Pinter Publisher, 1992.
    [109] Nelson R, ed. National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
    [110] Patel P, Pavitt K. The Nature and Economic Importance of National Innovations Systems[M]. STIR Review OECD Paris, 1994.
    [111] OECD. Managing National Innovation Systems[M]. OECD Publications Service, 1999.
    [112] 陈劲.国家创新系统:对实施科技发展道路的新探索[J].自然辩证法通讯,1994(6):22-29.
    [113] 孙议政,吴贵生.国家创新系统的界定与研究方法初探[J].中国科技论坛,1999(3):16-18.
    [114] 谢伟.国家创新系统理论的来源和发展[J].中国科技论坛,1999(3):19-20.
    [115] 贾蔚文.关于国家创新系统的几个问题[J].中国软科学,1999(2):50-52,65.
    [116] 苏靖.关于国家创新系统的基本理论、知识流动和研究方法[J].中国软科学,1999(1):59-61,65.
    [117] 任锦鸾,顾培亮.基于复杂理论的创新系统研究[J].科学学研究,2002(4):437-440.
    [118] 王春法.关于国家创新体系理论的思考[J].中国软科学,2003(5):99-104.
    [119] 项后军.国家竞争优势与国家创新系统——一个比较的分析与思考[J].科学学研究,2004(2):201-205.
    [120] 王海燕,张钢.国家创新系统理论研究的回顾与展望[J].经济学动态,2000(11):66-67.
    [121] Cooke P. Uranga MG, Etxebarria G. Regional systems of innovation: an evolutionary perspective[J]. Environment and Planning, 1998, (30), 1563-1584.
    [122] Cooke P. Boekholt P, Todtling F. The Governance of Innovation in Europe [M], London: Pinter, 2000
    [123] David Doloreuxa, Saeed Partob. Regional innovation systems: Current discourse and unresolved issues[J]. Technology in Society 2005,27 : 133-153.
    [124] 冯之浚.国家创新系统的理论与政策[M].北京:经济科学出版,1999.
    [125] 胡志坚,苏靖.区域创新系统理论的提出与发展[J].中国科技论坛,1999(6):20-23.
    [126] 潘德均.西部地区区域创新系统建设[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2001(1):38-40.
    [127] 周亚庆,张方华.区域创新系统研究[J].科技进步与对策,2001(2):44-45.
    [128] 黄鲁成.关于区域创新系统研究内容的探讨[J].科学管理,2000(2):43-48.
    [129] 顾新.区域创新系统的失灵及其完善措施[J].四川大学学报(哲学社会科学 版),2001(3):137-141.
    [130] 顾新.区域创新系统论[M].成都:四川大学出版社.2005:48-49.
    [131] 顾新.区域创新系统的内涵和特征[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2001,12(6):32-37.
    [132] 刘曙光,田丽琴.区域创新发展的模式与国际案例研究[J].世界地理研究,2001,10(1):20-23.
    [133] 陈德宁,沈玉芳.区域创新系统理论研究综述[J].生产力研究,2004(4):189-191.
    [134] S. Chung. Building a national innovation system through regional innovation systems [J], Technovation, 2002,(22):485-491.
    [135] 王丽丽.面向知识经济建设区域创新体系[J].山西科技,2000(6):7-8.
    [136] 张敦富等.知识经济与区域经济[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.
    [137] 李虹.区域创新体系的构成及其动力机制分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(2):34-36.
    [138] Autio E. Evaluation of RTD in Regional Systems of Innovation[J]. European Planning Studies, 1998, 6(2):131-140.
    [139] 魏江,夏雪玲.区域创新系统的结构与系统演变[J].科技管理研究,2005(3):46-47.
    [140] Heidi Wiig, Michelle Wood. What comprises a regional innovationa system? An empirical study, http://web: sol: No/step/195/195,htm.1999.
    [141] Asheim B, Isaksen A. Regional innovation systems: the integration of local "sticky" and global "ubiquitous" knowledge [J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 2002,27(1):77-86.
    [142] 文兴吾.建设区域创新系统促进科技成果转化的途径探讨[J].软科学,2004(2):8-11.
    [143] 王稼琼,绳丽惠.区域创新体系的功能和特征分析[J].中国软科学,1999,(2):53-55.
    [144] 范旭,方一兵.区域创新系统中高校与政府和企业互动的五种典型模式[J].中国科技论坛,2004(1):66-70.
    [145] 吴敏.基于三螺旋模型理论的区域创新系统研究[J].中国科技论坛,2006(1):36-40.
    [146] Freeman, Chris. and Lus Soete. The Economic of Industrial Innovation (Third Edition)[M]. London: Pinter. 1997.
    [147] 陆国庆.产业创新——超越传统企业创新理论的新范式[J].产业经济研究.2002(1):46-51.
    [148] Langrish , J., Gibbons M. , P. and Jevons F.. Wealth from Knowledge[M]. London: Macmillan, 1972.
    [149] Rothwell , R. Successful Industrial Innovation: Critical Factors for the 1990s'[M]. Eds Dodgson , M. and Rothwell , R. The Handbook of Industrial Innovation. Cheltenham: Elgar, 1994.
    [150] Cooper, R. G. Project New Prod : Factors in New Product Success[J]. European Journal of Marketing, 1980,14:277 - 292.
    [151] 陆国庆.产业创新的动力源和风险分析[J].广西经济干部管理学院学报.2003(4):38-42.
    [152] Chiung-Wen Hsu.Formation of industrial innovation mechanisms through the research institute. Technovation,2005 (25): 1317-1329.
    [153] 陆国庆.我国上市公司产业创新的问题与对策[J].科学管理研究,2001(1):13-16.
    [154] 管顺丰,胡树华.产业创新组织结构模式及实证研究[J].武汉理工大学学报信息与管理工程版,2004(4):117-120.
    [155] 熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1990.
    [156] 陈继祥.产业集群与复杂性.[M]上海:上海财经大学出版社,2005.
    [157] [美]Jay Dratler, Jr..Licensing of Intellectual Property[M].王春燕等译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
    [158] John F Duffy. Rethinking the Prospect Theory of Patents. The University of Chicago Law Review. Chicago. Spring,2004(71): 439-511.
    [159] 张超.提升产业竞争力的理论与对策探微[J].宏观经济研究,2002(5):51-54.
    [160] 金碚.竞争力经济学[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2003.
    [161] 陈红儿,陈刚.区域产业竞争力评价模型与案例分析[J].中国软科学,2002(1):99-104.
    [162] 贾若祥.地区产业竞争力评价方法及其应用——以济南、青岛为例.中国科学院研究生院学报,2002(6):116-120.
    [163] 迈克尔.波特.竞争战略——分析产业和竞争者的技巧[M].陈小悦译.华夏出版社,1997.
    [164] 迈克尔.波特.竞争优势[M].陈小悦译.华夏出版社,1997.
    [165] 迈克尔.波特.国家竞争优势[M].郑风田译.华夏出版社,2002.
    [166] 倪鹏飞等.报告中国城市竞争力报告No.4——楼市:城市中国晴雨表[M].社会科学文献出版社,2006.
    [167] 肖红叶.中国区域竞争力发展报告(1985-2004、2005).中国统计出版社,2006.
    [168] 科技部.R&D经费投入与发明专利产出关系分析.htth://www.sts.org.crdtjbg/cgylw/documents/2005/51107.htm

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700