江苏高校专利技术成果转化方式研究
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摘要
经济发展离不开技术进步,高校是技术进步的主要推动者,但是技术进步不能只停留在理论上,技术只有在转化为生产力时才具有价值,但根据张平对中国申请专利数前100名高校进行的调研,高校专利申请数量呈上升趋势,转化率却在下降。目前,西方发达国家的科技成果转化率达到50%-70%,美国和日本甚至达到了80%,而我国还不足20%,高校则更低。提高专利技术成果转化率不仅是高校面临的重要任务,也是我国发展战略的要求。2008年6月,国务院印发了国家知识产权战略纲要,纲要提出的战略目标之一就是提高利用知识产权的能力,促进自主创新成果的知识产权化、商品化、产业化,充分发挥高等学校、科研院所在知识产权创造中的重要作用。
影响高校专利技术成果转化的因素很多,转化方式的选择和应用直接影响高校专利技术成果转化的成功率和收益率。因此本文以高校专利技术成果转化方式为研究对象,结合江苏省的特点,分析江苏高校专利技术成果转化方式有效选择的策略。本文首先总结了几种专利技术成果转化方式的优点和缺点,根据优缺点分析其适用条件。然后对高校、专利技术成果进行了相关分类,把高校按科研能力分为研究型大学、研究教学型大学、教学研究型大学和教学型大学,并根据各种类型大学的特点分析其适宜的成果转化方式。把专利技术成果按成果的成熟度和收益率分为三个等级,并分析了各个等级的专利技术成果适合的转化方式。最后汇总分析不同类型高校的不同等级的成果最优的成果转化方式。在此基础上分析江苏高校专利技术成果转化的有效选择,首先分析了江苏高校的特点,然后介绍了江苏高校专利技术成果转化的现状,根据现状总结江苏高校专利技术成果转化取得的成绩,同时探讨了江苏高校专利技术成果转化中存在的不足及其成因。然后根据成果转化方式有效选择的目标及标准,对江苏高校专利技术成果转化方式的运用提出建议,结合江苏高校专利技术成果转化中存在的问题,从观念、转化方式选择、政府政策、高校制度和组织机构等方面探讨江苏高校专利技术成果转化方式的运用对策。最后以江苏科技大学为例对本文研究内容做了实例分析。在分析现状、取得的成绩和存在问题的基础上探讨了江苏科技大学专利技术成果转化方式的选择方法及运用策略。
Economic development is inseparable from technology progress, colleges and universities are the main drivers of technological progress, but technological progress should not stay in theory, technology has value only when it’s transform into productivity. According to Zhang ping’s investigation and research about the top 100 colleges in China's patent application number, College patent applications Shows ascendant trend and conversion rate have fallen. now, Science and technology achievements conversion in western developed countries have reached 50% - 70 percent, the United States and Japan reached almost 80%, and China is still less than 20%.Improve patent achievements conversion is not only an important task of university faces, but also the development strategy requirements of China. In June 2008, the state council issued the national intellectual property strategy proposed strategy, a goal of this paper is to increase use of intellectual property rights, promote intellectualization, commercialization, industrialization, and give full play to the higher school and scientific research institutes in the create of intellectual property.
There are a lot of Influence factors of college patent achievements transformation way, selection and application of college patent achievements directly affected the success rate and yield. This paper summarizes several patent technology achievements transformation of the way the advantages and the disadvantages, according to analysis the advantages and disadvantages of the application conditions. And then classified the university, patent technology achievements, according to the relevant classification of university scientific research ability is divided into research universities, research-teaching university, teaching-research university and teaching university, and according to the characteristics of various types university for the analysis of the achievements transformation method. The patent technology according to the results of the maturity and results yields is divided into three levels, and analysis of the various levels of patent technology transformation of achievements for way. Finally analysis the different types of universities in different levels of achievements transformation of the achievements of the optimal way.
Based on the analysis of jiangsu college patent technology transformation of the achievements and effective choice first analyzed the characteristics of jiangsu university, then introduced the jiangsu province college patent technology transformation of the achievements, according to the present situation of the current situation of jiangsu summary college patent technology transformation of the achievements of the achievements, the paper also discussed the jiangsu province college patent technology transformation of the achievements of the insufficiency in and its causes. And then based on the achievements of the target and effective way choice standard in jiangsu province college patent technology transformation of the achievements and the use of the way put forward the proposal, integrating with the college patent technology transformation of the achievements and problems existing in the transformation from concept, the choice of the ways, government policy, college system and organizational structure, this paper discussed jiangsu college patent technology achievements transformation of the way with the game. At last, makes an empirical analysis using Jiangsu University of science and technology as an example. Explore the choice method and application strategy of Jiangsu university of technology patent technology achievements transformation on the basis of analysis of the present situation, the achievements and problems.
影响高校专利技术成果转化的因素很多,转化方式的选择和应用直接影响高校专利技术成果转化的成功率和收益率。因此本文以高校专利技术成果转化方式为研究对象,结合江苏省的特点,分析江苏高校专利技术成果转化方式有效选择的策略。本文首先总结了几种专利技术成果转化方式的优点和缺点,根据优缺点分析其适用条件。然后对高校、专利技术成果进行了相关分类,把高校按科研能力分为研究型大学、研究教学型大学、教学研究型大学和教学型大学,并根据各种类型大学的特点分析其适宜的成果转化方式。把专利技术成果按成果的成熟度和收益率分为三个等级,并分析了各个等级的专利技术成果适合的转化方式。最后汇总分析不同类型高校的不同等级的成果最优的成果转化方式。在此基础上分析江苏高校专利技术成果转化的有效选择,首先分析了江苏高校的特点,然后介绍了江苏高校专利技术成果转化的现状,根据现状总结江苏高校专利技术成果转化取得的成绩,同时探讨了江苏高校专利技术成果转化中存在的不足及其成因。然后根据成果转化方式有效选择的目标及标准,对江苏高校专利技术成果转化方式的运用提出建议,结合江苏高校专利技术成果转化中存在的问题,从观念、转化方式选择、政府政策、高校制度和组织机构等方面探讨江苏高校专利技术成果转化方式的运用对策。最后以江苏科技大学为例对本文研究内容做了实例分析。在分析现状、取得的成绩和存在问题的基础上探讨了江苏科技大学专利技术成果转化方式的选择方法及运用策略。
Economic development is inseparable from technology progress, colleges and universities are the main drivers of technological progress, but technological progress should not stay in theory, technology has value only when it’s transform into productivity. According to Zhang ping’s investigation and research about the top 100 colleges in China's patent application number, College patent applications Shows ascendant trend and conversion rate have fallen. now, Science and technology achievements conversion in western developed countries have reached 50% - 70 percent, the United States and Japan reached almost 80%, and China is still less than 20%.Improve patent achievements conversion is not only an important task of university faces, but also the development strategy requirements of China. In June 2008, the state council issued the national intellectual property strategy proposed strategy, a goal of this paper is to increase use of intellectual property rights, promote intellectualization, commercialization, industrialization, and give full play to the higher school and scientific research institutes in the create of intellectual property.
There are a lot of Influence factors of college patent achievements transformation way, selection and application of college patent achievements directly affected the success rate and yield. This paper summarizes several patent technology achievements transformation of the way the advantages and the disadvantages, according to analysis the advantages and disadvantages of the application conditions. And then classified the university, patent technology achievements, according to the relevant classification of university scientific research ability is divided into research universities, research-teaching university, teaching-research university and teaching university, and according to the characteristics of various types university for the analysis of the achievements transformation method. The patent technology according to the results of the maturity and results yields is divided into three levels, and analysis of the various levels of patent technology transformation of achievements for way. Finally analysis the different types of universities in different levels of achievements transformation of the achievements of the optimal way.
Based on the analysis of jiangsu college patent technology transformation of the achievements and effective choice first analyzed the characteristics of jiangsu university, then introduced the jiangsu province college patent technology transformation of the achievements, according to the present situation of the current situation of jiangsu summary college patent technology transformation of the achievements of the achievements, the paper also discussed the jiangsu province college patent technology transformation of the achievements of the insufficiency in and its causes. And then based on the achievements of the target and effective way choice standard in jiangsu province college patent technology transformation of the achievements and the use of the way put forward the proposal, integrating with the college patent technology transformation of the achievements and problems existing in the transformation from concept, the choice of the ways, government policy, college system and organizational structure, this paper discussed jiangsu college patent technology achievements transformation of the way with the game. At last, makes an empirical analysis using Jiangsu University of science and technology as an example. Explore the choice method and application strategy of Jiangsu university of technology patent technology achievements transformation on the basis of analysis of the present situation, the achievements and problems.
引文
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[2] Rodenhouse, Mary Pat (ed.).1996 Higher Education Directory,Higher Education Publications Inc.,Falls Church,Virginia,U.S.A.1996.
[3]石军,蒋晨.美国科技成果转化经验管窥[J].世界电信,2006(9):15-17.
[4]操秀英.专利申请数上升成果转化率下降[N].科技日报, [ EB/OL ]:http://www.stdaily.com/kjrb/content/2009-11/29/content_129348.htm.2009-11-29
[5]钱怡,董淑香.谈高校的科技创新与专利技术转化[J].河南工业大学学报(社会科学版),2006(9):32-34.
[6]刘民义.美国:七大法宝推动成果转化[J].企业科技与发展,2010(09):25-27.
[7]刘奕岑.国内外高校技术转移模式及其分析[D].重庆:重庆大学.2006,27-28.
[8]成玉飞.我国高校科技成果转化过程及评价---以天津市为例[D].天津:河北工业大学.2008,7
[9] SCOTCHMER, S. Standing on the Shoulders of Giants:Cumulative Research and the Patent Law [J].TheJournal of Economic Perspectives, 1991, 5(1):29-41.
[10] Yong S. Lee. 'Technology transfer' and the research university: a search for the boundaries of university-industry collaboration[J]. Research Policy 25 (1996): 843-863.
[11] Carl A.Scheraga,Winston M.Tellis,Michael T.Tucker Lead users and technology transfer to less-developed countries:analysis,with an application to Haiti Technology in society 22(2000):415-425.
[12] Lisa Robins. A model for knowledge transfer and adoption:asystemic approach to science communication[J]. Environmental Science&Policy 9(2006):1-9.
[13] Eric Von Hippel."Sticky information"and the locus Of problem solving:implications for Innovation.Technology in the firm[M].60-77.
[14] Annamaria Inzel. The evolution of university-industry-government relationships during transition[J]. Research Policy 33(2004):975-995.
[15]杨继明,李春景.麻省理工大学与清华大学技术转移做法比较研究及启示[J].中国科技论坛,2010(01):147-151.
[16]郭开朗.美国大学科技成果转化及启示[J].中国高等教育,2010(7):16-19.
[17] Michael D.Santoro,Shanthi Gopalakrishnan. The institutionalization of knowledgetransfer activities withini ndustry-university collaborative ventures [J]. J.Eng.Technol.Manage.17(2000):299-319.
[18] J.Lee,H.N.Win Technology transfer between university research centers and industy in Singapore[J],Technovation 24(2004):433-442.
[19] Michael D.Santoro, Alok K.Chakrabarti. Firm size and technology centrality in industry–university interaction[J]. Research Policy 31(2002):1163-1180.
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