企业内部的知识传播研究
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摘要
随着知识经济的兴起,知识被认为是企业获得和保持持续竞争优势的主要源泉。在企业中,存在很多的知识,但这些知识只有被人们传播并使用,才能实现它的价值。企业内部如果拥有将知识从一个个体有效地传播到另一个个体的能力,将比缺乏这种能力的企业具有更强的生产力,并更容易在竞争激烈的社会里生存下去。知识传播可以使员工发现和创造出来的知识成果,通过传播过程与需要利用这些知识成果的生产、销售和研究部门的员工及其实践相结合,发挥知识成果的经济价值,使其蕴含的生产力转化为现实的生产力,从而为企业产生重大的经济效益。可见对企业内部知识传播的研究将极大地促进企业的知识管理,使企业更好地发挥自身的潜能,创造更大的经济效益。
研究通过对知识和知识管理、知识传播、企业内部的知识传播及模型等相关理论的系统性回顾和深入研究,探讨了企业内部知识传播产生的基础,提出了知识势能的概念,并用其来衡量个体拥有某一特定领域知识的量。分析了知识在企业内部得以传播的动力之后,对传播过程中涉及到的因素进行了划分和描述,并提出了企业内部的知识传播概念模型。这是一个从源头开始追踪知识传播过程的各个因素到最终的目的地的概念模型。
此外,本研究还引入了系统动力学,对企业内部的知识传播进行量化模型的架构,共提出了三个量化模型。量化模型主要表达的问题是知识在经过传播到达知识接收者处的过程中,知识接收者的知识势能变化过程。随着考虑的因素逐渐增多,模型Ⅰ到模型Ⅲ的模拟难度也逐渐增大。其中,模型Ⅰ和模型Ⅱ主要是对知识接收者短期行为的模拟,模型Ⅲ是对知识接收者长期行为的模拟。
最后,对三个量化模型进行了模拟和结果分析。发现知识接收者的知识势能变化曲线主要是由S型增长曲线所构成。该S型增长曲线可被划分成三个阶段,影响每个阶段曲线的主要因素有所不同。通过分析得出企业可以通过适当调整一些因素用以得到所期望的知识接收者的知识势能曲线。
Along with the knowledge economy rising, knowledge is considered as the headspring for enterprises to obtain and retain the competition advantage. There is a good deal of knowledge in the enterprise. But only the knowledge is transferred and used among people, the knowledge can be implemented its value. Enterprises that are able to transfer knowledge effectively from one unit to another are more productive and more likely to survive than enterprises that are less adept at knowledge transfer.Through the research of knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge transfer, etc, this paper discusses the base of knowledge transfer in the enterprise, and advances the concept of knowledge potential energy which is being used to measure the knowledge quantity of one unit in special field. After analyzing the drive power of knowledge transfer in the enterprise, there are many factors are plotted out and described in the knowledge transfer process. At last carries out the concept model of knowledge transfer in the enterprise.Besides, this research introduces system dynamics to set up the quantization models of knowledge transfer in the enterprise. This quantization models mostly express the change of knowledge potential energy of knowledge receiver in the process of knowledge transfer. Along with the addition of factors, the difficulties gradually increase from model I to model Ⅲ.Model I and model II mostly simulate the knowledge receiver's short time behavior. Model III simulates the knowledge receiver's long time behavior.At last, this paper discusses the result of three quantization models. It is founded the knowledge receiver's knowledge potential energy curve is made up of S type rise curve. This S type rise curve can be plotted out three stages. Every stage has its major influencing factors. Enterprises may gain the anticipating knowledge receiver's knowledge potential curve through adjusting the values of some factors.
研究通过对知识和知识管理、知识传播、企业内部的知识传播及模型等相关理论的系统性回顾和深入研究,探讨了企业内部知识传播产生的基础,提出了知识势能的概念,并用其来衡量个体拥有某一特定领域知识的量。分析了知识在企业内部得以传播的动力之后,对传播过程中涉及到的因素进行了划分和描述,并提出了企业内部的知识传播概念模型。这是一个从源头开始追踪知识传播过程的各个因素到最终的目的地的概念模型。
此外,本研究还引入了系统动力学,对企业内部的知识传播进行量化模型的架构,共提出了三个量化模型。量化模型主要表达的问题是知识在经过传播到达知识接收者处的过程中,知识接收者的知识势能变化过程。随着考虑的因素逐渐增多,模型Ⅰ到模型Ⅲ的模拟难度也逐渐增大。其中,模型Ⅰ和模型Ⅱ主要是对知识接收者短期行为的模拟,模型Ⅲ是对知识接收者长期行为的模拟。
最后,对三个量化模型进行了模拟和结果分析。发现知识接收者的知识势能变化曲线主要是由S型增长曲线所构成。该S型增长曲线可被划分成三个阶段,影响每个阶段曲线的主要因素有所不同。通过分析得出企业可以通过适当调整一些因素用以得到所期望的知识接收者的知识势能曲线。
Along with the knowledge economy rising, knowledge is considered as the headspring for enterprises to obtain and retain the competition advantage. There is a good deal of knowledge in the enterprise. But only the knowledge is transferred and used among people, the knowledge can be implemented its value. Enterprises that are able to transfer knowledge effectively from one unit to another are more productive and more likely to survive than enterprises that are less adept at knowledge transfer.Through the research of knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge transfer, etc, this paper discusses the base of knowledge transfer in the enterprise, and advances the concept of knowledge potential energy which is being used to measure the knowledge quantity of one unit in special field. After analyzing the drive power of knowledge transfer in the enterprise, there are many factors are plotted out and described in the knowledge transfer process. At last carries out the concept model of knowledge transfer in the enterprise.Besides, this research introduces system dynamics to set up the quantization models of knowledge transfer in the enterprise. This quantization models mostly express the change of knowledge potential energy of knowledge receiver in the process of knowledge transfer. Along with the addition of factors, the difficulties gradually increase from model I to model Ⅲ.Model I and model II mostly simulate the knowledge receiver's short time behavior. Model III simulates the knowledge receiver's long time behavior.At last, this paper discusses the result of three quantization models. It is founded the knowledge receiver's knowledge potential energy curve is made up of S type rise curve. This S type rise curve can be plotted out three stages. Every stage has its major influencing factors. Enterprises may gain the anticipating knowledge receiver's knowledge potential curve through adjusting the values of some factors.
引文
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[15] 李春芳.知识创新工程百问[EB/OL].http://www.cas.ac.cn/html/Dir/2002/03/18/2135.htm
[16] 樊治平.知识管理研究[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2003.4:2-26.
[17] Pien Wang, Tony W. Tong, Chun Peng Koh. An integrated model of knowledge transfer from MNC parent to China subsidiary [J]. Journal of World Business, 39(2004):168-182.
[18] 李春茜.数字化时代的知识传播与版权保护[J].情报科学,2000,18(10):881-886.
[19] 夏敬华,金昕.知识管理[M].北京:机械工程出版社,2003:26-33.
[20] 杨治华,钱军.知识管理—用知识建设现代企业[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002:41-44.
[21] 对知识管理的各种理解[EB/OL].中国知识管理网,http://www.chinakm.com/share/list.asp?id=219
[22] 姚翔.浅谈知识管理[J].情报杂志.2001(6):18-20.
[23] 王明芳.知识经济时代的企业管理理念—知识管理[J].广西青年干部学院学报,2003,13(2):56-58.
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[25] 丁蔚.从信息管理到知识管理[J].情报学报,2000,19(2):124-129.
[26] 周晔,胡汉辉,潘安成.我国企业知识管理活动的现状调查与分析[J].科研管理,2005,26(4):80-85.
[27] 郑洁.谈知识管理[J].特区经济,2005(5):32-333.
[28] 李敏.现代企业知识管理[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2002:1-45.
[29] Ikujiro Nonaka, Ryoko Toyama and Noboru Konno. SECI, Ba and Leadership: a Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation[J].Long Range Planning 33(2000):5-34.
[30] Ikujiro Nonaka, Patrick Reinmoeller, Dai Senoo. Management Focus The 'ART' of Knowledge: Systems to Capitalize on Market Knowledge[J].European Management Journal, 1998, 16(6):673-684
[31] K. Sveiby. What is Knowledge Management[EB/OL]. http://www.sveiby.com.au
[32] 传播学讲义[EB/OL].智维网,http://www.zeview.com/index.php?option=com content&task=view&id=928&Itemid=2
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[34] Szulanski, G. Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal 17 (Winter Special Issue), 1996: 27-43.
[35] Atmeida, P. Knowledge sourcing by foreign multinationals: patent citation analysis in the U.S. semiconductor industry[J]. Strategic Management Journal 17 (Winter Special Issue),1996:155-165.
[36] A. Claudio Garavelli, Michele Gorgoglione, Barbara Scozzi. Managing knowledge transfer by knowledge technologies[J].Technovation, 2002(22):269-279.
[37] 倪延年.论知识传播[J].江苏图书馆学报,2000(4):10-14.
[38] 张生太,段兴民.企业集团的隐性知识传播模型研究[J].系统工程,2004,22(4):62-65.
[39] 陈娟,芮明杰.高技术企业知识员工间的知识传播模型[J].研究与发展管理,2004,16(5):46-52.
[40] 王兴元.名牌生态系统中的知识传播与分享研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(8):48-51.
[41] 曹好顺,杨肖鸳.虚拟企业中的知识传播[J].商业研究,2004(14):70-72.
[42] Silke Bender, Alan Fish. The transfer of knowledge and the retention of expertise: the continuing need for global assignments[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2000,4(2):125-137.
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