面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移研究
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摘要
技术是当今国际竞争的重要手段。我国以“市场换技术”战略未达到预期目标的事实,充分说明要构建国家创新体系,提高自身的自主创新能力,更多地应依靠大学和科研院所的技术支持力量。大学是我国基础研究的主要力量,企业是技术创新的主体,以提高企业技术能力为目的,从理论上探讨校企技术转移的机理、效率与激励等问题显得非常必要,也是构建具有中国特色的国家创新体系、增强我国国际竞争力的迫切需要。
本论文综合运用文献分析法和案例分析法,对面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移进行了一系列的研究,主要包括:
(1)面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移机理分析。阐述了校企技术转移的一般过程,基于技术转移的知识流动性特点,指出校企技术转移是基于组织学习的知识创新过程;应用揭示组织学习和知识创新机理的知识发酵模型的理论框架,探讨了校企技术转移的知识发酵过程,剖析校企技术转移的内在规律。
(2)校企技术转移对企业技术能力提升的作用机制分析。建立基于技术转移的企业技术能力发展模型,探讨企业技术能力的发展过程,从而揭示基于技术转移的企业技术能力发展的内在规律。
(3)面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移效率分析。提出了校企技术转移的概念模型,按照技术转移活动的行为主体与范围将校企技术转移的影响因素归纳为六个方面;对校企技术转移的水平及效率测度进行了研究,并给出具体的计算方法,进而分析了各影响因素是如何影响校企技术转移效率的。
(4)面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移激励机制分析。提出了面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移催化激励模型,分析了校企技术转移的激励原理;从“巴机制”与“酶机制”两个独特的视角阐明了技术转移政策环境与技术转移中介的催化激励作用。分析我国校企技术转移的激励现状,总结美、日、法三大科技强国技术转移实践经验,指出应在技术转移政策和技术转移中介两方面采取的具体激励措施。
(5)案例分析。采用多案例分析的方法,选取了五个典型的校企技术转移案例,从不同角度说明了面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移的目的、过程、影响因素和激励机制等问题,验证本论文的相关理论研究成果。
Nowadays, technology is an important means of international competition. The fact that China's "market for technology" strategy didn’t achieve the desired objective fully demonstrates that we should rely on universities and research institutions more to build a national innovation system and to improve our capability of independent innovation. In China, university is the main force for basic research; enterprise is the main force for technology innovation. It is necessary to research the mechanism, the efficiency and the incentive of technology transfer between universities and enterprises towards improving the enterprise technological capability. The research is our country's urgent needs to build the national innovation system and strengthen the international competitiveness.
By literature research and case analysis, this dissertation did a research on the technology transfer between the universities and enterprises towards improving the enterprise technological capability. The main research results obtained were as follows:
Firstly, the principle of university-enterprise technology transfer process was analyzed. Based on the general process of technology transfer and knowledge flow characteristics in technology transfer, the dissertation pointed out that the university-enterprise technology transfer was the process of knowledge innovation based on organization learning. Applying theoretical framework of Knowledge Fermenting Model which revealed the mechanism of organization learning and knowledge innovation, it explored the knowledge fermentation process and the inherent laws of the university-enterprise technology transfer.
Secondly, the dissertation established a model of enterprise technological capability development based on technology transfer to reveal the inherent law of technological capability increasing, in which the technology transfer process was divided into four stages-introduction & learning, digestion & absorption, knowledge reconstruction and knowledge implicit, corresponding to the four bars of knowledge fermentation.
Thirdly, the dissertation proposed a conceptual model of university-enterprise technology transfer. In accordance with the actors and the range of technology transfer activities, the dissertation summarized the technology transfer influencing factors for six aspects. It also put forward university-enterprise technology transfer efficiency measuring method and analyzed how every factor affected the efficiency of the university-enterprise technology transfer.
Fourthly, the dissertation presented catalytic incentive model of technology transfer between universities and enterprises towards improving the enterprise technological capability, analyzed the incentive theory from the "Ba mechanism”and "Enzyme mechanism" perspective and clarified catalytic incentives of the policy environment for technology transfer and technology transfer intermediary. Based on the status quo of university-enterprise technology transfer in our country, the dissertation summed up the practical experience of technology transfer in United States, Japan and France which were the three major scientific and technological powers in the world and pointed out the specific measures we should take to incent the technology transfer between universities and enterprises in our country.
Finally, the method of multi-case analysis was adopted. The dissertation selected five typical cases of university-enterprise technology transfer and showed the purposes, processes, influence factors and incentive mechanisms from different angles to verify the theories in this dissertation.
本论文综合运用文献分析法和案例分析法,对面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移进行了一系列的研究,主要包括:
(1)面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移机理分析。阐述了校企技术转移的一般过程,基于技术转移的知识流动性特点,指出校企技术转移是基于组织学习的知识创新过程;应用揭示组织学习和知识创新机理的知识发酵模型的理论框架,探讨了校企技术转移的知识发酵过程,剖析校企技术转移的内在规律。
(2)校企技术转移对企业技术能力提升的作用机制分析。建立基于技术转移的企业技术能力发展模型,探讨企业技术能力的发展过程,从而揭示基于技术转移的企业技术能力发展的内在规律。
(3)面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移效率分析。提出了校企技术转移的概念模型,按照技术转移活动的行为主体与范围将校企技术转移的影响因素归纳为六个方面;对校企技术转移的水平及效率测度进行了研究,并给出具体的计算方法,进而分析了各影响因素是如何影响校企技术转移效率的。
(4)面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移激励机制分析。提出了面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移催化激励模型,分析了校企技术转移的激励原理;从“巴机制”与“酶机制”两个独特的视角阐明了技术转移政策环境与技术转移中介的催化激励作用。分析我国校企技术转移的激励现状,总结美、日、法三大科技强国技术转移实践经验,指出应在技术转移政策和技术转移中介两方面采取的具体激励措施。
(5)案例分析。采用多案例分析的方法,选取了五个典型的校企技术转移案例,从不同角度说明了面向企业技术能力提升的校企技术转移的目的、过程、影响因素和激励机制等问题,验证本论文的相关理论研究成果。
Nowadays, technology is an important means of international competition. The fact that China's "market for technology" strategy didn’t achieve the desired objective fully demonstrates that we should rely on universities and research institutions more to build a national innovation system and to improve our capability of independent innovation. In China, university is the main force for basic research; enterprise is the main force for technology innovation. It is necessary to research the mechanism, the efficiency and the incentive of technology transfer between universities and enterprises towards improving the enterprise technological capability. The research is our country's urgent needs to build the national innovation system and strengthen the international competitiveness.
By literature research and case analysis, this dissertation did a research on the technology transfer between the universities and enterprises towards improving the enterprise technological capability. The main research results obtained were as follows:
Firstly, the principle of university-enterprise technology transfer process was analyzed. Based on the general process of technology transfer and knowledge flow characteristics in technology transfer, the dissertation pointed out that the university-enterprise technology transfer was the process of knowledge innovation based on organization learning. Applying theoretical framework of Knowledge Fermenting Model which revealed the mechanism of organization learning and knowledge innovation, it explored the knowledge fermentation process and the inherent laws of the university-enterprise technology transfer.
Secondly, the dissertation established a model of enterprise technological capability development based on technology transfer to reveal the inherent law of technological capability increasing, in which the technology transfer process was divided into four stages-introduction & learning, digestion & absorption, knowledge reconstruction and knowledge implicit, corresponding to the four bars of knowledge fermentation.
Thirdly, the dissertation proposed a conceptual model of university-enterprise technology transfer. In accordance with the actors and the range of technology transfer activities, the dissertation summarized the technology transfer influencing factors for six aspects. It also put forward university-enterprise technology transfer efficiency measuring method and analyzed how every factor affected the efficiency of the university-enterprise technology transfer.
Fourthly, the dissertation presented catalytic incentive model of technology transfer between universities and enterprises towards improving the enterprise technological capability, analyzed the incentive theory from the "Ba mechanism”and "Enzyme mechanism" perspective and clarified catalytic incentives of the policy environment for technology transfer and technology transfer intermediary. Based on the status quo of university-enterprise technology transfer in our country, the dissertation summed up the practical experience of technology transfer in United States, Japan and France which were the three major scientific and technological powers in the world and pointed out the specific measures we should take to incent the technology transfer between universities and enterprises in our country.
Finally, the method of multi-case analysis was adopted. The dissertation selected five typical cases of university-enterprise technology transfer and showed the purposes, processes, influence factors and incentive mechanisms from different angles to verify the theories in this dissertation.
引文
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