基于设计认知和设计过程的产品设计实例类知识管理研究
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摘要
在以信息技术为特征、以知识为导向、以增强核心竞争力为目标的知识经济时代,知识的有效获取、积累和使用,是企业开发具有自主知识产权产品、提高自身竞争力的源动力。产品设计实例知识随着信息化、网络化、知识化快速发展对企业智能资产增加扮演着重要的角色,设计实例质量的提高、数量的增加、内涵的提取会增强企业核心设计竞争能力并带给企业巨大的效益。本文以产品设计实例为对象,从产品设计知识的隐性扩展(设计认知)和显性扩展(产品设计过程)角度着手,对产品设计实例知识表示,产品设计实例知识全面操作和评价,不完整问题描述产品设计实例的相似知识修复,产品设计个体的产品设计元认知建模,以及基于实例知识管理(CKM)的产品设计方法等问题进行了研究。
论文的主要内容和创新点如下:
(1)针对产品设计实例的知识表示问题,结合本体思想建立了多元组产品设计实例知识描述模型。从知识分类和特征入手,定义了机器知识和人类知识,分析产品设计知识的特征、来源及生命周期,阐明了产品设计实例知识和产品实例知识的区别,研究了产品设计实例知识表示的系统性、复杂性、过程可分性等特点。并对产品设计实例知识进行巴克斯范式的规范性描述,建立SSU实例知识存储模型,分析了实例知识描述和实例知识存储的映射关系,探讨了知识粒度和知识层次结构。
(2)针对产品设计实例知识的知识操作和知识评价问题,提出了包括常规操作和KM操作的产品设计实例知识的知识操作框架:建立了基于自上而下和自下而上的双层搜索模式,和基于SSU模板和属性字典的浏览;研究了冗余性检查、唯一性检查、一致性检查、有效性检查和冲突检查等KM操作行为;构建了产品设计实例知识的质量评价指标体系,分析了泛性指标中的实例类知识项评价指标。并建立了实例类知识动态质量评价模型,对其评价流程、评价步骤、评价算法、及相关关键技术进行了研究和讨论。
(3)针对产品设计实例描述的不完整性,通过密集型领域知识、附加知识和阐释知识的使用,提出应用相似转换矩阵来对产品设计过程中不完整问题进行预处理的解决方案,建立了基于协商的相似知识修复模型。分析了多层级的协商步骤,讨论了具体协商层级,包括特征协商层、权重方法协商层和语义协商层,通过不同的协商层次来对产品设计实例进行有效的知识修复,从而实现产品实例的不完整问题描述的修复和相似知识的检索。
(4)针对个体设计者隐性知识对产品设计实例知识形成的重要影响问题,从认知科学角度入手,在联结主义和物理符号主义假设的基础上建立了产品设计元认知模型:区分了产品设计中的元认知过程和认知过程,探究了产品设计中元认知的要素和产品设计中的元认知特征,分析了个体认知与元认知活动与产品设计的关联。并研究了产品设计过程中个体认知差异性,分析了产品设计过程中问题解决与差异形成,提出了产品设计中个体认知的十四点差异表征。
(5)针对产品设计实例的知识应用问题,结合基于实例推理和知识管理理念和技术,提出了基于CKM的产品设计模型。分析了产品设计与实例知识管理之间的相互关系,讨论了基于CKM的产品设计特征,研究了基于CKM的产品设计方法机理、具体实现步骤,以及关键技术等。详尽地阐述和探究了基于CKM的产品设计系统中的知识管理技术,包括知识评价、知识分享、知识更新和知识地图等,并提出了进行基于CKM产品设计时应注意的七条设计准则。
In the Knowledge Economy Era, knowledge is an important factor and resource for the enterprises to develop the independent intellectual property products and to improve the own core competence by effective knowledge acquisition, knowledge accumulation and knowledge use. Product design case knowledge plays a key role in the enterprises and can increase their intelligence assets though information technology, network technology and knowledge tools from the three aspects: quality, quantity, and connotation. From the design cognition and design process viewpoints of product design knowledge, knowledge management of product design case is studies in this dissertation. The key issues include knowledge representation of product design case, knowledge operation and knowledge evaluation of product design case, similarity knowledge acquisition of product design case based on partial problem descriptions, meta-cognition modeling of individual designer and product design methodology based on case knowledge management.
The main content and contribution of this dissertation are as follows:
1. The multi-element knowledge representation model of product design case based on ontology idea is presented to describe product design case. Machine knowledge and human knowledge are defined from the point of view of knowledge classification. The characteristics, origin and life cycle of product design knowledge are analyzed, and product design case knowledge and product case knowledge are distinguished in this section. The characteristics of product design case knowledge representation involve systematization, complexity and process-separability. Furthermore, product design case knowledge is formalized by Backus-Naur Form (BNF), and Structured-Semi structured-Unstructured (SSU) case knowledge storage model is built to match the case knowledge representation. Finally, the relationship of case knowledge description and case knowledge storage is discussed and analyzed, and knowledge granularity and knowledge hierarchy are introduced in detailed.
2. Knowledge operation framework of product design case knowledge is provided and is composed of routine operation and knowledge management operation. Routine operation includes add operation, delete operation, modify operation, query operation based on two-double search mode of top-down and bottom-up and browse operation based on SSU stencil-plant and attribute dictionary. Knowledge operation includes redundancy checking, unique checking, consistency checking, validity checking and collision checking. Furthermore, the quality indices architecture of product design case knowledge is presented to guarantee the correct, complete, reasonable and effective reusing of case knowledge and the case knowledge item indices of the elementary index set is analyzed. Finally, the dynamic evaluation model of case knowledge’quality for product design is developed, and evaluation flow, evaluation approach, evaluation arithmetic and related key techniques are studied and discussed.
3. With the using of knowledge-intensive domain knowledge, additional knowledge and explanation knowledge, the similarity transformation matrix for similarity measures is presented to handle the partial problem descriptions of product design, and the similarity knowledge repair model of based on consultation is provided to repair the incomplete case knowledge and to retrieve the similarity knowledge. The concrete consultation hierarchy consists of feathers level, method and weight level and semantics level, and consultation approach is introduced to help effective knowledge repair of product design case.
4. Based on physical symbol system hypothesis (PSSH) and connectionism, a meta-cognition model of product designer is provided to elucidate the active monitoring and consequent regulation, which affects the formation of product design case knowledge. Meta-cognition process and cognition process in product design are identified, and factors and characteristics of meta-cognition model of product designer and the relationship of individual cognitive and meta-cognitive activities are analyzed. Individual cognitive differences and problem solving are studied and analyzed, and fourteen cognitive differences are provided In the process of product design.
5. Combining case based reasoning (CBR) and knowledge management (KM), product design model based on case knowledge management is provided. The relationship between product design and case knowledge management is discussed, and the mainly characteristics of product design based on CKM are investigated. Then, design methodology, design mechanism, design approaches, and key techniques based on CKM are introduced, and knowledge management techniques are studied and utilized in product design system based on CKM, such as, knowledge evaluation, knowledge sharing, knowledge update and knowledge map. Finally, the seven design rules are provided to serve and support product design.
论文的主要内容和创新点如下:
(1)针对产品设计实例的知识表示问题,结合本体思想建立了多元组产品设计实例知识描述模型。从知识分类和特征入手,定义了机器知识和人类知识,分析产品设计知识的特征、来源及生命周期,阐明了产品设计实例知识和产品实例知识的区别,研究了产品设计实例知识表示的系统性、复杂性、过程可分性等特点。并对产品设计实例知识进行巴克斯范式的规范性描述,建立SSU实例知识存储模型,分析了实例知识描述和实例知识存储的映射关系,探讨了知识粒度和知识层次结构。
(2)针对产品设计实例知识的知识操作和知识评价问题,提出了包括常规操作和KM操作的产品设计实例知识的知识操作框架:建立了基于自上而下和自下而上的双层搜索模式,和基于SSU模板和属性字典的浏览;研究了冗余性检查、唯一性检查、一致性检查、有效性检查和冲突检查等KM操作行为;构建了产品设计实例知识的质量评价指标体系,分析了泛性指标中的实例类知识项评价指标。并建立了实例类知识动态质量评价模型,对其评价流程、评价步骤、评价算法、及相关关键技术进行了研究和讨论。
(3)针对产品设计实例描述的不完整性,通过密集型领域知识、附加知识和阐释知识的使用,提出应用相似转换矩阵来对产品设计过程中不完整问题进行预处理的解决方案,建立了基于协商的相似知识修复模型。分析了多层级的协商步骤,讨论了具体协商层级,包括特征协商层、权重方法协商层和语义协商层,通过不同的协商层次来对产品设计实例进行有效的知识修复,从而实现产品实例的不完整问题描述的修复和相似知识的检索。
(4)针对个体设计者隐性知识对产品设计实例知识形成的重要影响问题,从认知科学角度入手,在联结主义和物理符号主义假设的基础上建立了产品设计元认知模型:区分了产品设计中的元认知过程和认知过程,探究了产品设计中元认知的要素和产品设计中的元认知特征,分析了个体认知与元认知活动与产品设计的关联。并研究了产品设计过程中个体认知差异性,分析了产品设计过程中问题解决与差异形成,提出了产品设计中个体认知的十四点差异表征。
(5)针对产品设计实例的知识应用问题,结合基于实例推理和知识管理理念和技术,提出了基于CKM的产品设计模型。分析了产品设计与实例知识管理之间的相互关系,讨论了基于CKM的产品设计特征,研究了基于CKM的产品设计方法机理、具体实现步骤,以及关键技术等。详尽地阐述和探究了基于CKM的产品设计系统中的知识管理技术,包括知识评价、知识分享、知识更新和知识地图等,并提出了进行基于CKM产品设计时应注意的七条设计准则。
In the Knowledge Economy Era, knowledge is an important factor and resource for the enterprises to develop the independent intellectual property products and to improve the own core competence by effective knowledge acquisition, knowledge accumulation and knowledge use. Product design case knowledge plays a key role in the enterprises and can increase their intelligence assets though information technology, network technology and knowledge tools from the three aspects: quality, quantity, and connotation. From the design cognition and design process viewpoints of product design knowledge, knowledge management of product design case is studies in this dissertation. The key issues include knowledge representation of product design case, knowledge operation and knowledge evaluation of product design case, similarity knowledge acquisition of product design case based on partial problem descriptions, meta-cognition modeling of individual designer and product design methodology based on case knowledge management.
The main content and contribution of this dissertation are as follows:
1. The multi-element knowledge representation model of product design case based on ontology idea is presented to describe product design case. Machine knowledge and human knowledge are defined from the point of view of knowledge classification. The characteristics, origin and life cycle of product design knowledge are analyzed, and product design case knowledge and product case knowledge are distinguished in this section. The characteristics of product design case knowledge representation involve systematization, complexity and process-separability. Furthermore, product design case knowledge is formalized by Backus-Naur Form (BNF), and Structured-Semi structured-Unstructured (SSU) case knowledge storage model is built to match the case knowledge representation. Finally, the relationship of case knowledge description and case knowledge storage is discussed and analyzed, and knowledge granularity and knowledge hierarchy are introduced in detailed.
2. Knowledge operation framework of product design case knowledge is provided and is composed of routine operation and knowledge management operation. Routine operation includes add operation, delete operation, modify operation, query operation based on two-double search mode of top-down and bottom-up and browse operation based on SSU stencil-plant and attribute dictionary. Knowledge operation includes redundancy checking, unique checking, consistency checking, validity checking and collision checking. Furthermore, the quality indices architecture of product design case knowledge is presented to guarantee the correct, complete, reasonable and effective reusing of case knowledge and the case knowledge item indices of the elementary index set is analyzed. Finally, the dynamic evaluation model of case knowledge’quality for product design is developed, and evaluation flow, evaluation approach, evaluation arithmetic and related key techniques are studied and discussed.
3. With the using of knowledge-intensive domain knowledge, additional knowledge and explanation knowledge, the similarity transformation matrix for similarity measures is presented to handle the partial problem descriptions of product design, and the similarity knowledge repair model of based on consultation is provided to repair the incomplete case knowledge and to retrieve the similarity knowledge. The concrete consultation hierarchy consists of feathers level, method and weight level and semantics level, and consultation approach is introduced to help effective knowledge repair of product design case.
4. Based on physical symbol system hypothesis (PSSH) and connectionism, a meta-cognition model of product designer is provided to elucidate the active monitoring and consequent regulation, which affects the formation of product design case knowledge. Meta-cognition process and cognition process in product design are identified, and factors and characteristics of meta-cognition model of product designer and the relationship of individual cognitive and meta-cognitive activities are analyzed. Individual cognitive differences and problem solving are studied and analyzed, and fourteen cognitive differences are provided In the process of product design.
5. Combining case based reasoning (CBR) and knowledge management (KM), product design model based on case knowledge management is provided. The relationship between product design and case knowledge management is discussed, and the mainly characteristics of product design based on CKM are investigated. Then, design methodology, design mechanism, design approaches, and key techniques based on CKM are introduced, and knowledge management techniques are studied and utilized in product design system based on CKM, such as, knowledge evaluation, knowledge sharing, knowledge update and knowledge map. Finally, the seven design rules are provided to serve and support product design.
引文
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